震后崩塌体与滑坡体泥沙起动条件研究
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摘要
"5·12"汶川大地震具有震级高、震源浅、破坏性强、次生地质灾害严重的特点。地震引发了大量的次生灾害,主要为滚石、崩塌、滑坡、堰塞湖和泥石流。大多数次生山地灾害均会产生大量的泥沙进入河道,譬如强烈的主震和余震作用下进入河道的泥沙,堰塞坝开挖泄洪通道岸坡泥沙以及降雨、山洪等因素作用下可能进入河道的崩塌体与滑坡体泥沙等。研究泥沙输移规律对于灾后重建中的滑坡和泥石流灾害监测预警、河道整治与防洪、预防工程诱发灾害以及堰塞湖后续处理与资源利用具有指导作用。根据边坡上泥沙的起动特点,结合已有泥沙起动研究基础,充分考虑相对暴露度、相对粗糙度、形状系数等影响因素对泥沙起动的影响,对震后崩塌体与滑坡体泥沙的再起动进行了研究,得到了震后崩塌体与滑坡体泥沙起动条件。
According to the characteristics of the slope sediment incipient motion caused by earthquake and based on the relevant research foundation,and the consideration of relative exposure degree,relative roughness,shape coefficients,the sediment restart incipient motion of rock avalanche bodies and landslide bodies was studied.The sediment incipient motion conditions of rock avalanche bodies and landslide bodies after earthquake were obtained.
According to the characteristics of the slope sediment incipient motion caused by earthquake and based on the relevant research foundation,and the consideration of relative exposure degree,relative roughness,shape coefficients,the sediment restart incipient motion of rock avalanche bodies and landslide bodies was studied.The sediment incipient motion conditions of rock avalanche bodies and landslide bodies after earthquake were obtained.
引文
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[2]Cao Shuyou,Liu Xingnian,Huang Er,et al.Advances in studies of river sediment and fluvial processes of the upper-Yangtze river in earthquake background[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(3):26-34.[曹叔尤,刘兴年,黄尔,等.地震背景下的川江流域泥沙与河床演变问题研究进展[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):26-34.]
[3]Huang Runqiu.Characteristics of geological disasters of“5.12”Wenchuan Earthquake and recommendation on its impact on reconstruction[J].Chinese Geological Education,2008(2):21-24.[黄润秋.“5.12”汶川大地震地质灾害的基本特征及其对灾后重建影响的建议[J].中国地质教育,2008(2):21-24.]
[4]Cui Peng,Wei Fangqiang,Chen Xiaoqing,et al.Geo-hazards in Wenchuan Earthquake area and countermeasures for disaster reduction[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008,23(4):317-323.[崔鹏,韦方强,陈晓清,等.汶川地震次生山地灾害及其减灾对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2008,23(4):317-323.]
[5]王兆印.汶川地震次生山地灾害与河床演变的关系[R].地震次生山地灾害及其减灾技术专题研讨会,成都,2008.
[6]Nie Ruihua,Liu Xingnian,Cao Shuyou,et al.Comparison study on incipient motion conditions for cohesionless sediment[J].Advances in Water Science,2004,15(5):584-587.[聂锐华,刘兴年,曹叔尤,等.无粘性泥沙起动条件对比研究[J].水科学进展,2004,15(5):584-587.]
[7]Buffington J M,Montgomery D R.A systematic analysis of eight decades of incipient motion studies,with special reference to gravel-bedded rivers[J].Water Resour Res,1997,33(8):1993-2029.
[8]钱宁,万兆惠.泥沙运动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[9]韩其为,何明民.泥沙起动规律及起动流速[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[10]Nie Ruihua,Liu Xingnian,Liu Zhengping,et al.Study on laws of incipient motion for pebbles with a wide size distribution[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2004,23(3):112-115.[聂锐华,刘兴年,刘正平,等.宽级配卵石起动规律研究[J].水力发电学报,2004,23(3):112-115.]
[11]Wiberg P L,Smith J D.Calculations of the critical shear stress for motion of uniform and heterogeneous sediments[J].Water Resources Research,1987,23(8):1471-1480.
[12]Chiew Y,Parker G.Incipient sediment motion on non-horizontal slopes[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,1994,32(5):649-660.
[13]Dey S,Debnath K.Influence of streamwise bed slope on sediment threshold under stream flow[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2000,126(4):255-263.
[14]Lane E W.Design of stable channels[J].Transactions of the ASCE,1955,120,1234-1260.
[15]Lau Y L,Engel P.Inception of sediment transport on steep slopes[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,ASCE,1999,125(5):544-547.
[16]Whitehouse R J S,Soulsby R L,Damgaard J S.Discussion of inception of sediment transport on steep slopes[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,ASCE,2000,126(7):553-555.
[17]Kovacs A,Parker G.A new vectorial bedload formulation and its application to the time evolution of straight river channels[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1994,267,153-183.
[18]Seminara G,Solari L,Parker G.Bed load at low shields stress on arbitrarily sloping beds:failure of the bagnold hypothesis[J].Water Resources Research,2002,38(11):1249-1264.
[19]Duan J G,Julien P Y.Numerical simulation of the inception of channel meandering[J].Earth Surface Processes and Iandforms,2005,30(9):1093-1110.
[20]Nie Ruihua.Study on the complicated properties of non-uiform gravel bedload transport[D].Chengdu:Sichuan University,2010.[聂锐华.非均匀沙卵石推移质输移复杂特性研究[D].成都:四川大学,2010.]
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