国外重大自然灾害区域重建规划的理念和启示
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摘要
5.12四川汶川地震,4.14青海玉树地震及8.7甘肃舟曲特大泥石流等突发性重特大自然灾害发生地区的灾后重建是非常复杂而漫长的工作。灾后重建规划是推进灾区恢复重建工作的重要依据,不断完善重建规划的理论和方法对提高我国综合减灾恢复重建能力意义重大。本研究通过系统梳理大量国际组织发表的文献资料,总结了1995年日本阪神地震、2004年印度洋地震海啸、2005年美国Katrina飓风的灾后重建规划及规划实施中的先进理念,分析提出积极推进今后我国在灾后重建过程中体现灾区民意和强化生产、生活氛围复兴(软环境重建)工作的重要意义。
The plan of rehabilitation and reconstruction is an important foundation for the advancement of restaration and reconstruction in disaster affected areas.It is of great significance for the promotion of the capability of disaster prevention,restoration and reconstruction and the continuous improvement of the theory and methods for restaoration and reconstruction.Through a great plenty of literatures and materials published by international organizations,this study analyzes and summarizes the developed concept and ideas as well as the implementations of restoration and reconstruction in the areas affected respectively by the Great Hanshin Earthquake in 1995,the Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami in the Indian Ocean in 2004,and the Hurricane Katrina in 2005.Finally,this study points out that in the process of restoration and reconstruction in China,more efforts should be made in two aspects,which are attention/reflection of publics' desire and construction of intangible environment.
The plan of rehabilitation and reconstruction is an important foundation for the advancement of restaration and reconstruction in disaster affected areas.It is of great significance for the promotion of the capability of disaster prevention,restoration and reconstruction and the continuous improvement of the theory and methods for restaoration and reconstruction.Through a great plenty of literatures and materials published by international organizations,this study analyzes and summarizes the developed concept and ideas as well as the implementations of restoration and reconstruction in the areas affected respectively by the Great Hanshin Earthquake in 1995,the Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami in the Indian Ocean in 2004,and the Hurricane Katrina in 2005.Finally,this study points out that in the process of restoration and reconstruction in China,more efforts should be made in two aspects,which are attention/reflection of publics' desire and construction of intangible environment.
引文
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[2]韩松,程晓陶,李娜.瑞士国家自然灾害管理委员会及其经验:从防御灾害到风险管理的模式转变.中国防汛抗旱,2009(2):75-78.
[3]熊贵彬,柴定红.中美灾害救助体制比较:以汶川地震和卡特里娜飓风为例.华东理工大学学报:社会科学版,2009(1):16-21.
[4]郭明霞,扶庆松.国外灾害社会救助制度对中国的启示.社科纵横,2009(4):56-58.
[5]代志鹏.浅析日本中小学防灾教育.外国中小学教育,2009(2):56-58.
[6]顾桂兰.国外民众防灾教育.现代职业安全,2010(3):78-79.
[7]马慧敏,杨青.突发公共危机应急管理国际合作机制研究.武汉理工大学学报:信息与管理工程版,2008,30(6):944-951.
[8]王岱,张文忠.国际多元合作推动灾区重建的回顾和思考:以印度洋地震海啸印度尼西亚灾区为例.世界地理研究,2009,19(2):130-137.
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[16]Republic of Indonesia.Master Plan for the Rehabilitationand Reconstruction of the Regions and Communities ofthe Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam and the is-lands of Nias,Province of North Sumatera,2005.
[17]杉安和也,村尾修,仲里英晃.インドネシアにおける2004年インド洋津波被災地の復興マスタープランとインフラ復興の現況.日本建筑学会大会学术讲演梗概集,2008:319-320.
[18]BRR and International Partners,Aceh and Nias TwoYears After the Tsunami,2007.
[19]UN-HABITAT.Building Houses Rebuilding Communi-ties(Indonesia),2005.
[20]FAO.Report of the Regional Workshop on Rehabilitationof Agriculture in Tsunami Affected Areas:One and aHalf Years Later,2006.
[21]FAO.Rehabilitation of the Fishing Communities and theFisheries and Aquaculture Sectors Affected by the Tsuna-mi in the Indian Ocean,2008.
[22]Syiah Kuala University.Earthquake and Tsunami Emer-gency Support Project(ETESP):External ResettlementMonitoring Report,2007.
[23]IFC.Private Enterprise Partnership for Aceh and Nias(IFC PEP-Aceh&Nias):Inauguration of the IFC PrivateEnterprise Partnership(PEP)for Aceh&Nias,2006.
[24]USAID.A Rapid Assessment of the Specialty Coffee Val-ue Chain in Indonesia,2007.
[25]Johnson L.Recovery and Reconstruction followingLarge-Scale Disasters,2nd International Conference onUrban Disaster Reduction,2007.
[26]Olshansky R.Planning for the Rebuilding of New Or-leans,2nd International Conference on Urban DisasterReduction,2007.
[27]City of New Orleans.The Unified New Orleans Plan,2007.
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[29]樊杰.国家玉树地震灾后恢复重建规划:资源环境承载能力评价.北京:科学出版社,2010.
[2]韩松,程晓陶,李娜.瑞士国家自然灾害管理委员会及其经验:从防御灾害到风险管理的模式转变.中国防汛抗旱,2009(2):75-78.
[3]熊贵彬,柴定红.中美灾害救助体制比较:以汶川地震和卡特里娜飓风为例.华东理工大学学报:社会科学版,2009(1):16-21.
[4]郭明霞,扶庆松.国外灾害社会救助制度对中国的启示.社科纵横,2009(4):56-58.
[5]代志鹏.浅析日本中小学防灾教育.外国中小学教育,2009(2):56-58.
[6]顾桂兰.国外民众防灾教育.现代职业安全,2010(3):78-79.
[7]马慧敏,杨青.突发公共危机应急管理国际合作机制研究.武汉理工大学学报:信息与管理工程版,2008,30(6):944-951.
[8]王岱,张文忠.国际多元合作推动灾区重建的回顾和思考:以印度洋地震海啸印度尼西亚灾区为例.世界地理研究,2009,19(2):130-137.
[9]史培军.制定国家综合减灾战略提高巨灾风险防范能力.自然灾害学报,2008,17(1):1-8.
[10]日本总务省消防厅.阪神.淡路大震災について(第107報),2003年12月25日.
[11]兵库县.阪神.淡路大震災の復旧.復興の状況について,2009年6月.
[12]兵库县復興フォローアップ委員会.阪神.淡路大震災復興フォローアップまちのにぎわいづくりへの提言:平成18年度の施策展開に向けて,2006年2月.
[13]BRR and International Partners.Aceh and Nias One Yearafter the Tsunami.
[14]BAPPENAS and the International Donor Country,Prelim-inary Damage and Loss Assessment.
[15]World Bank,Rebuilding a Better Aceh and Nias:Prelimi-nary Stocktaking of the Reconstruction Effort SixMonths After the Earthquake and Tsunami,2005.
[16]Republic of Indonesia.Master Plan for the Rehabilitationand Reconstruction of the Regions and Communities ofthe Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam and the is-lands of Nias,Province of North Sumatera,2005.
[17]杉安和也,村尾修,仲里英晃.インドネシアにおける2004年インド洋津波被災地の復興マスタープランとインフラ復興の現況.日本建筑学会大会学术讲演梗概集,2008:319-320.
[18]BRR and International Partners,Aceh and Nias TwoYears After the Tsunami,2007.
[19]UN-HABITAT.Building Houses Rebuilding Communi-ties(Indonesia),2005.
[20]FAO.Report of the Regional Workshop on Rehabilitationof Agriculture in Tsunami Affected Areas:One and aHalf Years Later,2006.
[21]FAO.Rehabilitation of the Fishing Communities and theFisheries and Aquaculture Sectors Affected by the Tsuna-mi in the Indian Ocean,2008.
[22]Syiah Kuala University.Earthquake and Tsunami Emer-gency Support Project(ETESP):External ResettlementMonitoring Report,2007.
[23]IFC.Private Enterprise Partnership for Aceh and Nias(IFC PEP-Aceh&Nias):Inauguration of the IFC PrivateEnterprise Partnership(PEP)for Aceh&Nias,2006.
[24]USAID.A Rapid Assessment of the Specialty Coffee Val-ue Chain in Indonesia,2007.
[25]Johnson L.Recovery and Reconstruction followingLarge-Scale Disasters,2nd International Conference onUrban Disaster Reduction,2007.
[26]Olshansky R.Planning for the Rebuilding of New Or-leans,2nd International Conference on Urban DisasterReduction,2007.
[27]City of New Orleans.The Unified New Orleans Plan,2007.
[28]樊杰,周成虎,顾行发,等.国家汶川地震灾后重建规划:资源环境承载能力评价.北京:科学出版社,2009.
[29]樊杰.国家玉树地震灾后恢复重建规划:资源环境承载能力评价.北京:科学出版社,2010.
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