基于洪水演进数值模拟的溃坝危害性快速评估
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摘要
采用部分溃坝模型与堰流相交算法计算溃坝最大流量,并基于四次抛物线概化方法得到溃坝洪水的流量过程线;利用洪峰展平法将洪水波概化为三角形,对洪水演进过程进行模拟,分析溃口宽度和溃口形态对洪水演进过程的影响;研究考虑不同溃坝条件下对溃坝洪水的到时、最大流量、水深和洪水历时等洪水演进的主要参数的快速估算方法,以实现对地震可能引发不同溃坝事件危害性的快速评估。
Maximum discharge of dam-break is calculated by algorithm of dam-break model intersected with weir flow.Discharge hydrograph of dam-break flood is got based on four parabola generalizations.The flood wave is generalized as a triangle with flood peak flattening method to simulate flood-routing process and analyze effects of dam breach width and form on the process.A rapid estimation method is studied for significant flood-routing indexes as arriving time,maximum discharge,depth,duration,etc of flood under the condition of different dam-break situations to realize rapid evaluation on hazards of different earthquake induced dam-breaks.
Maximum discharge of dam-break is calculated by algorithm of dam-break model intersected with weir flow.Discharge hydrograph of dam-break flood is got based on four parabola generalizations.The flood wave is generalized as a triangle with flood peak flattening method to simulate flood-routing process and analyze effects of dam breach width and form on the process.A rapid estimation method is studied for significant flood-routing indexes as arriving time,maximum discharge,depth,duration,etc of flood under the condition of different dam-break situations to realize rapid evaluation on hazards of different earthquake induced dam-breaks.
引文
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[4]陈国兴,景立平,周新贵,等.汶川8.0级地震后中江县水库震害调查与分析[J].灾害学,2009,24(3):69-74.
[5]何晓燕,王兆印,黄金池.中国水库溃坝空间特征分析[J].灾害学,2008,23(2):1-4.
[6]刘耀文.大河流域溃坝洪水应急减灾预案[J].四川水利,1997,18(4):17-19.
[7]谢任之.溃坝水力学[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,1993.
[8]谢作涛,张小峰,袁晶,等.溃坝洪水数值模拟[J].水利水运工程学报,2005(2):9-17.
[9]程尊兰,田金昌,张正波,等.西藏江河堵溃灾害及成灾环境分析[J].灾害学,2009,24(1):26-30.
[10]刘晶晶,程尊兰,李泳,等.西藏冰湖溃决主要特征[J].灾害学,2008,23(1):55-60.
[11]赵太平.水电工程溃坝洪水计算[J].泥沙研究,2003(4):48-53.
[12]李炜.水力计算手册[M].中国水利水电出版社,2006.
[13]党超,程尊兰,刘晶晶,等.泥石流堵塞坝溃决模式试验[J].灾害学,2008,23(3):15-19.
[14]张农霞.黑泉水库溃坝洪水演算方法简介[J].青海科技,2000,7(3):19-21.
[15]张帜.溃坝及洪水演算模型的开发与应用[J].东北水利发电,1997(6):29-33.
[16]Bellos C V,Sakkas J G.Experimental investigation of two dimen-sional dam break induced flows[J].Journal of Hydraulic Re-search,1992,30(1):47-63.
[17]Louaked M,Hanich L.TVD scheme for the shallow water equa-tions[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,1998,36(3):363-378.
[18]Zhang Xiaofeng,Yu Minghui.Numerical simulation of bed de-formation dike burst[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics(B),2001(4):60-64.
[19]雷晓云.新疆平原拦河水库溃坝洪水演进的数值模拟计算[J].灌溉排水报,2003,2(4):46-49.
[20]谢作涛,张小峰,谈广鸣,等.一维洪水演进数学模型研究及应用[J].武汉大学学报,2005,38(1):69-72.
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