区域中长期房屋震灾损失评估系统
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摘要
基于中国县级尺度房屋结构、人口数据库、中国地震烈度区划图,研究建立了中国区域中长期房屋震灾损失评估系统。实现了对中国各区域未来可能的震灾房屋破坏情况的损失评估,基于此实现对灾害损失的各种统计与GIS可视化表达功能。利用该评估系统,决策人员可直观的把握各区域的房屋震灾可能的损失情况,为制定防灾、减灾规划和灾后应急机制提供可靠依据。由于采用了浏览器/服务器(Browser/Server,B/S)架构,便于不同的用户远程访问,促进了研究成果到应用的转化和应用普及。该系统的构建为研究灾害防治的信息化管理提供参考。
Based on the house structure and population database of countries of China,an earthquake intensity distribution map of China,and damage ratios of each type of house structure for different grades of earthquake,we built an evaluation system for house damage of regional long-term earthquake in China.Using this system,evaluation of future likely seismic damage of regional houses was performed,based on which,variable statistics and GIS visualization were realized.By the system,decision makers could know the most possible occurrence of earthquakes and the corresponding house damage of every region in the future.Establishment of this system helps understand regional security levels of earthquakes,providing an effective support to make policies for disaster prevention and reduction as well as to establish mechanisms of post-disaster emergency and rescue.The system was programmed based on B/S framework,using Java,ArcGIS 9.3.Techniques like web service,Flex fat page,etc.were used,which would make it more convenient for the user.Users could access the system from any remote end that is equipped with the network using a general browser,so it would help realize transformation from research productions to applications.The usage of these techniques also makes the system easy to be extended and upgraded.With the development of information technology,the informatization of disaster management is required.The establishment of this system provides reference for the realization of disaster management informatization in China.As a case study,we examined the possible damage of some zones in Xinjiang Autonomous Region using the system.Results show that Urumchi as the provincial capital would possibly undergo more loss due to a higher population density.In the further studies,the house and population database should be upgraded for storing more detailed spatial distribution of house and population.To make a better evaluation of the house damage,it is necessary to consider regional economic levels and differences in population by social and economic groups,because different groups of population or different regions have variable ability to deal with seism.Generally,different house structures correspond to different household economic levels.Property in houses with varying structures is not the same,so it is possible to estimate regional economic loss according to house damage.Reasonable evaluation of the regional economic loss would assist in restoring disaster relief materials and making policies of disaster relief.
Based on the house structure and population database of countries of China,an earthquake intensity distribution map of China,and damage ratios of each type of house structure for different grades of earthquake,we built an evaluation system for house damage of regional long-term earthquake in China.Using this system,evaluation of future likely seismic damage of regional houses was performed,based on which,variable statistics and GIS visualization were realized.By the system,decision makers could know the most possible occurrence of earthquakes and the corresponding house damage of every region in the future.Establishment of this system helps understand regional security levels of earthquakes,providing an effective support to make policies for disaster prevention and reduction as well as to establish mechanisms of post-disaster emergency and rescue.The system was programmed based on B/S framework,using Java,ArcGIS 9.3.Techniques like web service,Flex fat page,etc.were used,which would make it more convenient for the user.Users could access the system from any remote end that is equipped with the network using a general browser,so it would help realize transformation from research productions to applications.The usage of these techniques also makes the system easy to be extended and upgraded.With the development of information technology,the informatization of disaster management is required.The establishment of this system provides reference for the realization of disaster management informatization in China.As a case study,we examined the possible damage of some zones in Xinjiang Autonomous Region using the system.Results show that Urumchi as the provincial capital would possibly undergo more loss due to a higher population density.In the further studies,the house and population database should be upgraded for storing more detailed spatial distribution of house and population.To make a better evaluation of the house damage,it is necessary to consider regional economic levels and differences in population by social and economic groups,because different groups of population or different regions have variable ability to deal with seism.Generally,different house structures correspond to different household economic levels.Property in houses with varying structures is not the same,so it is possible to estimate regional economic loss according to house damage.Reasonable evaluation of the regional economic loss would assist in restoring disaster relief materials and making policies of disaster relief.
引文
[1]葛全胜,邹铭,郑景云,等.中国自然灾害风险综合评估初步研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
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[6]Gao Yunxue.Suggestions on how to reduce earthquake disasterso n living buildings in villages and towns of China[J].ChineseS cience Abstracts Series B,1995,14(3):60.
[7]Yin Zhiqian.Content of analyzing earthquake losses in city andt he process of countermeasures decision-making for disasterM itigation[J].Chinese Science Abstracts Series B,1995,14(3):60.
[8]Shabestari,Khosrow T,Yamazaki Fumio,Saita Jun,et al.E stimation of the spatial distribution of ground motion parametersf or two recent earthquakes in Japan[J].Tectonophysics,2004,390(1-4):193-204.
[9]Xie L,Tao X,Wen R,et al.A GIS based earthquake lossesa ssessment and emergency response system for Daqing Oilfield[C].Auckland:12th World Conference on EarthquakeE ngineering,2000.
[10]中国地震烈度区划图编委会.中国地震烈度区划图(1990)及其说明[J].中国地震,8(4):1-12.
[11]GB/T17742-2008,中国地震烈度表[S].
[12]郭子雄,刘阳,杨勇.结构震害指数研究评述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(5):56-61:
[13]GB/T18208.4-2005,灾害直接损失评估[S].
[14]中华人民共和国建设部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.建筑抗震设计规范[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[15]N.Lantada,J.Irizarry,A.H.Barbat,et al.Seismic hazard andr isk scenarios for Barcelona,Spain,using the Risk-UEv ulnerability index method[J].Bulletin of EarthquakeE ngineering,2010,8(2):201-229.
[16]刘毅,吴绍洪,徐中春,等.自然灾害风险评估与分级方法论探研—以山西省地震灾害风险为例[J].地理研究,2011,30(2):195-208.
[2]何亚文,苏奋振,杜云艳,等.海洋信息网格服务平台的设计与实现[J].地球信息科学学报,2010,12(5):680-686.
[3]陈述彭.台风防灾减灾信息系统[J].地球信息科学,2006,8(4):1-3.
[4]Schneider PJ,Schauer BA.HAZUS-Its development and its future[J].Natural Hazards Rev.,2006,7(2):40-44.
[5]徐玖平,卢毅.地震灾害系统分析与评估的综合集成模式[J].系统工程理论与实践,2009,29(11):1-18.
[6]Gao Yunxue.Suggestions on how to reduce earthquake disasterso n living buildings in villages and towns of China[J].ChineseS cience Abstracts Series B,1995,14(3):60.
[7]Yin Zhiqian.Content of analyzing earthquake losses in city andt he process of countermeasures decision-making for disasterM itigation[J].Chinese Science Abstracts Series B,1995,14(3):60.
[8]Shabestari,Khosrow T,Yamazaki Fumio,Saita Jun,et al.E stimation of the spatial distribution of ground motion parametersf or two recent earthquakes in Japan[J].Tectonophysics,2004,390(1-4):193-204.
[9]Xie L,Tao X,Wen R,et al.A GIS based earthquake lossesa ssessment and emergency response system for Daqing Oilfield[C].Auckland:12th World Conference on EarthquakeE ngineering,2000.
[10]中国地震烈度区划图编委会.中国地震烈度区划图(1990)及其说明[J].中国地震,8(4):1-12.
[11]GB/T17742-2008,中国地震烈度表[S].
[12]郭子雄,刘阳,杨勇.结构震害指数研究评述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(5):56-61:
[13]GB/T18208.4-2005,灾害直接损失评估[S].
[14]中华人民共和国建设部,国家质量监督检验检疫总局.建筑抗震设计规范[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[15]N.Lantada,J.Irizarry,A.H.Barbat,et al.Seismic hazard andr isk scenarios for Barcelona,Spain,using the Risk-UEv ulnerability index method[J].Bulletin of EarthquakeE ngineering,2010,8(2):201-229.
[16]刘毅,吴绍洪,徐中春,等.自然灾害风险评估与分级方法论探研—以山西省地震灾害风险为例[J].地理研究,2011,30(2):195-208.
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