福岛核事故对中国核电站厂址选择影响研究
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摘要
日本福岛核事故源于两个直接因素--地震和海啸,以及两因素的叠加,并导致放射性泄漏对周围居民产生重大影响。针对这些问题,分析中国大陆核电站厂址的地震发生概率、海啸发生概率和人口分布因素,由此评价我国核电站厂址选择的安全性。结果证明:我国大陆核电站远离地震带;沿海不会发生特大海啸;核电站周围人口分布密度符合安全标准,我国核电站具有较高的固有安全性。同时,此次福岛事故也是对我国核电发展的警示,要求不可忽视小概率的超基准设计事故以及多个超基准设计事故叠加的情况;要重新审查中国抗震和海啸等极限事故的标准;要考虑人口密度;要避免两个核电站建设过密的情况。目前,我国已经采取安全检查等措施确保核电站的安全性。这次福岛事故对我国乃至世界核电的发展都是宝贵的经验教训。
There are two direct factors,earthquake and tsunami,led to the Fukushima nuclear accident.The accident radioactive leaks have a serious impact on the surrounding residents.Taking into account these issues,nuclear power plant sites earthquake probabilities,tsunami probabilities and population distribution around in mainland China are studied,thus the safety of nuclear power plants against earthquake and tsunami is studied.Survey results show that the nuclear power stations in mainland China are away from seismic belt,super tsunami will not happen in our coastal areas and population density around the plant meets safety standards.The nuclear power plants in mainland China have a high inherent safety.But Fukushima nuclear accident alarms for our nuclear power development.The beyond design basic accident(BDBA) is small probability,but it can't be ignored and it's the same to the situation that meeting several BDBA at the same time.It is necessary to review our nuclear power station limit accident safety standards on earthquake and tsunami.And the safe distance between two nuclear power units should be considered.The population density around nuclear power plants is also an important safety factor.Now some of the security measures have been taken such as safety-check in mainland China to ensure the safety of nuclear power plants.The Fukushima nuclear accident gives a lesson to our government and the whole world.
There are two direct factors,earthquake and tsunami,led to the Fukushima nuclear accident.The accident radioactive leaks have a serious impact on the surrounding residents.Taking into account these issues,nuclear power plant sites earthquake probabilities,tsunami probabilities and population distribution around in mainland China are studied,thus the safety of nuclear power plants against earthquake and tsunami is studied.Survey results show that the nuclear power stations in mainland China are away from seismic belt,super tsunami will not happen in our coastal areas and population density around the plant meets safety standards.The nuclear power plants in mainland China have a high inherent safety.But Fukushima nuclear accident alarms for our nuclear power development.The beyond design basic accident(BDBA) is small probability,but it can't be ignored and it's the same to the situation that meeting several BDBA at the same time.It is necessary to review our nuclear power station limit accident safety standards on earthquake and tsunami.And the safe distance between two nuclear power units should be considered.The population density around nuclear power plants is also an important safety factor.Now some of the security measures have been taken such as safety-check in mainland China to ensure the safety of nuclear power plants.The Fukushima nuclear accident gives a lesson to our government and the whole world.
引文
[1]中国核电论坛[EB/OL].http://www.chinanuclear.cn/.China Nuclear Power Forum Network[EB/OL].http://www.chinanuclear.cn/.(in Chinese)
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[10]中国国家地理网[EB/OL].http://www.dili360.com/.China's national geographic nets[EB/OL].http://www.dili360.com/.(in Chinese)
[11]田新珊,张晓锋.内陆核电厂址区域环境调查中需要关注的问题[J].中国核科学技术进展报告,2009,1(11):493-497.Tian Xin-shan,Zhang Xiao-feng.Several issues related toregional environmental investigation to nuclear power plant[J].Progress Report on China Nuclear Science&Technolo-gy,2009,1(11):493-497.(in Chinese)
[12]赵洁,黄宝德.我国东部沿海地区核电厂址资源[J].国际电力,2004,8(6):26-30.Zhao Jie,Huang De-bao.Investigation on resources of nu-clear power plant sites in China eastern coastal area[J].In-ternational Electric Power For China,2004,8(6):26-30.(inChinese)
[13]陈立军,陈晓逢,黎品忠.中国强震活动的时空特性研究[J].华南地震,2007,27(2):40-48.Chen Li-jun,Chen Xiao-feng,Li Pin-zhong.Research ontime and spatial characteristics of strong earthquakes in Chi-na[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2007,27(2):40-48.(in Chinese)
[14]王建军.内陆核电厂址选择[R].中国核学会2007年学术交流会,2007.Wang Jian-jun.Selection of Inland Nuclear Power PlantSite[R].Chinese Nuclear Society Symposium 2007.(in Chi-nese)
[15]王美茹,谢善文,蔡友名,等.岭澳核电站防波堤设计[J].港工技术,1997(3):1-7.Wang Mei-ru,Xie Shan-wen,Cai You-ming.BreakwaterDesign for Lingao Nuclear Power Plant[J].Port EngineeringTechnology,1997(3):1-7.(in Chinese)
[16]李洪训.海啸与核安全[J].核安全,2005(1):6-10.Li Hong-xun.Tsunami and nuclear safety[J].Nuclear Safety,2005(1):6-10.(in Chinese)
[17]王毅韧.吸取福岛核事故教训确保核工业又好又快安全发展[J].中国核工业,2011(4):12-13.Wang Yi-ren.Learn from Fukushima Nuclear Accident toMake Sure the Safe and Fast Development of China NuclearIndustry[J].China Nuclear Industry,2011(4):12-13.(in Chi-nese)
[2]吕耀军.日本大地震初探[J].国际观察.2011(4):61-62.Lv Yao-jun.Study in Japanese earthquake[J].Worldlook,2011(4):61-62.(in Chinese)
[3]中国地震网[EB/OL].http://www.ceic.ac.cn/.China Earthquake Nets[EB/OL].http://www.ceic.ac.cn/.
[4]凤凰资讯[EB/OL].http://news.ifeng.com/.Phoenix Information Nets[EB/OL].http://news.ifeng.com/.(in Chinese)
[5]田胜清.核电厂地震安全性评价中的断裂构造调查与评价[J].震灾防御技术,2006,1(1):25-30.Tian Sheng-qing.Faults investigation and evaluation forseismic safety assessment of nuclear power plants[J].Tech-nology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,2006,1(1):25-30.(in Chinese)
[6]田胜清.核电厂厂址选择中的地震调查与评价[J].地震地质,1993,15(4):289-295.Tian Sheng-qing.Investigation and evaluation of earthquakeon the chooing of nuclear power plant site[J].Seismologyand Geology,1993,15(4):289-295.(in Chinese)
[7]张爱玲.对滨海核电厂防洪评价中海啸影响的一些认识[J].核安全,2008(4):28-31.Zhang Ai-ling.Discussion of tsunami impact in floodingassessment of nuclear power plant on coastal site[J].NuclearSafety,2008(4):28-31.(in Chinese)
[8]雷达.滨海核电站厂址标高的研究[J].广东电力,2006,19(9):30-33.Lei Da.Research on site elevation of seaside nuclear powerstations[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2006,19(9):30-33.(in Chinese)
[9]李德平.日本核电厂址概况[J].辐射防护通讯.1983(5):1-25.Li De-ping.Japanese nuclear power plant site Overview[J].Radiation Protection Bulletin,1983(5):1-25.(in Chinese)
[10]中国国家地理网[EB/OL].http://www.dili360.com/.China's national geographic nets[EB/OL].http://www.dili360.com/.(in Chinese)
[11]田新珊,张晓锋.内陆核电厂址区域环境调查中需要关注的问题[J].中国核科学技术进展报告,2009,1(11):493-497.Tian Xin-shan,Zhang Xiao-feng.Several issues related toregional environmental investigation to nuclear power plant[J].Progress Report on China Nuclear Science&Technolo-gy,2009,1(11):493-497.(in Chinese)
[12]赵洁,黄宝德.我国东部沿海地区核电厂址资源[J].国际电力,2004,8(6):26-30.Zhao Jie,Huang De-bao.Investigation on resources of nu-clear power plant sites in China eastern coastal area[J].In-ternational Electric Power For China,2004,8(6):26-30.(inChinese)
[13]陈立军,陈晓逢,黎品忠.中国强震活动的时空特性研究[J].华南地震,2007,27(2):40-48.Chen Li-jun,Chen Xiao-feng,Li Pin-zhong.Research ontime and spatial characteristics of strong earthquakes in Chi-na[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2007,27(2):40-48.(in Chinese)
[14]王建军.内陆核电厂址选择[R].中国核学会2007年学术交流会,2007.Wang Jian-jun.Selection of Inland Nuclear Power PlantSite[R].Chinese Nuclear Society Symposium 2007.(in Chi-nese)
[15]王美茹,谢善文,蔡友名,等.岭澳核电站防波堤设计[J].港工技术,1997(3):1-7.Wang Mei-ru,Xie Shan-wen,Cai You-ming.BreakwaterDesign for Lingao Nuclear Power Plant[J].Port EngineeringTechnology,1997(3):1-7.(in Chinese)
[16]李洪训.海啸与核安全[J].核安全,2005(1):6-10.Li Hong-xun.Tsunami and nuclear safety[J].Nuclear Safety,2005(1):6-10.(in Chinese)
[17]王毅韧.吸取福岛核事故教训确保核工业又好又快安全发展[J].中国核工业,2011(4):12-13.Wang Yi-ren.Learn from Fukushima Nuclear Accident toMake Sure the Safe and Fast Development of China NuclearIndustry[J].China Nuclear Industry,2011(4):12-13.(in Chi-nese)
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