成层场地由基岩反应谱直接计算地表反应谱的等效线性化方法
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摘要
以太平洋地震工程中心NGA强震数据库为基础,同时收集并分析处理了2008年汶川地震和2011年日本太平洋冲地震的强震记录。通过对近4000个水平地震记录的分析,获得了水平地震动峰值速度(PGV)与阻尼比5%的最大拟速度谱值的简便统计关系式,并与已有研究进行对比验证了该公式的适用性。为了将该公式应用到场地地震反应分析中,用该关系式对近场强震记录进行了回归分析并验证了其适用性。对于水平成层场地,利用笔者提出的PGV与最大拟速度谱的关系式以及速度与应变的近似关系,可由该层的反应谱计算其等效应变,从而可按照等效线性化方法的原理求得传递函数。以加速度反应谱与功率谱密度函数之间的相互转换关系为基础,以功率谱为载体,假定输入地震动为平稳随机过程,根据随机振动理论可由传递函数和输入功率谱算得各层的反应谱。对实际工程场地和竖向钻孔场地的分析表明,该方法有较好的计算精度和适用性。
A stable relationship between the peak ground velocity(PGV) and the 5%-damped maximum pseudo-spectral velocity(maxPSV) is presented based on analysis of horizontal records of PEER NGA project as well as those strong motion records of Wenchuan M8.0 Earthquake(2008) and the M9.0 Earthquake near the East Coast of Honshu,Japan.The validity and the applicability of this relationship are inspected using near-source records.This relationship is validated by comparison with the former work.A new approach to calculate the free field response spectrum directly from the bed rock response spectrum at a horizontal layered site is presented using the following iterative procedure:firstly,using the standard equivalent linear method model and the assumed strain level at the center of each layer,the transfer functions are determined for a unit input specified at the bed rock.Secondly,treating the earthquake motions as a stationary stochastic process with power spectral density(PSD) function which is converted from the bed rock response spectrum,the PSD functions of every layer are calculated by the transfer functions.Finally,the equivalent strain of every layer,which is used to get a new shear modulus and damping to determine new transfer function,is obtained by converting the PSD functions to response spectra,evaluating the PGV from the results,and calculating strain using the relationship between the shear strain and the particle velocity of homogeneous medium.The applicability and the validity of the proposed approach are demonstrated by comparing the results with those of other methods for the same project site,as well as with the response spectra of the down-hole array records in Japan.
A stable relationship between the peak ground velocity(PGV) and the 5%-damped maximum pseudo-spectral velocity(maxPSV) is presented based on analysis of horizontal records of PEER NGA project as well as those strong motion records of Wenchuan M8.0 Earthquake(2008) and the M9.0 Earthquake near the East Coast of Honshu,Japan.The validity and the applicability of this relationship are inspected using near-source records.This relationship is validated by comparison with the former work.A new approach to calculate the free field response spectrum directly from the bed rock response spectrum at a horizontal layered site is presented using the following iterative procedure:firstly,using the standard equivalent linear method model and the assumed strain level at the center of each layer,the transfer functions are determined for a unit input specified at the bed rock.Secondly,treating the earthquake motions as a stationary stochastic process with power spectral density(PSD) function which is converted from the bed rock response spectrum,the PSD functions of every layer are calculated by the transfer functions.Finally,the equivalent strain of every layer,which is used to get a new shear modulus and damping to determine new transfer function,is obtained by converting the PSD functions to response spectra,evaluating the PGV from the results,and calculating strain using the relationship between the shear strain and the particle velocity of homogeneous medium.The applicability and the validity of the proposed approach are demonstrated by comparing the results with those of other methods for the same project site,as well as with the response spectra of the down-hole array records in Japan.
引文
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[12]PARK Y J.New conversion method from response spectrumto PSD functions[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE,1995,121(12):1391-1392.
[13]PASKALOV A,REESE S.Deterministic and probabilisticfloor response spectra[J].Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,2003,23:605-618.
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[18]同济大学.上海市地震小区划研究报告[R].上海:同济大学,1992.(Tongji University.Seismic microzonation reportsof Shanghai region[R].Shanghai:Tongji University,1992.(inChinese))
[19]IDRISS I M,SUN J I.User's manual for SHAKE91:Acomputer program for conducting equivalent linear seismicresponse analysis of horizontally layered soil deposits[R].Department of Civil Engineering Technical Report,DavisCalif,1992.
[20]GB50267—97核电厂抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1998.(GB50267—97Code for seismic design ofnuclear power plants[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1998.(in Chinese))
[2]日本国土交通省編集.建設省告示第1457号.建築物の構造関係技術基準解説書[M].東京都:工学図書株式会社.2001:313-325.(Building Research Institute,Ministry ofLand,Infrastructure and Transport Edited.The technicalbackground of structural requirements in the revised BuildingStandard Law[M].Tokyo,2001:313-325.(in Japanese))
[3]苏经宇,周锡元,樊水荣.由基岩反应谱直接估计地面反应谱的实用方法[J].岩土工程学报,1992,14(5):27-35.(SU Jing-yu,ZHOU Xi-yuan,FAN Shui-rong.A practicalmethod for calculating ground response spectrum directlyfrom base rock response spectrum[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,1992,14(5):27-35.(inChinese))
[4]AFRA H,PECKER A.Calculation of free response spectrumof a non-homogeneous soil deposit from bed rock responsespectrum[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2002,22:157-165.
[5]三浦賢治,古山田耕司,飯場正紀.応答スぺケトル法による表層地盤の非線形増幅特性の解析法[J].日本建築学会構造系論文集,2001,593:57-62.(MIURA K,KOYAMADA K,IIBA M.Response spectrum method forevaluating nonlinear amplification of surface strata[J].Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering,Transaction of Architectural Institute of Japan,2001,593:57-62.(in Japanese))
[6]BOMMER J J,ALARCON J E.The prediction and use of peakground motion[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering,2006,10(1):1-31.
[7]NEWMARK N M,HALL W J.Earthquake spectra anddesign[M].Berkeley,Calif:Earthquake EngineeringResearch Institute,1982.
[8]PANKOW K L,PECHMANN J C.The SEA99 ground-motionpredictive relations for extensional tectonic regimes:revisions and a new peak ground velocity relation[J].Bulletinof the Seismological Society of America,2004,94(1):341-348.
[9]CHIOU B,DARRAGH R,GREGOR N,et al.NGA projectstrong-motion database[J].Earthquake Spectra,2008,24(1):23-44.
[10]BOORE D M,BOMMER J J.Processing of strong-motionaccelerograms:needs,options and consequences[J].SoilDynamic and Earthquake Engineering,2005,25:93-115.
[11]赵风新,刘爱文.地震动功率谱与反应谱的转换关系[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(2):30-35.(ZHAOFeng-xin,LIU Ai-wen.Relationship between powerspectral-density functions and response spectra of earthquakeground motions[J].Earthquake Engineering and EngineeringVibration.2001,21(2):30-35.(in Chinese))
[12]PARK Y J.New conversion method from response spectrumto PSD functions[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE,1995,121(12):1391-1392.
[13]PASKALOV A,REESE S.Deterministic and probabilisticfloor response spectra[J].Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,2003,23:605-618.
[14]IDRISS I M,SEED H B.Seismic response of horizontal soillayers[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and FoundationsDivision,ASCE,1968,94(SM4):1003-1031.
[15]蒋通,邢海灵.水平土层地震反应分析考虑频率相关性的等效线性化方法[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(2):218-224.(JIANG Tong,XING Hai-ling.An equivalent linearmethod considering frequency-dependent soil properties forseismic response analysis[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2007,29(2):218-224.(in Chinese))
[16]吴世明.土动力学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.(WU Shi-ming.Soil dynamics[M].Beijing:ChinaArchitecture and Building Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[17]俞载道,曹国敖.随机振动理论及其应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1988.(YU Zai-dao,CAO Guo-ao.Randomvibrations:theory and applications[M].Shanghai:TongjiUniversity Press,1988.(in Chinese))
[18]同济大学.上海市地震小区划研究报告[R].上海:同济大学,1992.(Tongji University.Seismic microzonation reportsof Shanghai region[R].Shanghai:Tongji University,1992.(inChinese))
[19]IDRISS I M,SUN J I.User's manual for SHAKE91:Acomputer program for conducting equivalent linear seismicresponse analysis of horizontally layered soil deposits[R].Department of Civil Engineering Technical Report,DavisCalif,1992.
[20]GB50267—97核电厂抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1998.(GB50267—97Code for seismic design ofnuclear power plants[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1998.(in Chinese))
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