土石坝震损机理及震害影响因素研究
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摘要
汶川8.0级地震造成主震区四川省境内1 997座水库的坝体、溢洪道、输水管、管理房等水利设施不同程度的损毁,不仅无法实现水利功能,而且面临洪水威胁。汶川地震中土石坝典型震害包括裂缝、滑坡、渗漏以及坝体沉陷等。在调查主震区土石坝地震损毁特点的基础上,分析了均质土坝、面板堆石坝、心墙坝等坝型主要震害产生的原因,阐述了影响土石坝震害程度的诸多因素及其作用方式,控制性因素主要有外部因素如场地类别、地震动参数,坝体内部因素如坝料特性、坝型及坝高、坝坡坡率等。
Wenchuan earthquake caused different degrees of damage to water conservancy facilities as dams,spillways,water pipes and office buildings of 1997 reservoirs in the main earthquake zone in Sichuan province.These damages not only caused failure of water conservancy function but also resulted in risk of flood.Typical earthquake damages of the Wenchuan earthquake include fissures,landslide,seepage and dam subsidence.On the basis of investigation of characteristics of seismic damaged earth-rock dams,the causes of main earthquake damages of homogeneous earth dams,concrete faced rock-fill dams and core wall dams are analyzed and the factors that affect degrees of seismic damages of earth-rock dams and mode of action of seismic damages are illustrated.The results show that controlling factors mainly include external factors as types of dam sites and ground motion parameters and internal factors include property of dam materials,dam types,dam height and slope rate of dam slope.
Wenchuan earthquake caused different degrees of damage to water conservancy facilities as dams,spillways,water pipes and office buildings of 1997 reservoirs in the main earthquake zone in Sichuan province.These damages not only caused failure of water conservancy function but also resulted in risk of flood.Typical earthquake damages of the Wenchuan earthquake include fissures,landslide,seepage and dam subsidence.On the basis of investigation of characteristics of seismic damaged earth-rock dams,the causes of main earthquake damages of homogeneous earth dams,concrete faced rock-fill dams and core wall dams are analyzed and the factors that affect degrees of seismic damages of earth-rock dams and mode of action of seismic damages are illustrated.The results show that controlling factors mainly include external factors as types of dam sites and ground motion parameters and internal factors include property of dam materials,dam types,dam height and slope rate of dam slope.
引文
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[2]陈国兴,景立平,周新贵,等.汶川8.0级地震后中江县水库震害调查与分析[J].灾害学,2009,24(3):69-74.
[3]孙少楠,张先起,田林钢.“5.12”地震中小型水库震损机理分析研究[J].人民长江,2009,40(7):58-61.
[4]李湛.土石坝地震永久变形及抗震数值分析方法研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2005:10-13.
[5]牟林,蔡德文.紫坪铺混凝土面板堆石坝震损特性分析[J].吉林水利,2010(3):8-11.
[6]袁丽侠.场地土对地震波的放大效应[J].世界地震工程,2003,19(1):113-120.
[7]乔世军,郭智勇.在地震工况时土石坝坝体的力学探究[J].水利科技与经济,2010:16(9):1033-1034.
[8]顾淦臣,沈长松,岑威钧.土石坝地震工程学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009:306-309.
[9]吴世泽,满作武,梅应堂.汶川地震水利水电工程震损特征及规律分析[J].长江科学院院报,2010,27(5):64-66.
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