深水表层钻井关键技术及装备研究应用现状
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摘要
深水表层钻井直接决定深水钻井作业的成败。为此,调研了深水表层钻井遇到的问题,分析并总结了动态压井、喷射下导管钻井、无隔水管钻井、双梯度钻井、人工海底和三维地震等深水表层钻井关键技术及其装备的原理、技术特点、适应能力及技术难点。针对深水表层钻井遇到的困难和风险,应建立"预防为主,综合控制"的理念,增加风险预测和监测的研究。钻前应用三维地震等技术对浅层危害进行预测,降低事故发生率;在钻导管段时,将动态压井钻井和旋转导向控制技术联合使用,以提高导管下入的成功率和质量,最终实现"安全、高效、优质"钻井。
Deepwater tophole drilling directly determines whether deepwater drilling operation is successful.Therefore,the problems in deepwater tophole drilling were studied.The key technologies of deepwater tophole drilling,as well as its equipment principle,technological feature,adaptability and technological difficulties,were analyzed and summarized.The key technologies include dynamic well killing,jetting conductor drilling,riserless drilling,dual-gradient drilling,artificial seabed and three-dimensional earthquake.In light of the difficulties and risks in deepwater tophole drilling,the concept of "prevention first and comprehensive control" should be established.Research on risk prediction and monitoring should be strengthened.The technologies,such as three-dimensional earthquake,should be applied to predict shallow-layer hazards before drilling.The well position should be selected carefully.The hazards should be avoided and the accident rate should be reduced.Technologies of jetting conductor setting,dynamic well killing and rotary steering control can be combined to drill the conductor section in order to improve the success rate and quality of conductor setting.Finally,safe,high-efficiency and quality drilling can be achieved.
Deepwater tophole drilling directly determines whether deepwater drilling operation is successful.Therefore,the problems in deepwater tophole drilling were studied.The key technologies of deepwater tophole drilling,as well as its equipment principle,technological feature,adaptability and technological difficulties,were analyzed and summarized.The key technologies include dynamic well killing,jetting conductor drilling,riserless drilling,dual-gradient drilling,artificial seabed and three-dimensional earthquake.In light of the difficulties and risks in deepwater tophole drilling,the concept of "prevention first and comprehensive control" should be established.Research on risk prediction and monitoring should be strengthened.The technologies,such as three-dimensional earthquake,should be applied to predict shallow-layer hazards before drilling.The well position should be selected carefully.The hazards should be avoided and the accident rate should be reduced.Technologies of jetting conductor setting,dynamic well killing and rotary steering control can be combined to drill the conductor section in order to improve the success rate and quality of conductor setting.Finally,safe,high-efficiency and quality drilling can be achieved.
引文
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[19]Cohen J H,Deskins G.Use of lightweight solid additi-ves to reduce the weight of drilling fluid in the riser[R].IADC/SPE99174,2006.
[20]杨树东.深水双梯度钻井空心球注入与分离技术研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学,2007.
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[22]Nader C,Randal W R,Shelander D.Role of3D seis-mic for quantitative shallow hazard assessment in deep-water sediments[J].The Leading Edge,2010,29(8):930-942.
[23]李斌,杨文达,李培廉.利用三维地震资料评估深水井位工程地质灾害[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(1):121-127.
[2]Johnson M,Rowden M.Riserless drilling technique sa-ves time and money by reducing logistics and maximizingborehole stability[R].SPE 71752,2001.
[3]Geng J J,Zhou C S,Zhao Q.Technology of dynamickill drilling for drilling in the superficial layer of deepwa-ter[R].IPTC 15348,2012.
[4]朱荣东,陈平,周建良,等.深水表层钻井随钻压力温度测量仪的研制[J].机械,2012,39(增刊1):93-95.
[5]Beck R D,Jackson C W.Reliable deepwater structuralcasing installation using controlled jetting[R].SPE22542,1991.
[6]Jeanjean P.Innovative design method for deepwater sur-face casings[R].SPE 77357,2002.
[7]Akers T J.Jetting of structural casing in deepwater envi-ronments:Job design and operational practices[R].SPE 102378,2008.
[8]中国石油大学(北京)石油工程学院.深水钻井表层导管施工关键技术研究与应用[J].海洋开发与管理,2012(6):64-66.
[9]Chamat E,Israel R.Efficient and reliable vertical drill-ing of top holes with RSS in deepwater GOM[R].SPE/IADC 151395,2012.
[10]Hamzah R,M'Barecket K M,Sisson K,et al.Integr-ated drilling and evaluation solution to improve malaysiadeepwater exploration drilling efficiency and to mitigatepotential drilling hazard[R].SPE/IADC 156249,2012.
[11]姜伟,蒋世全,盛利民,等.旋转导向钻井工具系统的研究及应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2008,30(5):21-24.
[12]Samuel R,Gradishar J.Casing-running analysis in ri-serless topholes[R].SPE 147189,2011.
[13]Kenneth J,David M.Riserless drilling with casing:Anew paradigm for deepwater well design[R].OTC19914,2009.
[14]姜伟,涂学翔.套管钻井技术首次在我国海上钻井作业中的应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2003,25(3):27-29.
[15]Cohen J H,Kleppe J,Martin T,et al.Gulf of Mexico’s first application of riserless mud recovery for top-hole drill-ing—a case study[R].OTC20939,2010.
[16]Scanlon T,Medeiros F.Enhanced drilling solution for top-hole sections on jack up wells with environmentally-improved method and dual gradient drilling techniques[R].SPE152089,2012.
[17]David J.Deploying the world’s first commercial dual gradient drilling system[R].SPE137319,2010.
[18]Smith K L,Gault A D,Witt D E,et al.Subsea mud lift drilling joint industry project:delivering dual gradi-ent drilling technology to industry[R].SPE71357,2001.
[19]Cohen J H,Deskins G.Use of lightweight solid additi-ves to reduce the weight of drilling fluid in the riser[R].IADC/SPE99174,2006.
[20]杨树东.深水双梯度钻井空心球注入与分离技术研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学,2007.
[21]郭永峰,纪少君,唐长全.引进人工海底概念的深水钻井技术[J].天津科技,2009,36(5):72-73.
[22]Nader C,Randal W R,Shelander D.Role of3D seis-mic for quantitative shallow hazard assessment in deep-water sediments[J].The Leading Edge,2010,29(8):930-942.
[23]李斌,杨文达,李培廉.利用三维地震资料评估深水井位工程地质灾害[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(1):121-127.
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