微差爆破引发黄土场地强地面运动特征研究
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摘要
通过在黄土高原地区典型震陷性黄土场地实施的微差爆破试验,分析研究爆破引发地震动的时程特征、衰减规律和频谱特性。研究结果表明,微差爆破引发的黄土场地强地面运动具有瞬时较大地震动峰值加速度(PGA)和较短持时的基本特征;有效持时是影响震源设计效果的主要因素,爆破地震动具备持时任意接续特征,利用简单接续即可获得持时较长、频谱特征保持一致的合成时程,该时程对测试不同土体(结构)动力响应特征更为有利。随着距场地中心渐远,地震动频谱响应皆有减弱趋势,频率越高减势越明显;同时,频谱H/V值逐渐增大,反映了水平分量与垂直分量之间能量比值的变动关系。爆破的冲击型能量累积过程中,引发强地面运动的低频能量逐渐丰富,与实际地震动特征渐趋相近。
Based on a short delay blasting executed in the typical seismic loess field of Loess Plateau,the time histories characteristics,attenuation laws and frequency spectrum features of ground motion induced by the blasting are investigated.In-situ observation data show that exploding ground motion in loess field has two essential characteristics evidently,i.e.an instantaneous large peak ground acceleration(PGA) and a shorter duration.Analysis results of exploding ground motions reveal that effective duration is the most important factors to influence design effects of a short delay blasting.Independent exploding events in the blasting process have an evident feature that the time histories could be connected each other discretionarily.As a result,the duration of exploding ground motion may be lengthened through this kind of connection work.These connection results of time histories would not influence the spectral characteristics of ground motion induced by the short delay blasting.The new time histories are better in the application of laboratory and field tests to understand the response behaviors of soils and structures.The spectral response of blasting ground motion tends to attenuate with the increase of distance between the center of exploding field and observation points,especially for the high frequency ground motion,which has a greater reduction distinctly.The H/V values of frequency spectrum,meanwhile,become greater with the observational distances increase gradually.This phenomenon figures the variation features between horizontal component and vertical component of exploding ground motion.As the exploding energy accumulates,lower frequency energy of ground motion associates with the blasting increases gradually;and the frequency spectrum features of the ground shock approach an actual seismic oscillation by degrees.
Based on a short delay blasting executed in the typical seismic loess field of Loess Plateau,the time histories characteristics,attenuation laws and frequency spectrum features of ground motion induced by the blasting are investigated.In-situ observation data show that exploding ground motion in loess field has two essential characteristics evidently,i.e.an instantaneous large peak ground acceleration(PGA) and a shorter duration.Analysis results of exploding ground motions reveal that effective duration is the most important factors to influence design effects of a short delay blasting.Independent exploding events in the blasting process have an evident feature that the time histories could be connected each other discretionarily.As a result,the duration of exploding ground motion may be lengthened through this kind of connection work.These connection results of time histories would not influence the spectral characteristics of ground motion induced by the short delay blasting.The new time histories are better in the application of laboratory and field tests to understand the response behaviors of soils and structures.The spectral response of blasting ground motion tends to attenuate with the increase of distance between the center of exploding field and observation points,especially for the high frequency ground motion,which has a greater reduction distinctly.The H/V values of frequency spectrum,meanwhile,become greater with the observational distances increase gradually.This phenomenon figures the variation features between horizontal component and vertical component of exploding ground motion.As the exploding energy accumulates,lower frequency energy of ground motion associates with the blasting increases gradually;and the frequency spectrum features of the ground shock approach an actual seismic oscillation by degrees.
引文
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[12]杨伟林,杨柏坡.爆破地震动效应的数值模拟分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(1):8–13.(YANG Weilin,YANG Baipo.Numerical analysis of explosion seismic effect[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(1):8–13.(in Chinese))
[13]于海英,于双久.工程爆破场地地震动强度预测研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(1):122–129.(YU Haiying,YU Shuangjiu.Study on forecasting intensity of ground motion induced by engineering explosion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2004,24(1):122–129.(in Chinese))
[14]钱七虎,陈士海.爆破地震效应[J].爆破,2004,21(2):1–5.(QIAN Qihu,CHEN Shihai.Blasting vibration effect[J].Blasting,2004,21(2):1–5.(in Chinese))
[15]娄建武,龙源.基于反应谱值分析的爆破震动破坏评估研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2003,23(1):41–46.(LOU Jianwu,LONG Yuan.Study on blasting vibration damage based on response spectrum[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2003,23(1):41–46.(in Chinese))
[16]WANG L M,HE K M,SHI Y C,et al.Study on liquefaction of saturated loess by in-situ explosion test[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2002,1(1):50–56.
[17]宗琦,汪海波,周胜兵.爆破地震效应的监测和控制技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):938–945.(ZONG Qi,WANG Haibo,ZHOU Shengbing.Research on monitoring and controlling techniques considering effects of seismic shock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(5):938–945.(in Chinese))
[18]雷祥义.中国黄土的孔隙类型与湿陷性[J].中国科学:B辑,1987,17(12):1 309–1 316.(LEI Xiangyi.Pore type and collapsibility of loess in China[J].Science in China:Series B,1987,17(12):1 309–1 316.(in Chinese))
[19]王永焱,滕志宏.中国黄土的微结构及其在时代上和区域上的变化[J].科学通报,1982,27(2):102–105.(WANG Yongyan,TENG Zhihong.A study of loess microstructure and its variation with age and region in China based on the scanning electron microscope[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1982,27(2):102–105.(in Chinese))
[20]王兰民.黄土动力学[M].1版,北京:地震出版社,2003:5,106.(WANG Lanmin.Loess dynamics[M].1st ed,Beijing:Earthquake Press,2003:5,106.(in Chinese))
[2]JEMBERIE A L.Study of sediment nonlinearity using explosion data in the Mississippi embayment[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2008,165(9/10):1 835–1 860.
[3]CUI S J,CHEONG H K,HAO H.Elastic-plastic dynamic response and buckling of steel columns under strong vertical ground motion[J].Key Engineering Materials,2003,233/236(Part 1):217–222.
[4]MA G W,HAO H,LU Y.Distributed structural damage generated by high-frequency ground motion[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2002,128(1/3):390–399.
[5]MA G W,HAO H,ZHOU Y X.Assessment of structure damage to blasting induced ground motions[J].Engineering Structures,2000,22(10):1 378–1 389.
[6]NEGMATULLAEY S K,TODOROVSKA M I,TRIFUNAC M D.Simulation of strong earthquake motion by explosions experiments at the Lyaur testing range in Tajikistan[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,1999,18(3):189–207.
[7]KUMARI R,LAL H,BOLA M S.Damage evaluation of structures?3738?岩石力学与工程学报2011年subjected to the effects of underground explosions[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Structural Failure and Plasticity.Melbourne,Australia:[s.n.],2000:179–184.
[8]田运生.爆破地震地面运动的演变功率谱密度函数分析[J].爆炸与冲击,2007,27(1):7–11.(TIAN Yunsheng.Analysis of evolutionary power spectra density function of ground motion induced by blasting seismic[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2007,27(1):7–11.(in Chinese))
[9]陈士海,马方兴,魏海霞.爆破地震动三向荷载分量对结构动态响应研究[J].山东科技大学学报:自然科学版,2006,25(4):39–42.(CHEN Shihai,MA Fangxing,WEI Haixia.Study on effect of 3D load components of blasting vibration on structural dynamic response[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology:Natural Science,2006,25(4):39–42.(in Chinese))
[10]刘满堂,陈庆寿,李子富.单质点弹性体系建筑结构的爆破地震动力响应分析研究[J].爆破,2005,22(3):112–114.(LIU Mantang,CHEN Qingshou,LI Zifu.Study on single particle system architectural structure dynamic response to blasting earthquake[J].Blasting,2005,22(3):112–114.(in Chinese))
[11]刘满堂,陈庆寿.多质点弹性体系建筑结构的爆破地震动力响应分析探讨[J].爆破,2006,23(3):25–27.(LIU Mantang,CHEN Qingshou.Study on dynamic response to blasting earthquake of the Multi-particle system[J].Blasting,2006,23(3):25–27.(in Chinese))
[12]杨伟林,杨柏坡.爆破地震动效应的数值模拟分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(1):8–13.(YANG Weilin,YANG Baipo.Numerical analysis of explosion seismic effect[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(1):8–13.(in Chinese))
[13]于海英,于双久.工程爆破场地地震动强度预测研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(1):122–129.(YU Haiying,YU Shuangjiu.Study on forecasting intensity of ground motion induced by engineering explosion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2004,24(1):122–129.(in Chinese))
[14]钱七虎,陈士海.爆破地震效应[J].爆破,2004,21(2):1–5.(QIAN Qihu,CHEN Shihai.Blasting vibration effect[J].Blasting,2004,21(2):1–5.(in Chinese))
[15]娄建武,龙源.基于反应谱值分析的爆破震动破坏评估研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2003,23(1):41–46.(LOU Jianwu,LONG Yuan.Study on blasting vibration damage based on response spectrum[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2003,23(1):41–46.(in Chinese))
[16]WANG L M,HE K M,SHI Y C,et al.Study on liquefaction of saturated loess by in-situ explosion test[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2002,1(1):50–56.
[17]宗琦,汪海波,周胜兵.爆破地震效应的监测和控制技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):938–945.(ZONG Qi,WANG Haibo,ZHOU Shengbing.Research on monitoring and controlling techniques considering effects of seismic shock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(5):938–945.(in Chinese))
[18]雷祥义.中国黄土的孔隙类型与湿陷性[J].中国科学:B辑,1987,17(12):1 309–1 316.(LEI Xiangyi.Pore type and collapsibility of loess in China[J].Science in China:Series B,1987,17(12):1 309–1 316.(in Chinese))
[19]王永焱,滕志宏.中国黄土的微结构及其在时代上和区域上的变化[J].科学通报,1982,27(2):102–105.(WANG Yongyan,TENG Zhihong.A study of loess microstructure and its variation with age and region in China based on the scanning electron microscope[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1982,27(2):102–105.(in Chinese))
[20]王兰民.黄土动力学[M].1版,北京:地震出版社,2003:5,106.(WANG Lanmin.Loess dynamics[M].1st ed,Beijing:Earthquake Press,2003:5,106.(in Chinese))
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