边坡动力破坏特征的振动台模型试验与数值分析
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摘要
采用大型振动台模型试验,输入幅值逐级增大的地震波,直到边坡破坏,得到边坡动力破坏特征:上部拉裂缝和下部剪切滑移面形成贯通的破裂面,滑体上监测点位移和加速度响应突变,表明边坡已经发生破坏,且坡顶局部块体在地震作用下发生抛射现象。采用FLAC动力差分软件通过逐渐加大输入地震波幅值,模拟模型边坡振动台试验过程,证实拉裂缝与剪切滑移面贯通是边坡动力破坏的必要条件,位移和加速度响应突变可以作为边坡动力破坏的判据。振动台试验和数值计算在边坡动力破坏三个特征上吻合较好,证明振动台模型试验结果的合理性,也证明数值分析方法的可靠性。
By inputting the seismic wave with step-by-step increased amplitude until the slope fails,large-scale shaking table model tests were carried out to study the dynamic failure characteristics of slope.It is found the upper tension crack connected with the lower shear sliding surface runs through the slope,while the displacement and acceleration response at monitoring points mutate,indicating that the slope failure may occur.In addition,block masses at some parts of slope crest may be thrown due to the earthquake shock.By gradually increasing the input amplitude of seismic wave using the dynamic differential software FLAC,the slope model was simulated on the shaking table.It was approved that the tension crack connected with the shear sliding surface running through the entire slope is a necessary condition of slope dynamic failure and the mutation of displacement and acceleration response may be regarded as the criterion of estimating slope dynamic failure.As to the three characteristics of the slope dynamic failure,the shaking table model test conforms well to the numerical simulations,validating that the results of shaking table model test are reasonable and the numerical simulation method is reliable.
By inputting the seismic wave with step-by-step increased amplitude until the slope fails,large-scale shaking table model tests were carried out to study the dynamic failure characteristics of slope.It is found the upper tension crack connected with the lower shear sliding surface runs through the slope,while the displacement and acceleration response at monitoring points mutate,indicating that the slope failure may occur.In addition,block masses at some parts of slope crest may be thrown due to the earthquake shock.By gradually increasing the input amplitude of seismic wave using the dynamic differential software FLAC,the slope model was simulated on the shaking table.It was approved that the tension crack connected with the shear sliding surface running through the entire slope is a necessary condition of slope dynamic failure and the mutation of displacement and acceleration response may be regarded as the criterion of estimating slope dynamic failure.As to the three characteristics of the slope dynamic failure,the shaking table model test conforms well to the numerical simulations,validating that the results of shaking table model test are reasonable and the numerical simulation method is reliable.
引文
[1]Kutter B L.Centrifugal modeling of the response of clayembankments to earthquakes[D].Cambridge:Cambridge University,1982
[2]Stamatopoulos C A,Bassanou M,Brennan A J,et al.Mitigation of the seismic motion near the edge of cliff-typetopographies[J].Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,2007,27(12):1082-1100
[3]Wartman J.Physical model studies of seismically induceddeformations in slopes[D].Berkeley,California:University of California,1999
[4]Wright S G,Rathje E M.Triggering mechanisms of slopeinstability and their relationship to earthquakes andtsunamis[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2003,160(10/11):1865-1877
[5]Lin M L,Wang K L.Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test[J].Engineering Geology,2006,86(2):118-133
[6]Katz O,Aharonov E.Landslides in vibrating sand box:What controls types of slope failure and frequencymagnitude relations?[J].Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,2006,247(3):280-294
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[8]郑颖人,赵尚毅.有限元强度折减法在土坡与岩坡中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3381-3388(Zheng Yingren,Zhao Shangyi.Application ofstrength reduction FEM in soil and rock slope[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(19):3381-3388(in Chinese))
[9]赵尚毅,郑颖人,张玉芳.极限分析有限元法讲座——Ⅱ有限元强度折减法中边坡失稳的判据探讨[J].岩土力学,2005,26(2):332-336(Zhao Shangyi,ZhengYingren,Zhang Yufang.Study on slope failure criterion instrength reduction finite element method[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2005,26(2):332-336(in Chinese))
[10]郑颖人,赵尚毅,邓楚键,等.有限元极限分析法发展及其在岩土工程中的应用[J].中国工程科学,2006,8(12):39-61(Zheng Yingren,Zhao Shangyi,DengChujian,et al.Development of finite element limit analysismethod and its applications in geotechnical engineering[J].Engineering Science,2006,8(12):39-61(in Chinese))
[11]李海波,肖克强,刘亚群.地震荷载作用下顺层岩质边坡安全系数分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2385-2394(Li Haibo,Xiao Keqiang,Liu Yaqun.Factor of safety analysis of bedding rock slope underseismic load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2007,26(12):2385-2394(in Chinese))
[12]戴妙林,李同春.基于降强法数值计算的复杂岩质边坡动力稳定性安全评价分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):2749-2754(Dai Miaolin,Li Tongchun.Analysis of dynamic stability safety evaluation for complexrock slopes by strength reduction numerical method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(S1):2749-2754(in Chinese))
[13]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋.地震边坡破坏机制及其破裂面的分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1714-1723(Zheng Yingren,Ye Hailin,HuangRunqiu.Analysis and discussion of failure mechanism andfracture surface of slope under earthquake[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1714-1723(in Chinese))
[14]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋,等.边坡地震稳定性分析探讨[J].地震工程与工程振动,2010,30(2):173-180(Zheng Yingren,Ye Hailin,Huang Runqiu,et al.Journalof Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2010,30(2):173-180(in Chinese))
[15]Iai S.Similitude for shaking table tests on soil-structurefluid model in 1-g gravitational field[J].Soils andFoundations,1989,29(1):105-118
[16]Itasca Consulting Group.FLAC 3D(Fast lagrangiananalysis 3D)user’s manual—Section 3:dynamic analysis[M].Minnesota:Itasca Consulting Group,2003
[2]Stamatopoulos C A,Bassanou M,Brennan A J,et al.Mitigation of the seismic motion near the edge of cliff-typetopographies[J].Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,2007,27(12):1082-1100
[3]Wartman J.Physical model studies of seismically induceddeformations in slopes[D].Berkeley,California:University of California,1999
[4]Wright S G,Rathje E M.Triggering mechanisms of slopeinstability and their relationship to earthquakes andtsunamis[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2003,160(10/11):1865-1877
[5]Lin M L,Wang K L.Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test[J].Engineering Geology,2006,86(2):118-133
[6]Katz O,Aharonov E.Landslides in vibrating sand box:What controls types of slope failure and frequencymagnitude relations?[J].Earth and Planetary ScienceLetters,2006,247(3):280-294
[7]徐光兴,姚令侃,高召宁,等.边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):624-632(Xu Guangxing,Yao Lingkan,Gao Zhaoning,et al.Large-scale shaking table model teststudy on dynamic characteristics and dynamic responses ofslope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2008,27(3):624-632(in Chinese))
[8]郑颖人,赵尚毅.有限元强度折减法在土坡与岩坡中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3381-3388(Zheng Yingren,Zhao Shangyi.Application ofstrength reduction FEM in soil and rock slope[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(19):3381-3388(in Chinese))
[9]赵尚毅,郑颖人,张玉芳.极限分析有限元法讲座——Ⅱ有限元强度折减法中边坡失稳的判据探讨[J].岩土力学,2005,26(2):332-336(Zhao Shangyi,ZhengYingren,Zhang Yufang.Study on slope failure criterion instrength reduction finite element method[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2005,26(2):332-336(in Chinese))
[10]郑颖人,赵尚毅,邓楚键,等.有限元极限分析法发展及其在岩土工程中的应用[J].中国工程科学,2006,8(12):39-61(Zheng Yingren,Zhao Shangyi,DengChujian,et al.Development of finite element limit analysismethod and its applications in geotechnical engineering[J].Engineering Science,2006,8(12):39-61(in Chinese))
[11]李海波,肖克强,刘亚群.地震荷载作用下顺层岩质边坡安全系数分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2385-2394(Li Haibo,Xiao Keqiang,Liu Yaqun.Factor of safety analysis of bedding rock slope underseismic load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2007,26(12):2385-2394(in Chinese))
[12]戴妙林,李同春.基于降强法数值计算的复杂岩质边坡动力稳定性安全评价分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):2749-2754(Dai Miaolin,Li Tongchun.Analysis of dynamic stability safety evaluation for complexrock slopes by strength reduction numerical method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(S1):2749-2754(in Chinese))
[13]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋.地震边坡破坏机制及其破裂面的分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1714-1723(Zheng Yingren,Ye Hailin,HuangRunqiu.Analysis and discussion of failure mechanism andfracture surface of slope under earthquake[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1714-1723(in Chinese))
[14]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋,等.边坡地震稳定性分析探讨[J].地震工程与工程振动,2010,30(2):173-180(Zheng Yingren,Ye Hailin,Huang Runqiu,et al.Journalof Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2010,30(2):173-180(in Chinese))
[15]Iai S.Similitude for shaking table tests on soil-structurefluid model in 1-g gravitational field[J].Soils andFoundations,1989,29(1):105-118
[16]Itasca Consulting Group.FLAC 3D(Fast lagrangiananalysis 3D)user’s manual—Section 3:dynamic analysis[M].Minnesota:Itasca Consulting Group,2003
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