仿真变压器套管体系振动台试验研究
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摘要
变压器是变电系统中的核心设备,在历次地震中的损坏极其严重,其中瓷质套管根部断裂是其典型破坏特征。采用仿真变压器-套管体系进行振动台试验研究,通过白噪声扫频和抗震试验,测定箱体和套管关键部位的位移、应变和加速度,从而分析升高座结构型式和套管法兰对套管响应的影响。结果表明,箱体侧壁(顶盖)的面外变形和套管法兰的转动引起了套管的整体摆动,从而导致套管响应放大;套管根部加速度响应的放大系数比规范中指定参数偏大。
Transformers are key components in power distribution systems, however they were seriously damaged in previous earthquakes and the cracks and breakage at the roots of porcelain bushings were typical features of the damages. The mock transformer-bushing system located on the MTS shaking table was used to study the displacements, strains and accelerations of key parts on the tank and bushings during earthquake through broadband white-noise tests and ground motions tests, and then the influences of turrets and bottom flange on seismic response of bashings are analyzed. Experimental results show that the out-of-plane deformation of side-wall of the tank and the top cover of the transformer and the rotation of bottom flange lead to overall oscillation of the bushing, thus the response of the bushing is amplified; the amplification coefficient of acceleration response at the root of the bushing is larger than the parameter specified in technical specification.
Transformers are key components in power distribution systems, however they were seriously damaged in previous earthquakes and the cracks and breakage at the roots of porcelain bushings were typical features of the damages. The mock transformer-bushing system located on the MTS shaking table was used to study the displacements, strains and accelerations of key parts on the tank and bushings during earthquake through broadband white-noise tests and ground motions tests, and then the influences of turrets and bottom flange on seismic response of bashings are analyzed. Experimental results show that the out-of-plane deformation of side-wall of the tank and the top cover of the transformer and the rotation of bottom flange lead to overall oscillation of the bushing, thus the response of the bushing is amplified; the amplification coefficient of acceleration response at the root of the bushing is larger than the parameter specified in technical specification.
引文
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[7]AIJ,JSCE,JGS.Report on the damage investigation of the Kocaeliearthquake in Turkey[M].Tokyo:Maruse Press,2001:194-195.
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[9]東京電力株式会社.新潟県中越沖地震における所内変圧器火災状況および課題解決に向けた取組みについて[EB/OL].[2007-09-25].http://www.nsc.go.jp/senmon/shidai/kasai/kasai001/siryo1-2.pdf.
[10]谢强,朱瑞元,屈文俊.汶川地震中500 kV大型变压器震害机制分析[J].电网技术,2011,35(3):227-232.Xie Qiang,Zhu Ruiyuan,Qu Wenjun.Analysis on seismic failuremechanism of 500 kV high-power transformer during Wenchuanearthquake[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(3):227-232(in Chinese).
[11]谢强,朱瑞元.大型变压器抗震性能研究现状与进展[J].变压器,2011,48(1):26-31.Xie Qiang,Zhu Ruiyuan.Research state and development of seismicperformance of large transformer[J].Transformer,2011,48(1):26-31(in Chinese).
[12]Xie Qiang,Zhu Ruiyuan.Damage to electric power grid infrastructurecaused by natural disasters in China[J].IEEE Power and EnergyMagazine,2011,9(2):28-36.
[13]Bellorini S,Bettinali F.Seismic qualification of transformer high voltagebushings[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1998,13(4):1208-1213.
[14]Villaverde R,Pardoen G C,Carnalla S,et al.Ground motionamplification at flange level of bushings mounted on electricsubstation transformers[J].Earthquake Engineering and StructuralDynamics,2001,30(5):621-632.
[15]Gilani A S,Whittaker A S,Fenves G L,et al.Seismic evaluation of196 kV porcelain transformer bushing[R].Richmond:PEER,1999.
[16]Gilani AS,WhittakerAS,Fenves G L,et al.Seismic evaluation and retrofitof 230 kV porcelain transformer bushings[R].Richmond:PEER,1999.
[17]Gilani A S,Whittaker A S,Fenves G L,et al.Seismic evaluation of550 kV porcelain transformer bushings[R].Richmond:PEER,1999.
[18]Filiatrault A,Matt H.Experimental seismic response of high-voltagetransformer-bushing systems[J].Earthquake Spectra,2005,21(4):1009-1025.
[19]李子国,景丽英.S7-200/10型变压器抗震分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,1997,17(4):99-105.Li Ziguo,Jing Liying.Seismic response analysis for S7-200/10 powertransformer structure[J].Earthquake Engineering and EngineeringVibration,1997,17(4):99-105(in Chinese).
[20]郭振岩.变压器抗地震性能的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2004.
[21]曹枚根,周福霖,谭平,等.大型电力变压器及套管振动台抗震试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2011,30(11):122-129.Cao Meigen,Zhou Fulin,Tanping,et al.Shaking table test on seismicperformance of large power transformer with bushings[J].Journal ofVibration and Shock,2011,30(11):122-129(in Chinese).
[22]谢强,朱瑞元,周勇,等.220 kV隔离开关地震模拟振动台试验[J].电网技术,2012,36(9):262-267.Xie Qiang,Zhu Ruiyuan,Zhou Yong,et al.Shake table test on 220kV disconnecting switch[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(9):262-267(in Chinese).
[23]Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.IEEE Std-693—2005Recommended practice for seismic design of substations[S].NewYork:IEEE Press,2006.
[24]日本電学会.JEAG5003—1998電所等における電設備の耐震設計指針[S].东京:日本電学会,1998.
[25]中华人民共和国电力工业部.GB50260—1996电力设施抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1996.
[2]谢强.电力系统的地震灾害研究现状与应急响应[J].电力建设,2008,29(8):1-6.Xie Qiang.State-of-the-art of seismic disaster research and emergencyresponse of electric power system[J].Electric Power Construction,2008,29(8):1-6(in Chinese).
[3]谢强,朱瑞元,屈文俊.汶川地震中500kV大型变压器震害机制分析[J].电网技术,2011,35(3):221-226.Xie Qiang,Zhu Ruiyuan,Qu Wenjun.Analysis on seismic failuremechanism of 500 kV high-power transformer during Wenchuan earth-quake[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(3):221-226(in Chinese).
[4]谢强,朱瑞元,周勇,等.220kV隔离开关地震模拟振动台试验[J].电网技术,2012,36(9):262-267.Xie Qiang,Zhu Ruiyuan,Zhou Yong,et al.Shake table test on 220kVdisconnecting switch[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(9):262-267(in Chinese).
[5]ASCE-TCLEE.Northridge earthquake lifeline performance andpost-earthquake response[R].New York:American Society of CivilEngineering Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering,1997.
[6]日本建築学会.阪神淡路大震災調查報告共通編3:都市防災システム[M].东京:日本丸善株式会社,1998:268-271.
[7]AIJ,JSCE,JGS.Report on the damage investigation of the Kocaeliearthquake in Turkey[M].Tokyo:Maruse Press,2001:194-195.
[8]佐藤浩章,佐藤清隆,当麻纯一,等.2000年鸟取县西部地震における変压器被害の要因の究明[R].东京:日本电力中央研究所,2001.
[9]東京電力株式会社.新潟県中越沖地震における所内変圧器火災状況および課題解決に向けた取組みについて[EB/OL].[2007-09-25].http://www.nsc.go.jp/senmon/shidai/kasai/kasai001/siryo1-2.pdf.
[10]谢强,朱瑞元,屈文俊.汶川地震中500 kV大型变压器震害机制分析[J].电网技术,2011,35(3):227-232.Xie Qiang,Zhu Ruiyuan,Qu Wenjun.Analysis on seismic failuremechanism of 500 kV high-power transformer during Wenchuanearthquake[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(3):227-232(in Chinese).
[11]谢强,朱瑞元.大型变压器抗震性能研究现状与进展[J].变压器,2011,48(1):26-31.Xie Qiang,Zhu Ruiyuan.Research state and development of seismicperformance of large transformer[J].Transformer,2011,48(1):26-31(in Chinese).
[12]Xie Qiang,Zhu Ruiyuan.Damage to electric power grid infrastructurecaused by natural disasters in China[J].IEEE Power and EnergyMagazine,2011,9(2):28-36.
[13]Bellorini S,Bettinali F.Seismic qualification of transformer high voltagebushings[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1998,13(4):1208-1213.
[14]Villaverde R,Pardoen G C,Carnalla S,et al.Ground motionamplification at flange level of bushings mounted on electricsubstation transformers[J].Earthquake Engineering and StructuralDynamics,2001,30(5):621-632.
[15]Gilani A S,Whittaker A S,Fenves G L,et al.Seismic evaluation of196 kV porcelain transformer bushing[R].Richmond:PEER,1999.
[16]Gilani AS,WhittakerAS,Fenves G L,et al.Seismic evaluation and retrofitof 230 kV porcelain transformer bushings[R].Richmond:PEER,1999.
[17]Gilani A S,Whittaker A S,Fenves G L,et al.Seismic evaluation of550 kV porcelain transformer bushings[R].Richmond:PEER,1999.
[18]Filiatrault A,Matt H.Experimental seismic response of high-voltagetransformer-bushing systems[J].Earthquake Spectra,2005,21(4):1009-1025.
[19]李子国,景丽英.S7-200/10型变压器抗震分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,1997,17(4):99-105.Li Ziguo,Jing Liying.Seismic response analysis for S7-200/10 powertransformer structure[J].Earthquake Engineering and EngineeringVibration,1997,17(4):99-105(in Chinese).
[20]郭振岩.变压器抗地震性能的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2004.
[21]曹枚根,周福霖,谭平,等.大型电力变压器及套管振动台抗震试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2011,30(11):122-129.Cao Meigen,Zhou Fulin,Tanping,et al.Shaking table test on seismicperformance of large power transformer with bushings[J].Journal ofVibration and Shock,2011,30(11):122-129(in Chinese).
[22]谢强,朱瑞元,周勇,等.220 kV隔离开关地震模拟振动台试验[J].电网技术,2012,36(9):262-267.Xie Qiang,Zhu Ruiyuan,Zhou Yong,et al.Shake table test on 220kV disconnecting switch[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(9):262-267(in Chinese).
[23]Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.IEEE Std-693—2005Recommended practice for seismic design of substations[S].NewYork:IEEE Press,2006.
[24]日本電学会.JEAG5003—1998電所等における電設備の耐震設計指針[S].东京:日本電学会,1998.
[25]中华人民共和国电力工业部.GB50260—1996电力设施抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1996.
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