既有钢筋混凝土结构抗震设防目标与性能评估
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摘要
以基于性能的抗震设计与评估理论为基础,考虑既有钢筋混凝土结构性能特点,结合我国现行抗震设计规范,对国内外规范及相关研究成果进行对比分析,给出既有建筑地震作用取值方法、抗震设防性能目标及性能指标的量化标准。给出既有建筑结构有限元分析模型的建立方法,形成较为系统的既有建筑抗震性能评价体系,其实用性及有效性通过对某一实际工程进行的抗震性能评估得以验证。分析结果表明:既有建筑结构抗震性能较拟建之初有明显降低,有必要建立既有建筑结构有限元分析模型。在进行抗震性能评估时,为获得较合理的评估结果,应根据后续使用期确定相应地震作用取值。结合给出的抗震性能目标、性能指标及其量化标准,该评价体系能够对既有钢筋混凝土结构进行合理、可靠的抗震性能评估。
The establishment of the framework for seismic performance evaluation of existing reinforced concrete(RC) structures has the vital significance for the reasonable performance assessment of existing structures.In this study,based on the theory of performance-based design and assessment and the current code for seismic design of buildings,considering the properties of existing RC structures,the design codes of China and other countries and relevant research results were comparatively studied.The calculation method of earthquake action on existing RC structures was proposed.The seismic performance objectives and the quantity of performance indices were presented.And the method of performing finite element analysis of existing RC structures was discussed.The framework for seismic performance evaluation of existing RC structures was established.The potential and efficiency of the proposed method was verified against a numerical example.The analysis results indicate that the capacity of the existing structure deteriorates compared with the newly built structure,and the corresponding finite element analysis should be carried out.In addition,the modification of the earthquake action should be performed in order to obtain reasonable results.More reasonable results can be obtained by performing the proposed method combining the proposed seismic performance objectives.
The establishment of the framework for seismic performance evaluation of existing reinforced concrete(RC) structures has the vital significance for the reasonable performance assessment of existing structures.In this study,based on the theory of performance-based design and assessment and the current code for seismic design of buildings,considering the properties of existing RC structures,the design codes of China and other countries and relevant research results were comparatively studied.The calculation method of earthquake action on existing RC structures was proposed.The seismic performance objectives and the quantity of performance indices were presented.And the method of performing finite element analysis of existing RC structures was discussed.The framework for seismic performance evaluation of existing RC structures was established.The potential and efficiency of the proposed method was verified against a numerical example.The analysis results indicate that the capacity of the existing structure deteriorates compared with the newly built structure,and the corresponding finite element analysis should be carried out.In addition,the modification of the earthquake action should be performed in order to obtain reasonable results.More reasonable results can be obtained by performing the proposed method combining the proposed seismic performance objectives.
引文
[1]李宏男,肖诗云,霍林生.汶川地震震害调查与启示[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):10-19.(LIHongnan,XIAO Shiyun,HUO Linsheng.Damageinvestigation and analysis of engineering structures inthe Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of BuildingStructures,2008,29(4):10-19.(in Chinese))
[2]Park R,Paulay T.Reinforced concrete structures[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1975:1-10.
[3]California Office of Emergency Services.Performancebased seismic engineering of buildings[S].Version2000.California:Version 2000 Committee,StructuralEngineering Association of California,1995.
[4]FEMA 273/274.NEHRP commentary on the guidelinefor the rehabilitation of building[S].Washington DC:Federal Emergency Management Agency,1996.
[5]ATC-40 Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concretebuildings[S].Redwood City,CA:Applied TechnologyCouncil,1996.
[6]Deierlein G G,Krawinkler H,Cornell C A.Aframework for performance-based earthquakeengineering[R].Paper No.140.Christchurch,NewZealand:New Zealand Society for EarthquakeEngineering,2003.
[7]Moehle J P,Deierlein G G.A framework methodologyfor performance-based earthquake engineering[C]//Proceedings of 13th Word Conference on EarthquakeEngineering.Paper No.679.Vancouver BC,Canada:13 WCEE Secretariat,2004.
[8]GB50011—2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.(GB50011—2010Seismic design code for buildings[S].Beijing:ChinaArchitecture&Building Press,2010.(in Chinese))
[9]高小旺,鲍霭斌.地震作用的概率模型及其统计参数[J].地震工程与振动,1985,5(1):13-22.(GaoXiaowang,Bao Aibin.Probabilistic model and itsstatistical parameters for seismic load[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,1985,5(1):13-22.(in Chinese))
[10]李杰,李国强.地震工程学导论[M].北京:地震出版社,1992:286.(Li Jie,Li Guoqiang.EarthquakeEngineering[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1992:286(in Chinese))
[11]孙彬.在役钢筋混凝土结构的性能退化与抗震性能评估[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2006:94-100.(Sun Bin.Structural performance degrading andseismic evaluation of existing reinforced concretestructures[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University ofArchitecture and Technology,2006:94-100.(inChinese))
[12]周锡元,曾德民,高晓安.估计不同服役期结构的抗震设防水准的简单方法[J].建筑结构,2002,32(1):37-40.(Zhou Xiyuan,Zeng Demin,Gao Xiaoan.Simplified method for evaluating seismic designintensities structures with various service periods[J].Building Structure,2002,32(1):37-40.(inChinese))
[13]门进杰,史庆轩,周琦.框架结构基于性能的抗震设防目标和性能指标的量化[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(9):76-82.(Men Jinjie,Shi Qingxuan,ZhouQi.Performance-based seismic fortification criterionand quantified performance index for reinforced concreteframe structures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(9):76-82.(in Chinese))
[14]刘恢先,卢荣俭,陈达生,宋雅桐.修订我国地震烈度表的一个建议方案:第四集[R].北京:科学出版社,1981:1-13.
[15]FEMA 356 NEHRP commentary on the guideline forthe rehabilitation of building[S].Washington DC:Federal Emergency Management Agency,2000.
[16]季静,肖启艳,黄超,韩小雷,李首方.基于性能的钢筋混凝土剪力墙受弯破坏变形限值的研究[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(9):35-41.(JI Jing,XIAOQiyan,HUANG Chao,HAN Xiaolei,LI Shoufang.Research on deformation limits of performance-basedRC shear walls controlled by flexure[J].Journal ofBuilding Structures,2010,31(9):35-41.(inChinese))
[17]邓明科,良兴文,辛力.剪力墙结构基于性能抗震设计的目标层间位移确定方法[J].工程力学,2008,25(11):141-148.(Deng Mingke,Liang Xingwen,XinLi.Determination of target story drift for RC shear wallstructure in performance-based seismic design[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(11):141-148.(inChinese))
[18]贡金鑫,李金波,赵国藩.受腐蚀钢筋混凝土构件的恢复力模型[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(11):38-44.(Gong Jinxin,Li Jinbo,Zhao Guofan.Restoringforce model of corroded reinforced concrete elements[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2005,38(11):38-44.(in Chinese))
[19]史庆轩,牛狄涛,颜桂云.反复荷载作用下锈蚀钢筋混凝土压弯构件恢复力性能的试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):44-50.(Shi Qingxuan,Niu Ditao,Yan Guiyun.Experimental research onhysteretic characteristics of corroded RC members withflexural and compressive axial loads under repeatedhorizontal loading[J].Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2000,20(4):44-50.(inChinese))
[20]王学民.锈蚀钢筋混凝土构件抗震性能试验与恢复力模型研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2003:28-40.(Wang Xuemin.Research of seismic performanceand hysteretic model of corroded reinforced concretemembers[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architectureand Technology,2003:28-40.(in Chinese))
[21]欧进萍,吴波.有损伤压弯构件的恢复力试验研究及其应用[J].建筑结构学报,1995,16(6):21-29.(OU Jinping,WU Bo.Experimental research onrestoring force of damaged compresson-flexcuremembers and its applications[J].Journal of BuildingStructures,1995,16(6):21-29.(in Chinese))
[22]张宇,李宏男,李钢.考虑钢筋锈蚀的震损结构抗震性能评估[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2011,28(4):97-105.(Zhang Yu,Li Hongnan,Li Gang.Seismicevaluation of damaged structures caused by earthquakeand corrosion[J].Journal of Architecture and CivilEngineering,2011,28(4):97-105.(in Chinese))
[23]Spacone E,Filippou F C,Taucer F F.Fibre beam-column model for nonlinear analysis of RC frames:partI:formulation[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamics,1996,25(7):711-725.
[24]吴庆,袁迎曙.锈蚀钢筋力学性能退化规律试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(12):42-47.(WuQing,Yuan Yingshu.Experimental study on thedeterioration of mechanical properties of corroded steelbars[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(12):42-47.(in Chinese))
[25]Abdullah A Almusallam.Effect of degree of corrosionon the properties of reinforcing steel bars[J].Construction and Building Materials,2001,15(8):361-368.
[26]商怀帅,宋玉普,覃丽坤.普通混凝土冻融循环后性能的试验研究[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2005(2):9-11.(Shang Huaishuai,Song Yupu,Tan Likun.Experimental study on properties of concrete afterfreezing and thawing cycles[J].China Concrete andCement Products,2005(2):9-11.(in Chinese))
[27]祝金鹏,李术才,刘宪波,刘敏.冻融环境下混凝土力学性能退化模型[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2009,26(1):62-67.(Zhu Jinpeng,Li Shucai,LiuXianbo,Liu Min.Mechanical property deteriorationmodel for concrete in environment with freezing-thawing[J].Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering,2009,26(1):62-67.(in Chinese))
[28]刘西拉,唐光普.现场环境下混凝土冻融耐久性预测方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2412-2419.(Liu Xila,Tang Guangpu.Researchon prediction method of concrete freeze-thaw durabilityunder field environments[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2412-2419.(in Chinese))
[29]Freeman S A,Nicoletti J P,Tyrdl J V.Evaluation ofexisting buildings for seismic risk:a case study of pugetsound naval shipyard[C]//Proceedings of the First USNational Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Oakland,CA:Earthquake Engineering ResearchInstitute,1975:113-122.
[30]Chopra A K,Eeri M,Goel R K.Capacity-demand-diagram methods based on inelastic design spectrum[J].Earthquake Spectra,1999,15(4):637-656.
[31]Fajfar P,Gaspersic P.The N2 method for the seismicdamage analysis of RC buildings[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,1996,25(1):31-46.
[32]Chopra A K,Goel R K.A modal pushover analysisprocedure for estimating seismic demands for buildings[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2002,31(3):561-582.
[33]Chopra A K,Goel R K,Chintanapakdee C.Evaluationof a modified MPA procedure assuming higher modes aselastic to estimate seismic demands[J].EarthquakeSpectra,2004,20(3):757-778.
[34]Kalkan E,Kunnath S K.Adaptive modal combinationprocedure for nonlinear static analysis of buildingstructures[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2006,132(11):1721-1731.
[35]Chopra A K,Goel R K.Capacity-demand-diagrammethods for estimating seismic deformation of inelasticstructures:SDOF systems[R/OL].Report No.PEER-1999/02.Berkeley,CA:Pacific Earthquake EngineeringResearch Center,University of California,Berkeley,1999.[2012-10-16]http://peer.berkeley.edu/publications/peer_reports/reports_1999/9902.pdf.
[2]Park R,Paulay T.Reinforced concrete structures[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1975:1-10.
[3]California Office of Emergency Services.Performancebased seismic engineering of buildings[S].Version2000.California:Version 2000 Committee,StructuralEngineering Association of California,1995.
[4]FEMA 273/274.NEHRP commentary on the guidelinefor the rehabilitation of building[S].Washington DC:Federal Emergency Management Agency,1996.
[5]ATC-40 Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concretebuildings[S].Redwood City,CA:Applied TechnologyCouncil,1996.
[6]Deierlein G G,Krawinkler H,Cornell C A.Aframework for performance-based earthquakeengineering[R].Paper No.140.Christchurch,NewZealand:New Zealand Society for EarthquakeEngineering,2003.
[7]Moehle J P,Deierlein G G.A framework methodologyfor performance-based earthquake engineering[C]//Proceedings of 13th Word Conference on EarthquakeEngineering.Paper No.679.Vancouver BC,Canada:13 WCEE Secretariat,2004.
[8]GB50011—2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.(GB50011—2010Seismic design code for buildings[S].Beijing:ChinaArchitecture&Building Press,2010.(in Chinese))
[9]高小旺,鲍霭斌.地震作用的概率模型及其统计参数[J].地震工程与振动,1985,5(1):13-22.(GaoXiaowang,Bao Aibin.Probabilistic model and itsstatistical parameters for seismic load[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,1985,5(1):13-22.(in Chinese))
[10]李杰,李国强.地震工程学导论[M].北京:地震出版社,1992:286.(Li Jie,Li Guoqiang.EarthquakeEngineering[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1992:286(in Chinese))
[11]孙彬.在役钢筋混凝土结构的性能退化与抗震性能评估[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2006:94-100.(Sun Bin.Structural performance degrading andseismic evaluation of existing reinforced concretestructures[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University ofArchitecture and Technology,2006:94-100.(inChinese))
[12]周锡元,曾德民,高晓安.估计不同服役期结构的抗震设防水准的简单方法[J].建筑结构,2002,32(1):37-40.(Zhou Xiyuan,Zeng Demin,Gao Xiaoan.Simplified method for evaluating seismic designintensities structures with various service periods[J].Building Structure,2002,32(1):37-40.(inChinese))
[13]门进杰,史庆轩,周琦.框架结构基于性能的抗震设防目标和性能指标的量化[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(9):76-82.(Men Jinjie,Shi Qingxuan,ZhouQi.Performance-based seismic fortification criterionand quantified performance index for reinforced concreteframe structures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(9):76-82.(in Chinese))
[14]刘恢先,卢荣俭,陈达生,宋雅桐.修订我国地震烈度表的一个建议方案:第四集[R].北京:科学出版社,1981:1-13.
[15]FEMA 356 NEHRP commentary on the guideline forthe rehabilitation of building[S].Washington DC:Federal Emergency Management Agency,2000.
[16]季静,肖启艳,黄超,韩小雷,李首方.基于性能的钢筋混凝土剪力墙受弯破坏变形限值的研究[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(9):35-41.(JI Jing,XIAOQiyan,HUANG Chao,HAN Xiaolei,LI Shoufang.Research on deformation limits of performance-basedRC shear walls controlled by flexure[J].Journal ofBuilding Structures,2010,31(9):35-41.(inChinese))
[17]邓明科,良兴文,辛力.剪力墙结构基于性能抗震设计的目标层间位移确定方法[J].工程力学,2008,25(11):141-148.(Deng Mingke,Liang Xingwen,XinLi.Determination of target story drift for RC shear wallstructure in performance-based seismic design[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(11):141-148.(inChinese))
[18]贡金鑫,李金波,赵国藩.受腐蚀钢筋混凝土构件的恢复力模型[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(11):38-44.(Gong Jinxin,Li Jinbo,Zhao Guofan.Restoringforce model of corroded reinforced concrete elements[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2005,38(11):38-44.(in Chinese))
[19]史庆轩,牛狄涛,颜桂云.反复荷载作用下锈蚀钢筋混凝土压弯构件恢复力性能的试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):44-50.(Shi Qingxuan,Niu Ditao,Yan Guiyun.Experimental research onhysteretic characteristics of corroded RC members withflexural and compressive axial loads under repeatedhorizontal loading[J].Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2000,20(4):44-50.(inChinese))
[20]王学民.锈蚀钢筋混凝土构件抗震性能试验与恢复力模型研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2003:28-40.(Wang Xuemin.Research of seismic performanceand hysteretic model of corroded reinforced concretemembers[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architectureand Technology,2003:28-40.(in Chinese))
[21]欧进萍,吴波.有损伤压弯构件的恢复力试验研究及其应用[J].建筑结构学报,1995,16(6):21-29.(OU Jinping,WU Bo.Experimental research onrestoring force of damaged compresson-flexcuremembers and its applications[J].Journal of BuildingStructures,1995,16(6):21-29.(in Chinese))
[22]张宇,李宏男,李钢.考虑钢筋锈蚀的震损结构抗震性能评估[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2011,28(4):97-105.(Zhang Yu,Li Hongnan,Li Gang.Seismicevaluation of damaged structures caused by earthquakeand corrosion[J].Journal of Architecture and CivilEngineering,2011,28(4):97-105.(in Chinese))
[23]Spacone E,Filippou F C,Taucer F F.Fibre beam-column model for nonlinear analysis of RC frames:partI:formulation[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamics,1996,25(7):711-725.
[24]吴庆,袁迎曙.锈蚀钢筋力学性能退化规律试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(12):42-47.(WuQing,Yuan Yingshu.Experimental study on thedeterioration of mechanical properties of corroded steelbars[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(12):42-47.(in Chinese))
[25]Abdullah A Almusallam.Effect of degree of corrosionon the properties of reinforcing steel bars[J].Construction and Building Materials,2001,15(8):361-368.
[26]商怀帅,宋玉普,覃丽坤.普通混凝土冻融循环后性能的试验研究[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2005(2):9-11.(Shang Huaishuai,Song Yupu,Tan Likun.Experimental study on properties of concrete afterfreezing and thawing cycles[J].China Concrete andCement Products,2005(2):9-11.(in Chinese))
[27]祝金鹏,李术才,刘宪波,刘敏.冻融环境下混凝土力学性能退化模型[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2009,26(1):62-67.(Zhu Jinpeng,Li Shucai,LiuXianbo,Liu Min.Mechanical property deteriorationmodel for concrete in environment with freezing-thawing[J].Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering,2009,26(1):62-67.(in Chinese))
[28]刘西拉,唐光普.现场环境下混凝土冻融耐久性预测方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2412-2419.(Liu Xila,Tang Guangpu.Researchon prediction method of concrete freeze-thaw durabilityunder field environments[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2412-2419.(in Chinese))
[29]Freeman S A,Nicoletti J P,Tyrdl J V.Evaluation ofexisting buildings for seismic risk:a case study of pugetsound naval shipyard[C]//Proceedings of the First USNational Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Oakland,CA:Earthquake Engineering ResearchInstitute,1975:113-122.
[30]Chopra A K,Eeri M,Goel R K.Capacity-demand-diagram methods based on inelastic design spectrum[J].Earthquake Spectra,1999,15(4):637-656.
[31]Fajfar P,Gaspersic P.The N2 method for the seismicdamage analysis of RC buildings[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,1996,25(1):31-46.
[32]Chopra A K,Goel R K.A modal pushover analysisprocedure for estimating seismic demands for buildings[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2002,31(3):561-582.
[33]Chopra A K,Goel R K,Chintanapakdee C.Evaluationof a modified MPA procedure assuming higher modes aselastic to estimate seismic demands[J].EarthquakeSpectra,2004,20(3):757-778.
[34]Kalkan E,Kunnath S K.Adaptive modal combinationprocedure for nonlinear static analysis of buildingstructures[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2006,132(11):1721-1731.
[35]Chopra A K,Goel R K.Capacity-demand-diagrammethods for estimating seismic deformation of inelasticstructures:SDOF systems[R/OL].Report No.PEER-1999/02.Berkeley,CA:Pacific Earthquake EngineeringResearch Center,University of California,Berkeley,1999.[2012-10-16]http://peer.berkeley.edu/publications/peer_reports/reports_1999/9902.pdf.
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