基于煤层围岩波速结构探测的工作面冲击危险性预评价技术
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摘要
为实现回采工作面采前冲击地压危险性预评价,提出围岩波速结构的概念,其3个特征参量为:波速大小、波速梯度、波速异常区最小临巷距等。工作面冲击地压危险程度与煤层围岩的波速大小、波速梯度均呈正相关,与波速异常区最小临巷距呈负相关。建立基于煤层围岩波速结构特征参量的工作面冲击危险性评价模型,确定回采巷道冲击危险等级划分方法。采用地震波运动学理论,研究了煤层震源震动波在"老顶–直接顶–煤层"特殊层状结构中的传播特征,表明可通过回采工作面巷间地震初至波走时CT探测,来获取煤层围岩波速结构,用于分析整个煤岩组合系统的冲击危险性。将研究成果应用于古山煤矿069–2工作面冲击危险性预评价,评价结论以二维图像形式展现强烈冲击地压发生后的危险性分布状态,可用于指导针对性防冲措施的制订与实施。
In order to achieve rockburst hazard pre-evaluation of working face,the concept of coal bed surrounding rock wave velocity structure is proposed,and its characteristic parameters are velocity size,velocity gradient,smallest distance of velocity anomalies to roadways,which are closely related to rockburst hazard. The rockburst hazard evaluation model based on characteristic parameters is constructed,and the classification method of rockburst hazard rating is determined. By kinetic theory of seismic waves,scoal source wave propagation characteristics in the special layered structure of roof-direct roof-coal seam are analyzed,indicating that velocity structure can be got by seismic first break travel-time CT technology. The research results were applied to working face 069–2 at Gushan coal mine. Practice shows that the evaluation results can be used for the formulation and implementation of protection measures.
In order to achieve rockburst hazard pre-evaluation of working face,the concept of coal bed surrounding rock wave velocity structure is proposed,and its characteristic parameters are velocity size,velocity gradient,smallest distance of velocity anomalies to roadways,which are closely related to rockburst hazard. The rockburst hazard evaluation model based on characteristic parameters is constructed,and the classification method of rockburst hazard rating is determined. By kinetic theory of seismic waves,scoal source wave propagation characteristics in the special layered structure of roof-direct roof-coal seam are analyzed,indicating that velocity structure can be got by seismic first break travel-time CT technology. The research results were applied to working face 069–2 at Gushan coal mine. Practice shows that the evaluation results can be used for the formulation and implementation of protection measures.
引文
[1]毛德兵.冲击矿压发生危险性评价方法[J].煤矿开采,2000,15(4):51–52.(MAO Debing.Evaluation methods of rock bursting hazard[J].Coal Mining Technology,2000,15(4):51–52.(in Chinese))
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[6]夏永学,潘俊锋,王元杰,等.基于高精度微震监测的煤岩破裂与应力分布特征研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(2):239–243.(XIA Yongxue,PAN Junfeng,WANG Yuanjie,et al.Study of rule of surrounding rock failure and stress distributed base on high-precision microseismic monitoring[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(2):239–243.(in Chinese))
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[9]金佩剑,王恩元,刘晓斐,等.冲击地压危险性综合评价的突变级数法研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(6):256–261.(JIN Peijian,WANG Enyuan,LIU Xiaofei,et al.Catastrophe progression method on comprehensive evaluation of rock burst[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2013,30(6):256–261.(in Chinese))
[10]FRIEDELT M J,JACKSON M J,WILLIAMS E M,et al.Tomographic imaging of coal pillar conditions:observations and implications[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1996,33(3):279–290.
[11]WESTMAN E C,LUXBACHER K D.1.within the overburden above a longwall mine[C]//Proceedings of the 42nd U.S.Rock Mechanics Symposium/2nd U.S.—Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium.San Francisco,California:[s.n.],2008:1–7.
[12]王培德,李春来,WETZIG E,等.用地震层析成像方法研究北京西北地区的活动断裂[J].地震学报,2007,29(1):11–19.(WANG Peide,LI Chunlai,WETZIG E,et al.Seismic active faults in the northwestern Beijing by seismic tomography[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2007,29(1):11–19.(in Chinese))
[13]胥颐,刘建华,刘福田,等.天山—帕米尔结合带的地壳速度结构及地震活动研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):469–476.(XU Yi,LIU Jianhua,LIU Futian,et al.Crustal velocity structure and seismic activity in the Tianshan-Pamir conjunctive zone[J].Chinese Journal of Geophys,2006,49(2):469–476.(in Chinese))
[14]LURKA A.Bent ray tomographic imaging of seismic velocity and seismic velocity gradient in Zabrze Bielszowice coal mine for seismic hazard assessment[C]//Proceedings of the 4th Internaional Symposium on Green Mining.Luoyang:[s.n.],2011:1–8.
[15]巩思园.矿震震动波波速层析成像原理及其预测煤矿冲击危险应用实践[博士学位论文][D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2010:91–109.(GONG Siyuan.Research and application of using mine tremor velocity tomography to forecast rockburst danger in coal mine[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2010:91–109.(in Chinese))
[16]韩放,纪洪广,张伟.单轴加卸荷过程中岩石声学特性及其与损伤因子关系[J].北京科技大学学报,2007,29(5):452–455.(HAN Fang,JI Hongguang,ZHANG Wei.Relationship between the acoustic characteristics and damage variable in the process of uniaxial loading and unloading[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2007,29(5):452–455.(in Chinese))
[17]杨文采,李幼铭.应用地震层析成像[M].北京:地质出版社,1993:1–10.(YANG Wencai,LI Youming.Applied seismic tomography[M].Beijing:Geology Press,1993:1–10.(in Chinese))
[18]彭苏萍,凌标灿,刘盛东.综采放顶工作面地震探测技术应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(12):1 786–1 790.(PENG Suping,LING Biaocan,LIU Shengdong.Application of seismic tomography in longwall top-coal caving face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(12):1 786–1 790.(in Chinese))
[19]王书文,毛德兵,杜涛涛,等.基于地震CT技术的冲击地压危险性评价模型研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(增1):1–6.(WANG Shuwen,MAO Debing,DU Taotao,et al.Research of rockburst hazard evaluation model based on seismic CT technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(Supp.1):1–6.(in Chinese))
[2]蓝航,毛德兵,潘俊锋,等.冲击矿压综合防治技术体系及应用[J].煤矿开采,2011,16(3):119–124.(LAN Hang,MAO Debing,PAN Junfeng,et al.Comprehensive rock-burst prevention technology system and its application[J].Coal Mining Technology,2011,16(3):119–124.(in Chinese))
[3]齐庆新,窦林名.冲击地压理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008:32–38.(QI Qingxin,DOU Linming.Theory and technology of rockburst[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2008:32–38.(in Chinese))
[4]刘晓斐.冲击地压电磁辐射前兆信息的时间序列数据挖掘及群体识别体系研究[博士学位论文][D].中国矿业大学,2008:1–10.(LIU Xiaofei.Study on time series data mining and group recognition system of electromagnetic precursor information of rock burst[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2008:1–10.(in Chinese))
[5]姜福兴,曲效成,于正兴.冲击地压实时监测预警技术及发展趋势[J].煤炭科学技术2011,39(2):59–64.(JIANG Fuxing,QU Xiaocheng,YU Zhengxing.Real time monitoring and measuring early warning technology and development of mine pressure bumping[J].Coal Science and Technology,2011,39(2):59–64.(in Chinese))
[6]夏永学,潘俊锋,王元杰,等.基于高精度微震监测的煤岩破裂与应力分布特征研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(2):239–243.(XIA Yongxue,PAN Junfeng,WANG Yuanjie,et al.Study of rule of surrounding rock failure and stress distributed base on high-precision microseismic monitoring[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(2):239–243.(in Chinese))
[7]尹光志,代高飞,闫河,等.冲击地压预测的遗传神经网络方法[J].岩土力学,2003,25(6):1 016–1 020.(YIN Guangzhi,DAI Gaofei,YAN He,et al.Prediction of rockburst by genetic algorithm-neural network[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,25(6):1 016–1 020.(in Chinese))
[8]雷毅.冲击地压危险性评价模型及应用研究[硕士学位论文][D].北京:煤炭科学研究总院,2005.(LEI Yi.Study on establishment and application of hazard evaluation model for rock-burst[M.S.Thesis][D].Beijing:China Coal Research Institute,2005.(in Chinese))
[9]金佩剑,王恩元,刘晓斐,等.冲击地压危险性综合评价的突变级数法研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(6):256–261.(JIN Peijian,WANG Enyuan,LIU Xiaofei,et al.Catastrophe progression method on comprehensive evaluation of rock burst[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2013,30(6):256–261.(in Chinese))
[10]FRIEDELT M J,JACKSON M J,WILLIAMS E M,et al.Tomographic imaging of coal pillar conditions:observations and implications[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1996,33(3):279–290.
[11]WESTMAN E C,LUXBACHER K D.1.within the overburden above a longwall mine[C]//Proceedings of the 42nd U.S.Rock Mechanics Symposium/2nd U.S.—Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium.San Francisco,California:[s.n.],2008:1–7.
[12]王培德,李春来,WETZIG E,等.用地震层析成像方法研究北京西北地区的活动断裂[J].地震学报,2007,29(1):11–19.(WANG Peide,LI Chunlai,WETZIG E,et al.Seismic active faults in the northwestern Beijing by seismic tomography[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2007,29(1):11–19.(in Chinese))
[13]胥颐,刘建华,刘福田,等.天山—帕米尔结合带的地壳速度结构及地震活动研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):469–476.(XU Yi,LIU Jianhua,LIU Futian,et al.Crustal velocity structure and seismic activity in the Tianshan-Pamir conjunctive zone[J].Chinese Journal of Geophys,2006,49(2):469–476.(in Chinese))
[14]LURKA A.Bent ray tomographic imaging of seismic velocity and seismic velocity gradient in Zabrze Bielszowice coal mine for seismic hazard assessment[C]//Proceedings of the 4th Internaional Symposium on Green Mining.Luoyang:[s.n.],2011:1–8.
[15]巩思园.矿震震动波波速层析成像原理及其预测煤矿冲击危险应用实践[博士学位论文][D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2010:91–109.(GONG Siyuan.Research and application of using mine tremor velocity tomography to forecast rockburst danger in coal mine[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2010:91–109.(in Chinese))
[16]韩放,纪洪广,张伟.单轴加卸荷过程中岩石声学特性及其与损伤因子关系[J].北京科技大学学报,2007,29(5):452–455.(HAN Fang,JI Hongguang,ZHANG Wei.Relationship between the acoustic characteristics and damage variable in the process of uniaxial loading and unloading[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2007,29(5):452–455.(in Chinese))
[17]杨文采,李幼铭.应用地震层析成像[M].北京:地质出版社,1993:1–10.(YANG Wencai,LI Youming.Applied seismic tomography[M].Beijing:Geology Press,1993:1–10.(in Chinese))
[18]彭苏萍,凌标灿,刘盛东.综采放顶工作面地震探测技术应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(12):1 786–1 790.(PENG Suping,LING Biaocan,LIU Shengdong.Application of seismic tomography in longwall top-coal caving face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(12):1 786–1 790.(in Chinese))
[19]王书文,毛德兵,杜涛涛,等.基于地震CT技术的冲击地压危险性评价模型研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(增1):1–6.(WANG Shuwen,MAO Debing,DU Taotao,et al.Research of rockburst hazard evaluation model based on seismic CT technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(Supp.1):1–6.(in Chinese))
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