坡面角度对岩质边坡加速度高程放大效应的影响
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摘要
基于现场调查、振动台试验及理论计算等结果,由宏观现象定性的分析到理论求解的定量计算,全面、系统地研究坡面角度对岩质高陡边坡的加速度高程放大效应的影响。现场调查结果表明,边坡的失稳破坏主要发生在45°及以上的斜坡,从宏观现象上间接说明了随着坡面角度的增大,边坡的加速度放大效应会逐渐增强;振动台试验和理论计算结果从半定量和定量的角度揭示随着坡面角度的增大,临空面方向、竖直方向峰值加速度的高程放大效应逐渐增强,而在增强的过程中同时存在突然增大的拐点45°和渐趋平缓的拐点50°,即在45°以下加速度放大效应的增长较为缓慢,在45°~50°之间突然增大,在50°以上增长又逐渐变缓,这充分解释了"滑坡灾害主要发生在45°以上的斜坡"这一汶川地震震害现象。边坡走向方向的峰值加速度高程放大效应基本上不随坡面角度的增大而变化,其台阶也相对较为平缓。
A large-scale shaking table model test of a slope with a scale of 1:10was introduced.The model slope was composed of soil with a height of 1.8m,length of 4.4m,and width of 4.4m and included four slope angles of 30°,45°,50°,and 60°.The materials of the model test were blanc fixe,river sand,gypsum,clay,and water in various ratios.A series of tests was performed with various input seismic wave types,amplitudes,and frequencies.On the basis of field investigation results,shaking table test results,and theoretical analysis results,the influence of slope angle on the elevation amplification effect of rock slope acceleration was discussed.The results indicate that the amplifications of peak accelerations gradually increased with increases in slope angles.In addition,two inflection points were noted at slope angles of 45°and 50°,respectively,which suggests landslide hazards mainly occur on slopes with angles greater than 45°.Moreover,the ampliFig.1 The number of landslides vs slope gradientfication along the slope strike direction was essentially consistent,and the step was smooth.
A large-scale shaking table model test of a slope with a scale of 1:10was introduced.The model slope was composed of soil with a height of 1.8m,length of 4.4m,and width of 4.4m and included four slope angles of 30°,45°,50°,and 60°.The materials of the model test were blanc fixe,river sand,gypsum,clay,and water in various ratios.A series of tests was performed with various input seismic wave types,amplitudes,and frequencies.On the basis of field investigation results,shaking table test results,and theoretical analysis results,the influence of slope angle on the elevation amplification effect of rock slope acceleration was discussed.The results indicate that the amplifications of peak accelerations gradually increased with increases in slope angles.In addition,two inflection points were noted at slope angles of 45°and 50°,respectively,which suggests landslide hazards mainly occur on slopes with angles greater than 45°.Moreover,the ampliFig.1 The number of landslides vs slope gradientfication along the slope strike direction was essentially consistent,and the step was smooth.
引文
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[14]YANG Chang-wei,LIU Xin-min,ZHANG Jian-jing,et al.Analysis on Mechanism of Landslides Under Ground Shaking:a Typical Landslide in the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Environ Earth Science,2014,72(9):3457-3466.
[15]杜修力.工程波动理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.DU Xiu-li.Theories and Methods of Wave Motion for Engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[16]YANG Chang-wei,SU Tian-bao,ZHANG Jian-jing,et al.New Developments in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering[J].Advances in Materials Science and Engineering,2014:1-7.
[2]ZHANG Jian-jing,YANG Chang-wei,John Zhao,et al.Mc Verry.Empirical Models for Predicting Lateral Spreading with Considering the Effect of Region Seismicity[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering V Ibration,2012,11(1):121-131.
[3]杨长卫,张建经.SV波作用下岩质边坡地震稳定性的时频分析方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(3):483-491.YANG Chang-wei,ZHANG Jian-jing.Research on Time-frequency Analysis Method for Seismic Stability of Rock Slope Subjected to SV Wave[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013(3):483-491.(in Chinese)
[4]杨长卫,张建经.双面高陡边坡地震崩滑效应分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2013,48(3):415-422.YANG Chang-wei,ZHANG Jian-jing.Landslide Responses of High Steep Hill with Two-side Slopes under Ground Shaking[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2013,48(3):415-422.(in Chinese)
[5]YANG Chang-wei,ZHANG Jian-jing.A Prediction Model for Horizontal Run-out Distance of Landslides Triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2013,12(2):201-208.
[6]许强,李为乐.汶川地震诱发滑坡方向效应研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2010,42(增1):7-14.XU Qiang,LI Wei-le.Study on the Direction Effects of Landslides Triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2010,42(Suppl.1):7-14.(in Chinese)
[7]曹琰波,戴福初.唐家山滑坡变形运动机制的离散元模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(增1):2878-2887.CAO Yan-bo,DAI Fu-chu,XU Chong,et al.Discrete Element Simulation of Deformation and Movement Mechanism for Tangjiashan Landslide[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(Suppl.1):2878-2887.(in Chinese)
[8]杨长卫,张建经.双面高陡边坡的地震滑坡响应分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2013,48(3):417-422.YANG Chang-wei,ZHANG Jian-jing.Landslide Responses of High Steep Hill with Two-side Slopes under Ground Shaking[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2013,48(3):415-422.(in Chinese)
[9]杨长卫,高洪波,张建经.岩质高陡边坡地震动力响应共性和差异性的研究[J].四川大学学报:工科版,2013,45(3):18-26.YANG Chang-wei,GAO Hong-bo ZHANG Jian-jing.Research on the Generality and Otherness of Seismic Responses of the Steep Rock Slope[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2013,45(3):18-26.(in Chinese)
[10]杨长卫,张建经.汶川地震中国道G213左侧某典型高山河谷场地地震滑坡响应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(7):1467-1475.YANG Chang-wei,ZHANG Jian-jing.Analysis of Landslide Responses of a Typical High Hill-river Valley Field near National Road G213during Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(7):1467-1475.(in Chinese)
[11]杨长卫,张建经.双面高陡岩质边坡地震滑坡机理的研究[J].岩土力学,2013.23(11):1-9.YANG Chang-wei,ZHANG Jian-jing.Analysis of Landslide Mechanisms of a High Steep Rock Hill with Two-side Slopes under Ground Shaking[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,23(11):1-9.(in Chinese)
[12]冯文凯,许强,黄润秋.斜坡震裂变形力学机制初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(1):3124-3129.FENG Wen-kai,XU Qiang,HUANG Run-qiu.Preliminary Study on Mechanical Mechanism of Slope Earthquake-induced Deformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(1):3124-3129.(in Chinese)
[13]毛彦龙,胡广韬,毛新虎,等.地震滑坡启程剧动的机制研究及离散元模拟[J].工程地质报,2001,9(1):74-80.MAO Yan-long,HU Guang-tao,MAO Xin-hu,et al.Mechanism of Set-out Violent-slide of Slope Mass during Earthquake and its Smulation by Using Discrete Element Method[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2001,9(1):74-80.(in Chinese)
[14]YANG Chang-wei,LIU Xin-min,ZHANG Jian-jing,et al.Analysis on Mechanism of Landslides Under Ground Shaking:a Typical Landslide in the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Environ Earth Science,2014,72(9):3457-3466.
[15]杜修力.工程波动理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.DU Xiu-li.Theories and Methods of Wave Motion for Engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.(in Chinese)
[16]YANG Chang-wei,SU Tian-bao,ZHANG Jian-jing,et al.New Developments in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering[J].Advances in Materials Science and Engineering,2014:1-7.
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