岩石结构的不稳定性和突跳现象
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摘要
将结构稳定性理论和方法应用于岩石力学问题。分别采用2个简单的力学模型,研究竖井开挖过程中岩爆的发生和逆冲断层地震。通过理论研究,对于竖井开挖过程,分析无量纲孔壁位移和孔壁压力构成的平衡路径曲线;对于逆冲断层,分析远场无量纲位移和约束反力构成的平衡路径曲线。岩石结构失稳属于极值点型失稳,岩爆和逆冲断层地震是2种不同类型的极值点型失稳。从平衡路径曲线上来看,竖井开挖中的岩爆是一种应力极值点型失稳,伴随有位移突跳;而逆冲断层地震是一种位移极值点型失稳,并伴有力的突跳。
Theory of structure stability was applied for the problems of rock mechanics. Two simple models were adopted for the analysis of reversed fault earthquake and rockburst during shaft excavation,and their analytical solutions were obtained. The equilibrium path curve for the shaft excavation links the non-dimensional displacement with the pressure of borehole wall,while the equilibrium path curve for the reversed fault earthquake links the non-dimensional displacement at far-field with the constrained force. The instability of the rock structures was described as the instability at the point of maximum value. The rockbursts and reversed fault earthquake are two different kinds of instabilities. The rockburst during the shaft excavation is the instability occurred at the maximum stress and with a displacement jumping,while the reversed fault earthquake is the instability occurred at the maximum displacement with a force jumping.
Theory of structure stability was applied for the problems of rock mechanics. Two simple models were adopted for the analysis of reversed fault earthquake and rockburst during shaft excavation,and their analytical solutions were obtained. The equilibrium path curve for the shaft excavation links the non-dimensional displacement with the pressure of borehole wall,while the equilibrium path curve for the reversed fault earthquake links the non-dimensional displacement at far-field with the constrained force. The instability of the rock structures was described as the instability at the point of maximum value. The rockbursts and reversed fault earthquake are two different kinds of instabilities. The rockburst during the shaft excavation is the instability occurred at the maximum stress and with a displacement jumping,while the reversed fault earthquake is the instability occurred at the maximum displacement with a force jumping.
引文
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[13]BUKOWSKA M.The rockbursts in the upper silesian coal basin in Poland[J].Journal of Mining Science,2012,48(3):445–456.
[14]WANG L,LU Z L,GAO Q.A numerical study of rock burst development and strain energy release[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2012,22(5):675–680.
[15]川本眺万.ひずみ软化を考虑した岩盘掘削の解析[J]//土木学会论文报告集.1981,312:107–117.(in Japanese))
[16]殷有泉,陈朝伟.用稳定性理论和方法研究井壁坍塌问题[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2009,45(1):559–564.(YIN Youquan,CHEN Chaowei.Study on wellbore collapse using the theory and method of stability[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2009,45(1):559–564.(in Chinese))
[17]殷有泉,李平恩,邸元.竖井开挖的不稳定性和岩爆的力学机制[J].力学学报,2014,46(3):398–408.(YIN Youquan,LI Ping'en,DI Yuan.Instability of shaft excavation and mechanism of rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2014,46(3):398–408.(in Chinese))
[18]李平恩,殷有泉.断层地震孕育和发生的不稳定性模型[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(1):157–166.(LI Ping'en,YIN Youquan.An instability model for fault earthquake genesis and occurrence[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(1):157–166.(in Chinese))
[19]TANG C A,HUDSON J A,XU X H.Rock failure instability and related aspects of earthquake mechanisms[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1993:26–32.
[20]李平恩,殷有泉.地震不稳定性的一个简单模型[J].中国地震,2009,25(3):265–273.(LI Ping'en,YIN Youquan.A simply model for earthquake instability[J].Earthquake research in China,2009,25(3):265–273.(in Chinese))
[21]姚再兴.土石混合体极限载荷及稳定性数值模拟方法[博士论文][D].北京:中国科学院大学,2009.(YAO Zaixing.Numerical simulation method of the ultimate load and the stability of soil-rock mixture[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2009.(in Chinese))
[2]AMABILI Marco.Nonlinear vibrations and stability of shells and plates[M].London:Cambridge University Press,2008.
[3]钱基宏.薄壳失稳机理浅析[J].计算力学学报,2003,20(3):366–371.(QIAN Jihong.A buckling research of thin shells[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics,2003,20(3):366–371.(in Chinese))
[4]KARMAN T V,TSIEN H S.The buckling of thin cylindrical shells under axial compression[J].Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,1941,8(8):303–312.
[5]朱兆祥.材料和结构失稳现象研究的历史和现状[C]//中国力学学会编.材料和结构的不稳定性.北京:科学出版社,1993:1–6.(ZHU Zhaoxiang.Historical and current research on instabilities of materials and structures[C]//The Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics ed.Instabilities of Materials and Structures.Beijing:Science Press,1993:1–6.(in Chinese))
[6]武际可,苏先樾.弹性系统的稳定性[M].北京:科学出版社,1994:40–65.(WU Jike,SU Xianyue.The elastic system stability[M].Beijing:Science Press,1994:40–65.(in Chinese))
[7]殷有泉.岩石力学与岩石工程的稳定性[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2011:27–50.(YIN Youquan.Stability of rock mechanics and rock engineering[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2011:27–50.(in Chinese))
[8]冯夏庭,陈炳瑞,明华军,等.深埋隧洞岩爆孕育规律与机制:即时型岩爆[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):433–444.(FENG Xiating,CHEN Bingrui,MING Huajun,et al.Evolution law and mechanism of rockbursts in deep tunnels:immediate rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rook Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):433–444.(in Chinese))
[9]齐玉俊,侯克鹏,孙华芬.深部开采岩爆理论研究现状评述[J].矿冶,2012,21(2):15–19.(QI Yujun,HOU Kepeng,SUN Huafen.Review on current study status of rockburst theory in deep mining engineering[J].Mining and Metallurgy,2012,21(2):15–19.(in Chinese))
[10]中国科学会学术部.岩爆机理探索[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2011:3–61.(Academic Department of China Association for Science and Technology.Discovery mechanism of rockbursts[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,2011:3–61.(in Chinese))
[11]徐士良,崔振东.秦岭公路隧道2号竖井地应力与岩爆分析[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(3):407–412.(XU Shiliang,CUI Zhendong.Analysis of in-situ geo-stress and rockburst at No.2 ventilation shaft tunnel of Qinling highway tunnel[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(3):407–412.(in Chinese))
[12]徐栓强,侯卫.考虑岩体中间主应力效应的竖井稳定性分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(6):1 168–1 170.(XU Shuanqiang,HOU Wei.Analysis on stability of a shaft with considering the effect of intermediate principal stress of rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2007,3(6):1 168–1 170.(in Chinese))
[13]BUKOWSKA M.The rockbursts in the upper silesian coal basin in Poland[J].Journal of Mining Science,2012,48(3):445–456.
[14]WANG L,LU Z L,GAO Q.A numerical study of rock burst development and strain energy release[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2012,22(5):675–680.
[15]川本眺万.ひずみ软化を考虑した岩盘掘削の解析[J]//土木学会论文报告集.1981,312:107–117.(in Japanese))
[16]殷有泉,陈朝伟.用稳定性理论和方法研究井壁坍塌问题[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2009,45(1):559–564.(YIN Youquan,CHEN Chaowei.Study on wellbore collapse using the theory and method of stability[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2009,45(1):559–564.(in Chinese))
[17]殷有泉,李平恩,邸元.竖井开挖的不稳定性和岩爆的力学机制[J].力学学报,2014,46(3):398–408.(YIN Youquan,LI Ping'en,DI Yuan.Instability of shaft excavation and mechanism of rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2014,46(3):398–408.(in Chinese))
[18]李平恩,殷有泉.断层地震孕育和发生的不稳定性模型[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(1):157–166.(LI Ping'en,YIN Youquan.An instability model for fault earthquake genesis and occurrence[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(1):157–166.(in Chinese))
[19]TANG C A,HUDSON J A,XU X H.Rock failure instability and related aspects of earthquake mechanisms[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1993:26–32.
[20]李平恩,殷有泉.地震不稳定性的一个简单模型[J].中国地震,2009,25(3):265–273.(LI Ping'en,YIN Youquan.A simply model for earthquake instability[J].Earthquake research in China,2009,25(3):265–273.(in Chinese))
[21]姚再兴.土石混合体极限载荷及稳定性数值模拟方法[博士论文][D].北京:中国科学院大学,2009.(YAO Zaixing.Numerical simulation method of the ultimate load and the stability of soil-rock mixture[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2009.(in Chinese))
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