强震作用下深厚砂质覆盖层土坝有效应力动力分析
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摘要
利用基于Biot的饱和多孔介质理论和砂土多重机构模型的动力分析有限元程序FLIP,对遭受M6.7地震的国外某深厚砂质覆盖层土坝进行有效应力动力分析,研究坝体和地基的动力反应特性及其超静孔隙水压力的分布规律。通过对坝体加速度和永久变形的计算结果与现场实测数据的比较分析,证明两者之间存在一定差异,但计算结果基本上反映坝体加速度与永久变形的实际分布特征,从而说明采用的数值计算方法和本构模型具有一定精度。根据计算结果可以得出:坝体无液化发生;坝底上游浅层地基可能会发生局部液化,但范围较小,可以不进行加固处理;坝趾附近浅层地基可能会发生较大范围的液化,因此须采取相应的抗液化加固措施。
Using the finite element liquefaction program based on Biot's dynamic theory for fluid-saturatedporous media and a multimechanism constitutive model for sandy soils,dynamic effective stress analysis of an earth dam on deep sandy alluviums during an M6.8earthquake is conducted.A comparison of calculated and measured values shows some differences in acceleration and permanent deformation.Because the calculated values essentially reflect actual distribution,the accuracies of the numerical and constitutive models are validated.On the basis of the numerical analysis results,it can be concluded that a reinforcement measure for the dam and its underlying foundation is unnecessary because liquefaction in only a small area may occur in these zones.However,an anti-liquefaction reinforcement measure should be taken because liquefaction in large areas may occur in the shallow layers of sandy alluviums near the dam toe.
Using the finite element liquefaction program based on Biot's dynamic theory for fluid-saturatedporous media and a multimechanism constitutive model for sandy soils,dynamic effective stress analysis of an earth dam on deep sandy alluviums during an M6.8earthquake is conducted.A comparison of calculated and measured values shows some differences in acceleration and permanent deformation.Because the calculated values essentially reflect actual distribution,the accuracies of the numerical and constitutive models are validated.On the basis of the numerical analysis results,it can be concluded that a reinforcement measure for the dam and its underlying foundation is unnecessary because liquefaction in only a small area may occur in these zones.However,an anti-liquefaction reinforcement measure should be taken because liquefaction in large areas may occur in the shallow layers of sandy alluviums near the dam toe.
引文
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[2]周健,董鹏,戚佩江.灰渣坝抗震稳定性的三维有效应力动力分析[J].水利学报,2002,33(7):43-48.ZHOU Jian,DONG Peng,QI Pei-jiang.3-D Dynamic Effective Stress Analysis on the Aseismic Stability of Fly Ash Dam[J].Joural of Hydraulic Engineering,2002,33(7):43-48.(in Chinese)
[3]明海燕,李相菘.Lower San Fernando土坝破坏及加固的完全耦合分析[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(3):294-300.MING Hai-yan,LI Xiang-song.Fully Coupled Analysis of Failure and Remediation of Lower San Fernando Dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(3):294-300.(in Chinese)
[4]Sica S,Pagano L,Modaressi A.Influence of Past Loading History on the Seismic Response of Earth Dams[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2007,35(1):61-85.
[5]汪明武,Iai S,Tobita T.液化场地堤坝地震响应动态土工离心试验及[J].水利学报,2008,39(12):1346-1352.WANG Ming-wu,IAI Susumu,TOBITA Testuo.Centrifuge Test and Numerical Analysis of Seismic Responses of Dyke on Liquefiable Soils Foundation[J].Joural of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(12):1346-1352.(in Chinese)
[6]岑威钧,顾淦臣,隋世军.深厚黄土覆盖层上土石坝地震响应特性分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2009,29(1):51-56.CEN Wei-jun,GU Gan-chen,SUI Shi-jun.Seismic Response Analysis of an Earth-rockfill Dam on Thick Loess Alluvial Deposit[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2009,29(1):51-56.(in Chinese)
[7]赵剑明,温彦锋,刘小生,等.深厚覆盖层上高土石坝极限抗震能力分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增刊1):41-47.ZHAO Jian-ming,WEN Yan-feng,LIU Xiao-sheng,et al.Study of Maximum Aseismic Capability of High Earth-rock Dam on Deep Riverbed Alluviums[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(增刊1):41-47.(in Chinese)
[8]于玉贞,卞锋.高土石坝地震动力响应特征弹塑性有限元分析[J].世界地震工程,2010,26(增刊1):341-345.YU Yu-zhen,BIAN Feng.Elasto-plastic FEM Analysis of Dynamic Response of High Earth-rockfill Dams During Earthquake[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2010,26(S1):341-345.(in Chinese)
[9]Elia G,Amorosi A,Chan AHC,et al.Fully Coupled Dynamic Analysis of an Earth Dam[J].Geotechnique,2011,61(7):549-563.
[10]Ming H Y,Li X S,Zheng T Y.Effects of Soil Density and Earthquake Intensity on Flow Deformation of the Upper San Fernando Dam[J].Geotechnique,2011,61(12):1019-1034.
[11]陈育民,仉文岗,刘汉龙.堤防地震液化数值模拟及动力反应分析[J].解放军理工大学学报:自然科学版,2011,12(3):239-244.CHEN Yu-min,ZHANG Wen-gang,LIU Han-long.Seismic Liquefaction Numerical Simulation and Dynamic Response of Levee Embankment[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2011,12(3):239-244.(in Chinese)
[12]Iai S,Matunaga Y,Kameoka T.Strain Space Plasticity Model for Cyclic Mobility[J].Soils and Foundations,1992,32(2):1-15.
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