巨厚黄土地区地震采集技术研究及应用
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摘要
巨厚黄土覆盖地区的油气勘探历来因地震资料信噪比低而受到制约,多年来一直没有突破。其中以塔里木盆地西南黄土覆盖地区最为典型,该区受巨厚黄土覆盖及复杂地腹构造的双重影响,地震激发、接收条件差,地震单炮资料信噪比极低,地震剖面成像差,难以满足构造解释、乃至储层预测的需要。文章以塔西南巨厚黄土覆盖区的宽线观测、大基距组合接收、组合激发及配套采集技术的攻关研究为例,通过表层结构调查、激发接收参数、覆盖次数对比试验、分析等,提出了合理的采集技术方案及配套措施,获得了较高信噪比的地震资料,满足了地质解释需要,同时总结、形成了一套有效的巨厚黄土覆盖区山地地震采集配套技术。
Oil/gas exploration in the areas covered with extremely thick loess is constrained with low signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data,and no breakthrough has been made for many years.The thick loess area in southwest Tarim is a typical example,influenced by both extremely thick loess and complex subsurface structure,the shooting and receiving conditions are poor,signal-to-noise ratio of raw shot records is very low,and the imaging quality of the seismic sections is very poor,so,the seismic sections can't meet the requirements for structural interpretation and reservoir prediction.Citing the research on wide-line survey,long geophone array receiving,source array and the necessary acquisition techniques for the extremely thick loess areas in the southwest Tarim,through near surface structure investigation,test and analysis on shooting/receiving parameters and folds,the paper puts forward the reasonable acquisition technical scheme and the necessary measures,acquired seismic data with relatively high signal-to-noise ratio,which can meet the requirements of geological interpretation.And moreover,the paper has summatized and developed a set of effective necessary technologies for seismic acquisition in the mountainous regions covered with extremely thick loess.
Oil/gas exploration in the areas covered with extremely thick loess is constrained with low signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data,and no breakthrough has been made for many years.The thick loess area in southwest Tarim is a typical example,influenced by both extremely thick loess and complex subsurface structure,the shooting and receiving conditions are poor,signal-to-noise ratio of raw shot records is very low,and the imaging quality of the seismic sections is very poor,so,the seismic sections can't meet the requirements for structural interpretation and reservoir prediction.Citing the research on wide-line survey,long geophone array receiving,source array and the necessary acquisition techniques for the extremely thick loess areas in the southwest Tarim,through near surface structure investigation,test and analysis on shooting/receiving parameters and folds,the paper puts forward the reasonable acquisition technical scheme and the necessary measures,acquired seismic data with relatively high signal-to-noise ratio,which can meet the requirements of geological interpretation.And moreover,the paper has summatized and developed a set of effective necessary technologies for seismic acquisition in the mountainous regions covered with extremely thick loess.
引文
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[5]熊翥.复杂地区油气地球物理勘探技术—数据采集[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.48-54.
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[8]程洪涛,等.黄土塬地区地震勘探激发技术研究[J].工程地球物理学报,2005,2(6):460-465.
[9]吕公河,等.黄土原地区地震勘探采集技术[J].石油物探,2001,40(2):84-91.
[10]赵延江.黄土塬地区地震勘探激发技术探讨[J].石油物探,2006,45(6):466-650.
[2]凌云.塔里木盆地山地地震勘探技术[J].中国石油勘探,2003,8(1):25-31.
[3]吴云海.天山南部亚肯北地区三维地震勘探采集技术[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):380-383.
[4]张建伟,王红旗,田彦灿,等.酒西盆地山地宽线地震资料处理方法研究[J].物探化探技术,2004,26(2):101-104.
[5]熊翥.复杂地区油气地球物理勘探技术—数据采集[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.48-54.
[6]邓志文.复杂山地地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:13-17.
[7]刘依谋,梁向豪,黄有晖,等.库车坳陷复杂山地宽线采集技术及其应用效果[M].石油物探,2008,47(4):418-424.
[8]程洪涛,等.黄土塬地区地震勘探激发技术研究[J].工程地球物理学报,2005,2(6):460-465.
[9]吕公河,等.黄土原地区地震勘探采集技术[J].石油物探,2001,40(2):84-91.
[10]赵延江.黄土塬地区地震勘探激发技术探讨[J].石油物探,2006,45(6):466-650.
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