四川盆地震旦纪末期—寒武纪早期台盆的形成与演化
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摘要
基于钻测井、地震和露头资料,从沉积、构造和岩溶作用的角度分析了四川盆地震旦纪末期—寒武纪早期台盆的形成与演化过程,利用灯影组三段+灯影组四段的残余厚度、麦地坪组+筇竹寺组的厚度及麦地坪组的岩相分区特点综合确定了台盆的展布,并揭示其对灯影组天然气分布的控制作用。台盆区表现为灯影组三段+灯影组四段残厚小、上覆充填的麦地坪组与筇竹寺组厚度大、麦地坪组以深水相的含磷碳硅泥岩为主,平面上主要分布于青川—资阳—宜宾一带,其形成和演化经历了4个阶段:1灯影组一段、灯影组二段沉积期,四川盆地为一镶边碳酸盐台地,台地边缘和台地内部丘滩体发育,灯影组二段、灯影组三段之间的桐湾运动一幕作用形成了川西海盆的雏形,台盆与其两侧地貌存在差异;2灯影组三段沉积期,上扬子内克拉通由于拉张裂陷,形成了以磨溪、长宁、镇雄等为沉积中心的沉降带,控制着优质烃源岩的分布;灯影组四段沉积期,四川盆地演化为一内部发育台盆的镶边碳酸盐台地,灯影组末期的桐湾运动二幕作用使得四川盆地整体抬升遭受暴露,高部位风化剥蚀、低部位流体下切侵蚀,并使台盆区的范围达到最大;3寒武纪早期的麦地坪组为灯影组岩溶地貌基础上的第一套充填沉积,且平面上发育3个岩相区,麦地坪组与筇竹寺组之间的桐湾运动三幕作用对麦地坪组沉积后的地貌进行了局部改造;4筇竹寺组与沧浪铺组的持续充填,使四川盆地演化为一较平缓的碎屑岩缓坡。台盆的形成与演化不仅促进了其周缘灯影组四段台缘带优质储层的形成,而且控制着寒武系麦地坪组与筇竹寺组2套优质烃源岩的分布,环台盆灯影组白云岩具有良好的源-储配置关系,是最有利的勘探领域。
Based on the analysis of welling,logging,seismic information and outcrops,the formation and evolution of Upper Sinian to Lower Cambrian intraplatformal basin(IPB)in Sichuan Basin was studied from the aspects of sedimentation,tectonics and karstification,and its distribution was defined by using total residual thickness of the 3rd and 4th member of Dengying Formation(DYF),total thickness of Maidiping Formation(MDPF)and Qiongzhusi Formation(QZSF),and lithofacies features,and its control on natural gas distribution of DYF was revealed.Its typical characteristics were small total residual thickness of the 3rd and 4th member of DYF,large total thickness of MDPF and QZSF,and developing mudstone containing phosphates and silicon.It underwent 4 stages:(1)During the 1st and 2nd member of DYF,Sichuan Basin was a rimmed platform with mounds and shoals developed in platform margin and interior.The first episode of Tongwan taphrogenesis between the 2nd and 3rd member of Dengying Formation formed the embryonic form of the IPB in western Sichuan Basin.And there exited landform difference between the IPB and its two sides.(2)During the 3rd member of DYF,Upper Yangzi craton extended and a subsidence zone was formed with Moxi,Changning and Zhengxiong area as its depositional centers,controlling the distribution of favored hydrocarbon source rocks.During the 4th member of DYF,Sichuan Basin evolved into a rimmed platform with an IPB.The second episode of Tongwan taphrogenesis after DYF made Sichuan Basin rise as a whole characterized by weather denudation in high position and fluid erosion in low part,and Qingchuan-Ziyang-Yibin IPB was shaped.(3)MDPF of Lower Cambrian was the first sediment on karst landform of DYF,with3 lithology zones in plane distribution,and the third episode of Tongwan taphrogenesis reformed the depositional landform locally.(4)After lasting filling of QZSF and Canglangpu Formation,Sichuan Basin evolved into a siliclastic ramp.The formation and evolution of the IPB did not only promote the formation of high quality platform-margin dolomite reservoirs of the 4th member of DYF,but also control the distribution of two high quality hydrocarbon source rocks of MDPF and QZSF.The surrounding areas of the IPB were favorable petroleum exploration areas,with goodcontact configuration relationships between Cambrian hydrocarbon source rocks and dolomite reservoir of DYF.
引文
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