地震动加加速度反应谱的概念及特性研究
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摘要
加加速度是加速度关于时间的变化率,反映了结构受力变化情况。地震动加加速度及其反应谱的研究可以加强人们对地震动非平稳性的认识。阐述了加加速度的力学意义及研究价值,探讨了计算加加速度的动力学方法并对其优缺点进行了比较。建立了地震动下弹性及弹塑性加加速度反应谱的求解方法。根据场地类型、放大系数、延性系数及折减系数等影响因素对加加速度反应谱的特性进行了研究,并提出了冲击折减系数的概念。结果表明加加速度对中短周期的建筑结构作用较明显,适当提高延性将有效降低加加速度造成的冲击效应。冲击折减系数随着结构周期增大明显增大,加加速度对于长周期结构的影响一般可以忽略。
Jerk is the time rate of acceleration,reflecting the variation of structural forces.The study on jerk and its response spectra can enhance the recognitions on the non-stationary of ground motion.The mechanical meaning and research value of jerk is described.The calculating methods for jerk are discussed and their performance and disadvantages are compared.The solution method of elastic and inelastic jerk response spectra under ground motion is established.The characteristics of jerk response spectra are studied according to the influencing factors,such as a site condition,an amplification factor,a ductility factor and a reduction factor.The concept of an impact reduction factor is presented.The analysis results show that jerk influences the building structures with short or middle periods more obviously,and the impact responses can be reduced significantly when the structural ductility is enhanced.The impact reduction factor increases with the incensement of a structural natural period and the influence of jerk on long-period structure can be ignored.
Jerk is the time rate of acceleration,reflecting the variation of structural forces.The study on jerk and its response spectra can enhance the recognitions on the non-stationary of ground motion.The mechanical meaning and research value of jerk is described.The calculating methods for jerk are discussed and their performance and disadvantages are compared.The solution method of elastic and inelastic jerk response spectra under ground motion is established.The characteristics of jerk response spectra are studied according to the influencing factors,such as a site condition,an amplification factor,a ductility factor and a reduction factor.The concept of an impact reduction factor is presented.The analysis results show that jerk influences the building structures with short or middle periods more obviously,and the impact responses can be reduced significantly when the structural ductility is enhanced.The impact reduction factor increases with the incensement of a structural natural period and the influence of jerk on long-period structure can be ignored.
引文
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[10]Cuesta I,Aschheim A,Fajfar P.Simplified R-factorrelationships for strong ground motions[J].EarthquakeSpectra,2003,19(1):25―45.
[11]Vidic T,Fajfar P,Fishinger M.Consistent inelastic designspectra:Strength and displacement[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,1994,23(5):507―521.
[2]孟昭曜.加加速度的力学计算和物理意义[J].四川师范大学学报,2005,28(6):741―743.Meng Zhaoyao.Mechanical calculation and physicalunderstanding of the derivative of acceleration[J].Journal of Sichuan Normal University,2005,28(6):741―743.(in Chinese)
[3]杨学山,齐霄斋,李兆治,童迈,曹金铭.基于测量加速度微分量的传感器[J].振动与冲击,2008,27(12):143―147.Yang Xueshan,Qi Xiaozhai,Lee Geonge C,Tong Mai,Cao Jinming.Sensor for measuring the derivative ofacceleration component[J].Journal of Vibration andShock,2008,27(12):143―147.(in Chinese)
[4]Tong Mai,Wang Guoquan,Lee George C.Timederivative of earthquake acceleration[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,4(1):1―16.
[5]Chopra A K.Dynamics of structures:Theory andapplications to earthquake engineering[M].New Jersey:Prentice-Hall,1995.
[6]Clough R W,Penzien J.Dynamics of structures[M].New York:McGraw-Hill Inc,1993.
[7]李宏男.结构多维抗震理论[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.Li Hongnan.Earthquake resistance theory for multi-dimension structures[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[8]Miranda E,Bertero V.Evaluation of strength reductionfactors for earthquake-resistant design[J].EarthquakeSpectra,1994,10(2):357―379.
[9]刘大海,杨翠如,钟锡根.高层建筑抗震设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1993.Liu Dahai,Yang Cuiru,Zhong Xigen.Seismic design oftall buildings[M].Beijing:China Architectural IndustrialPress,1993.(in Chinese)
[10]Cuesta I,Aschheim A,Fajfar P.Simplified R-factorrelationships for strong ground motions[J].EarthquakeSpectra,2003,19(1):25―45.
[11]Vidic T,Fajfar P,Fishinger M.Consistent inelastic designspectra:Strength and displacement[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,1994,23(5):507―521.
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