地震力标度及其在华北地区的应用
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摘要
讨论了华北地区中强地震前地震力标度的时空变化特征,首先介绍了地震力标度的物理意义,给出了由传统经验公式推导出的地震力标度σ值的计算方法,σ值是一个表征地震时震源处断层平均驱动力的物理量,基于地震波能量推导得到,介于地震频度和能量之间,根据经典通用的经验公式,地震力标度σ值与震级ML存在lgσ=1.14 ML+6.22标度关系;结合华北地区(34°～42°N;110°～124°E;)地震活动的特点,利用1980年以来2500多次3级以上地震,研究了MS≥5.0中强震前σ值的变化规律,结果发现该指标能客观反映地震活动的增强与平静。中强地震前存在σ值高值异常,σ值有由低转高,在高值点发震的特征。空间上σ值的分布与地质构造、地震带和强震孕育过程有关,中强震前地震力标度σ值有成片增加的过程,对中强地震预测有一定的指导意义。
We discussed variation of seismic force scale in time and space before moderately strong earthquakes in North China.We first introduced the physical meaning of seismic force scale(σ value) and its calculation method has been derived by the traditional empirical formula.Based on seismic wave energy,σ value is a physical quantities of average driving force in the seismic source at the fault,which is between earthquake frequency and energy.It is derived that the seismic force scale σ value and magnitude can be described as the relation of lgσ=1.14ML+6.22.Combined with the seismic activity characteristics in north China(34°~42°N;110°~124°E),using more than 2 500 3,0 earthquakes,and σ value variations before MS≥5.0 earthquakes then are studied.It is found that this indicator can objectively reflect the enhanced and calm of seismic activity,with high σ value before moderately strong earthquakes.Spatial characteristics are related to geological structure,seismic zone and strong earthquake preparation process,earthquake force scale σ value has the characteristics of extensive increasing process.
We discussed variation of seismic force scale in time and space before moderately strong earthquakes in North China.We first introduced the physical meaning of seismic force scale(σ value) and its calculation method has been derived by the traditional empirical formula.Based on seismic wave energy,σ value is a physical quantities of average driving force in the seismic source at the fault,which is between earthquake frequency and energy.It is derived that the seismic force scale σ value and magnitude can be described as the relation of lgσ=1.14ML+6.22.Combined with the seismic activity characteristics in north China(34°~42°N;110°~124°E),using more than 2 500 3,0 earthquakes,and σ value variations before MS≥5.0 earthquakes then are studied.It is found that this indicator can objectively reflect the enhanced and calm of seismic activity,with high σ value before moderately strong earthquakes.Spatial characteristics are related to geological structure,seismic zone and strong earthquake preparation process,earthquake force scale σ value has the characteristics of extensive increasing process.
引文
[1]吴佳翼,曹雪锋.地震活动的定量化问题[J].地震,1983,3(6):13-17.
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[5]韩渭宾,易桂喜,辛华.与频度或能量有关的各种地震学指标的相关性研究[J].地震学报,2001,23(6):582-587.
[6]王炜,戴维乐,黄冰树.地震震级的统计分布及其地震强度因子Mf值在华北中强以上地震前的异常变化[J].中国地震,1994,10(增刊):95-111.
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[8]蒋海昆,侯海峰,周焕鹏,等.“区域—时间—长度算法”在华北地区中强地震地点判定中的应用研究[J].地震,2004,24(4):17-25.
[9]钱晓东,秦嘉政.地震力标度σ值及其在地震短期预测中的应用[J].地震,2010,30(3):97-106.
[10]陈运泰,顾浩鼎.震源理论基础(上册)[M].北京:地震出版社,2008.153-176.
[11]Kanamori,Hiroo,The energy release in great earthquakes[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1977,82(B20):2 981-2 988.
[12]Kanamori,H,Anderson D.Amplitude of the earth's free oscillations and long-period characteristicsof the earthquake source[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1975,80(B8):0148-0227.
[13]Gutenberg B.Amplitudes of surface waves and magnitudes of shallow earthquakes[J].Bulletin ofthe Seismological Society of America,1945,35(1):3-12.
[14]中国科学院地球物理所.近震分析[M].北京:地震出版社,1977.51-52.
[2]陆远忠,陈章立,王碧泉,等.地震预报的地震学方法[M].北京:地震出版社,1985.
[3]谷继成,魏富胜.论地震活动的定量变化:地震活动读[J].中国地震,1987,3(增刊):12-22.
[4]罗兰格,侯建明.地震活动性的标度[J].地震,1987,7(3):40-45.
[5]韩渭宾,易桂喜,辛华.与频度或能量有关的各种地震学指标的相关性研究[J].地震学报,2001,23(6):582-587.
[6]王炜,戴维乐,黄冰树.地震震级的统计分布及其地震强度因子Mf值在华北中强以上地震前的异常变化[J].中国地震,1994,10(增刊):95-111.
[7]陆远忠,吕悦军,郑月君.地震演化指数与其细胞自动机模型检验[J].地震,1994,14(增刊):2-17.
[8]蒋海昆,侯海峰,周焕鹏,等.“区域—时间—长度算法”在华北地区中强地震地点判定中的应用研究[J].地震,2004,24(4):17-25.
[9]钱晓东,秦嘉政.地震力标度σ值及其在地震短期预测中的应用[J].地震,2010,30(3):97-106.
[10]陈运泰,顾浩鼎.震源理论基础(上册)[M].北京:地震出版社,2008.153-176.
[11]Kanamori,Hiroo,The energy release in great earthquakes[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1977,82(B20):2 981-2 988.
[12]Kanamori,H,Anderson D.Amplitude of the earth's free oscillations and long-period characteristicsof the earthquake source[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1975,80(B8):0148-0227.
[13]Gutenberg B.Amplitudes of surface waves and magnitudes of shallow earthquakes[J].Bulletin ofthe Seismological Society of America,1945,35(1):3-12.
[14]中国科学院地球物理所.近震分析[M].北京:地震出版社,1977.51-52.
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