空间高密度单点地震采集数据数字组合去噪研究
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摘要
以往采集为压制规则干扰,突出有效信号,野外通常根据需要采用不同的检波器组合,但直接组合会对有效信号造成不可逆转的伤害.随地震仪采集设备的发展与带道能力增强,单点激发与接收采集模式已经逐步开始推广应用,数字采集采取的单道接收能够实现对地震波场的充分采样,同时能够真实反映地震波场的物理特性,可为地震数据后期组合处理提供更大的灵活性,可根据干扰波特征在室内进行道组合处理,包括叠前组合压噪等.本文从组合压制噪音的原理入手,结合正演数据分析和实际地震数据处理效果的对比,分析了室内组合与野外组合的差别与优缺点,并以实际地震数据对不同组合方式的效果进行了验证,本文所提出的智能数字组合对于线性相干噪音具有更好压制效果,可有效地消除规则干扰和其它噪音,提高动态范围和数据保真度.
Previous seismic acquisition in order to enhance the effective signal,usually adopts field array sensors to suppressing coherent interference,but the directly grouped sensors will cause the signal irreversible damage.In recent years,with the development of the seismic acquisition equipment development and the ability enhancement to receive the seismic signals,the single point sourcing and receiving acquisition has been gradually popularized,and the single channel receiving can realize the full of seismic wave sampling,and to truly reflect the physical characteristics of seismic wave field,which can give the indoor processors more chance to flexibly combine or preprocess the single sensor data to eliminate the different interference,including pre-stack linear and random noise suppression by combination,etc.In this paper,according to the array principles of linear noise suppression,combined with the modeling data analysis and real seismic data processing results,we analyze the differences,the advantages and disadvantages between the field array,the indoor array and the indoor intelligent array modes,and uses real seismic data by use of the different array modes to prove the their effect and difference.In this paper,the proposed intelligent digital sensors combination for the coherent noise suppression has better result than the other modes,and can effectively suppress the coherent interference and random noise,at the same time,can effectively improve the dynamic range and the fidelity of data.
Previous seismic acquisition in order to enhance the effective signal,usually adopts field array sensors to suppressing coherent interference,but the directly grouped sensors will cause the signal irreversible damage.In recent years,with the development of the seismic acquisition equipment development and the ability enhancement to receive the seismic signals,the single point sourcing and receiving acquisition has been gradually popularized,and the single channel receiving can realize the full of seismic wave sampling,and to truly reflect the physical characteristics of seismic wave field,which can give the indoor processors more chance to flexibly combine or preprocess the single sensor data to eliminate the different interference,including pre-stack linear and random noise suppression by combination,etc.In this paper,according to the array principles of linear noise suppression,combined with the modeling data analysis and real seismic data processing results,we analyze the differences,the advantages and disadvantages between the field array,the indoor array and the indoor intelligent array modes,and uses real seismic data by use of the different array modes to prove the their effect and difference.In this paper,the proposed intelligent digital sensors combination for the coherent noise suppression has better result than the other modes,and can effectively suppress the coherent interference and random noise,at the same time,can effectively improve the dynamic range and the fidelity of data.
引文
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[2]Burger P.Comparison between single and multi-channel cabletelemetry systems in harsh terrains[J].First Break,2000,18(2):53-59.
[3]史恒,李桂林,王伟等.基于总体经验模式分解的地震信号随机噪声消除[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(1):71-78.Shi H,Li G L,Wang W,et al.Random noise attenuationbased on ensemble empirical mode decomposition[J].Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2011,26(1):71-78.
[4]李庆忠,魏继东.高密度地震采集中组合效应对高频截止频率的影响[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):363-369.Li Q Z,Wei J D.Influence of array effect on cutoff frequencyof high frequency in high-density seismic acquisition[J].OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2007,42(4):363-369.
[5]李雪英,孙丹,侯相辉等.基于广义S变换、经验模态分解叠前去噪方法的比较[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(6):2039-2045.Li X Y,Sun D,Hou X H,et al.Comparison of generalized Stransform and empirical mode decomposition in high frequencyseismic noise suppression[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2011,26(6):2039-2045.
[6]龚灏,蔺远洪,周仲礼等.基于支持向量机和小波包的金属矿床地震数据去噪[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(6):2190-2195.Gong H,Lin Y H,Zhou et al.De-noising of the metallic oredeposit seismic data based on the theories of wavelet packageand support vector machine[J].Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2011,26(6):2190-2195.
[7]蒋连斌,何樵登,王建民等.一种计算检波器线性组合响应曲线的实用方法[J].石油物探,1998,37(1):84-88.Jiang L B,He Q D,Wang J M,et al.A practical method tocalculate the response curve of geophone linear array[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petrole(in Chinese),1998,37(1):84-88.
[8]蒋连斌,崔文鹏,傅朝奎等.震检联合组合在高分辨率地震资料采集中的应用[J].石油物探,2000,39(3):73-78.Jiang L B,Cui W P,Fu C K,et al.Application of source andgeophone uniting array in the high-resolution seismic dataacquisition[J].GPP(in Chinese),2000,39(3):73-78.
[9]董世泰,高红霞.单点单检波器地震勘探技术[J].石油仪器,2005,19(2):66-68.Dong S T,Gao H X.Seismic exploration technology of singlepoint with one geophone[J].Petroleum Instruments(inChinese),2005,19(2):66-68.
[10]曹务祥.高空间密度采样资料分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,29(3):178-182.Cao W X.Analysis of seismic data of dense spatial sample[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,29(3):178-182.
[11]曹务祥.单道接收地震资料的室内组合方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(6):615-618.Cao W X.Indoor array for unite single trace receiving seismicdata[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2006,41(6):615-618.
[12]Ongkiehong L,Huizer W.Dynamic ange of the seismic system[J].First Break,1987,12(5):435-439.
[13]Blacquiere G,Ongkiehong L.Sing le sensor recording:Antialiasfiltering,perturbations and dynamic range[C].//70thAnnual International Meeting,2000.
[14]Kerekes A K.Seismic array design by spatial convolution[J].Geophysics,2001,66(4):1195-1207.
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