地震散射波模拟成像在金属矿勘探中的应用
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摘要
由于金属矿地质模型一般具有强非均匀性,造成金属矿地震勘探中采集到的信号杂乱,应用常规的反射地震处理技术难以获得可靠的成像效果。而基于惠更斯-菲涅尔原理的散射成像方法能充分利用地震信号中的全波场信息,例如反射波、绕射波、回转波、直达波、转换波等,它们都是散射波的一种表现形式,从而可以获得较好的成像效果。结合中国东部典型铜矿-铜陵冬瓜山铜矿与中国西部典型锡矿-云南个旧锡矿的地质模型,我们模拟了散射波地震记录,并通过散射成像方法获得了高质量的偏移结果,从数值模拟角度证明了散射成像在金属矿地震勘探中具有较好的应用前景。
The seismic data collected during the base metal exploration can be hampered by a variety of non-reflecting signals because of the heterogeneity of ore bodies and host rocks.It is difficult to produce a high-quality seismic profile when conventional seismic processing algorithms are applied to the data.According to the Huygens-Fresnel principle,every grid node can be considered as a vibrating source,and geological model can be discrete within the grids.Therefore we have stacked all kinds of waves,including scattered waves from these grids.It seems that the more scattered signals are used and the better the migrated section is.Two geological models are simulated and tested,one is the Tongling copper mine in the eastern China,and another is Gejiu tin mine in Yunnan Province of the south-western China.We have simulated the seismic scattering wave generated high-quality migrated seismic profiles,which match the geological models very well.It proves that imaging of the seismic scattered wave may be an appropriate tool to process the seismic data in base metal exploration.
The seismic data collected during the base metal exploration can be hampered by a variety of non-reflecting signals because of the heterogeneity of ore bodies and host rocks.It is difficult to produce a high-quality seismic profile when conventional seismic processing algorithms are applied to the data.According to the Huygens-Fresnel principle,every grid node can be considered as a vibrating source,and geological model can be discrete within the grids.Therefore we have stacked all kinds of waves,including scattered waves from these grids.It seems that the more scattered signals are used and the better the migrated section is.Two geological models are simulated and tested,one is the Tongling copper mine in the eastern China,and another is Gejiu tin mine in Yunnan Province of the south-western China.We have simulated the seismic scattering wave generated high-quality migrated seismic profiles,which match the geological models very well.It proves that imaging of the seismic scattered wave may be an appropriate tool to process the seismic data in base metal exploration.
引文
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[15]勾丽敏.散射波成像处理技术研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2007.Gou Li-min.Aresearch of the scattered wave imaging[D].Bei-jing:China University of Geology,2007.
[2]徐明才,高景华,柴铭涛,等.寻找隐伏金属矿的地震方法技术研究[J].物探与化探,1997,21(6):468～474.Xu Ming-cai,Gao Jing-hua,Cai Ming-tao,et al.A study of seismic technology exploring blind metal deposit[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,1997,21(6):468～474.
[3]吕庆田,侯增谦,史大年,等.铜陵狮子山金属矿地震反射结果及对区域找矿的意义[J].矿床地质,2004,23(3):390～398.Lv Qing-tian,Hou Zeng-qian,Shi Da-nian,et al.The results of reflection seismology and its significance for the metal deposit exploration,Shizishan field in Tongling[J].Ore geology,2004,23(3):390～398.
[4]徐明才,荣立新,刘建勋,等.地震方法在拜仁达坝银铅锌多金属矿区的应用试验研究[J].地质与勘探,2007,43(4):61-64.Xu Ming-cai,Rong Li-xin,Liu Jian-xun,et al.Application of seismic method at bairendaba Ag-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit in inner Mongolia.Geology and Exploration,2007,43(4):61-64.
[5]梁光河,蔡新平,张宝林,等.浅层地震勘探方法在金矿深部预测中的应用[J].地质与勘探,2001,37(6):29-33.Liang Guang-he,Cai Xin-ping,Zhang Bao-lin,et al.The application of seismic exploration method in deep prediction of gold deposits.Geology and Exploration,2001,37(6):29-33.
[6]徐明才,高景华,荣立新,等.地面地震层析成像和高分辨率地震联合勘探技术[J].地质与勘探,2005,41(4):83-87.Xu Ming-cai,Gao Jing-hua,Rong Li-xin,et al.Combining exploration technique of the ground seismic tomography and the high-resolution seismic method.Geology and Exploration,2005,41(4):83-87.
[7]Aki,K.,Richards P.G.Quantitative Seismology.Freeman and Co.,San Francisco,1980.
[8]Wu,R.S.,Aki,K.Scattering Characteristics of Elastic Waves by an Elastic Heterogeneity[J].Geophysics,1985,50:582-595.
[9]Bancroft J.C.,Geiger H.D.Equivalent offset CRP gather:Pres-ented at64th SEGMtg,1994:672～675.
[10]Bancroft J.C.,Geiger H.D,Foltinek D.,et al.Prestack mi-gration by equivalent offsets and common scatter point(CSP)gathers:57th Mtg.Eur.Assoc.Expl Geophys,Extended Ab-stracts,Session:124.
[11]Bancroft J.C.Natural antialiasing in equivalent offset prestack migration:66th Annual Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1996:1465～1466.
[12]Bancroft J.C.Computational speed of EOM relative to standard Kirchhoff Migration:CREWES Project Research Report,1998,Vol.9,Ch.43.
[13]Bancroft,J.C.Optimum CSP gathers with fixed equivalent off-set:CREWES Project Research Report,1998,Vol.9,Ch.44.
[14]尹军杰.地震散射波场特征的数值模拟研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005.Yin Jun-jie.Numerical simulation of the seismic scattered wave[D].Beijing:China University of Geology,2005.
[15]勾丽敏.散射波成像处理技术研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2007.Gou Li-min.Aresearch of the scattered wave imaging[D].Bei-jing:China University of Geology,2007.
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