四川汶川Ms8级地震触发的典型滑坡的风险指标反演
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摘要
2008年汶川大地震触发了数以万计的崩塌和滑坡,特别是沿发震断裂分布一系列大型的高速远程滑坡。为了探索地震诱发大型高速远程滑坡运动速度的反演方法,以汶川大地震典型高速远程滑坡为例,在野外调查和室内分析的基础上,结合前人的研究成果,对沿映秀-北川断裂展布的5个典型滑坡的速度进行了反演和计算。结果表明,5个滑坡的最大速度均大于50m/s,其中大光包滑坡速度最大,其下部滑体的最大速度约为300m/s,上部滑体凌空飞行的初速度高达165.6m/s。同时,对上述滑坡的视摩擦系数进行了计算,4个滑坡的视摩擦系数介于0.16～0.4之间。这一研究的目的在于为类似地区地震滑坡的速度、最大位移量的预测和风险评估提供基础数据,对于类似地区的防灾减灾具有一定的参考价值。
The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008 has triggered thousands of landslides,and many high velocity landslides with long distance are distributed along active faults. In order to study on the inversion method and risk evaluation indices of landslide velocity,taking typical high velocity landslides with long distance triggered by Wenchuan earthquake as example,based on field investigation and in-door analysis,referring to previous achievements. This paper has inversed and calculated the velocities of five landslides along Beichuan-Yingxiu faults,it's indicated that the maximum velocity is above 50m/s,while the lower part of Daguangba landslide can be as high as 300m/s,the initial velocity of higher part reached as high as 165.6 m/s. Meanwhile,the regarded friction coefficients of five landslides are also obtained in between 0.16 and 0.4. With the purpose of providing fundamental data for prediction and risk evaluation of velocity,maximum distance of similar earthquake triggered landslides,this paper can be referable for disaster prevention and mitigation.
The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12,2008 has triggered thousands of landslides,and many high velocity landslides with long distance are distributed along active faults. In order to study on the inversion method and risk evaluation indices of landslide velocity,taking typical high velocity landslides with long distance triggered by Wenchuan earthquake as example,based on field investigation and in-door analysis,referring to previous achievements. This paper has inversed and calculated the velocities of five landslides along Beichuan-Yingxiu faults,it's indicated that the maximum velocity is above 50m/s,while the lower part of Daguangba landslide can be as high as 300m/s,the initial velocity of higher part reached as high as 165.6 m/s. Meanwhile,the regarded friction coefficients of five landslides are also obtained in between 0.16 and 0.4. With the purpose of providing fundamental data for prediction and risk evaluation of velocity,maximum distance of similar earthquake triggered landslides,this paper can be referable for disaster prevention and mitigation.
引文
[1]Marten Geertsema,John J Clague,James W Schwab,et al.An overview of recent large catastrophic landslides in northern British Columbia,Canada[J].Engineering Geology,2006,83:120-143.
[2]Stephen G Evans,Olga V Tutubalina,Valery N,et al.Catastrophic detachment and high-velocity long-runout flow of Kolka Glacier,Caucasus Mountains,Russia in2002[J].Geomorphology,2009,105:314-321.
[3]Alexander L Strom,Oliver Korup.Extremely large rockslides and rock avalanches in the Tien Shan Mountains,Kyrgyzstan[J].Land-slides,2006,3:125-136.
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[5]Hewitt K.Rock avalanches with complex run out and emplacement,Karakoram Himalaya,inter Asia[M]//Evans S G,et al.Landslides from Massive Rock Slope Failure,Springer,2006:521-550.
[6]Mitchell W A,McSaveney M J,Zondervan A,et al.The KeylongSerai rock avalanche,NW Indian Himalaya:geomorphology and palaeoseismic implications[J].Landslides,2007,4:245-254.
[7]Kenneth Hewitt.Catastrophic landslide deposits in the Karakoram Himalaya[J].Science,1988,242:64-67.
[8]Gerald F Wieczorek,James B Snyder,Richard B Waitt,et al.Un-usual July10,1996,rock fall at Happy Isles,Yosemite National Park,California[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2000,112(1):75-85.
[9]Reginald L Hermanns,Luis Fauque,Lionel Fidel Small,et al.Overview of Catastrophic Mega-rockslides in the Andes of Argenti na,Bolivia,Chile,Ecuador and Peru[C]//The First World Landslide Forum,Parallel Session Volume,2008:255-258.
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[11]Andreas von Poschinger.The Flims Rock Slide Theatre,a Drama in Several Stages[C]//The First World Landslide Forum,Parallel Ses-sion Volume,2008:489-492.
[12]Alexander L Strom.Catastrophic slides and avalanches[M].Sassa K,Canuti P.Landslides-Disaster Risk Reduction,Springer,2009:379-399.
[13]Sandra G Catane,Hillel B Cabria,Cristituto P,et al.Catastrophic rockslide-debris avalanche at St.Bernard,Southern Leyte,Philip-pines[J].Landslide,2007,4:85-90.
[14]Marten Geertsema,Oldrich Hungr,James W Schwab,et al.A largerockslide-debris avalanche in cohesive soil at Pink Mountain,northeastern British Columbia,Canada[J].Engineering Geology,2006,83:64-75.
[15]程谦恭,张倬元,黄润秋.高速远程崩滑动力学的研究现状及发展趋势[J].山地学报,2007,25(1):72-84.
[16]徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):597-627.
[17]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433-444.
[18]陈晓清,崔鹏,程尊兰,等.5·12汶川地震堰塞湖危险性应急评估[J].地学前缘,2008,15(4):244-257.
[19]许强,黄润秋.5·12汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力学初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721-729.
[20]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730-741.
[21]吴树仁,石菊松,王涛.突发地质灾害预测评价[J].地质通报,2008,27(11):1753-1763.
[22]吴树仁,石菊松,姚鑫,等.四川汶川大地震地质灾害活动强度分析评价[J].地质通报,2008,27(11):1900-1906.
[23]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川大地震触发地质灾害的断层效应[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):19-28.
[24]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):29-38.
[25]Dai F C,Lee C F,Ngai Y Y.Landslide risk assessment and man-agement:an overview[J].Engineering Geology,2002,64:65-87.
[26]Van Westen C J,Van Asch T W J,Socters R.Landslide hazard and risk zonation-Why is it still so difficult?[J].Bull.Eng.Geol.Env.,2005,64:5-23.
[27]Evans S G.Rock avalanche run-up record[J].Nature,1989,340:271.
[2]Stephen G Evans,Olga V Tutubalina,Valery N,et al.Catastrophic detachment and high-velocity long-runout flow of Kolka Glacier,Caucasus Mountains,Russia in2002[J].Geomorphology,2009,105:314-321.
[3]Alexander L Strom,Oliver Korup.Extremely large rockslides and rock avalanches in the Tien Shan Mountains,Kyrgyzstan[J].Land-slides,2006,3:125-136.
[4]Schuster R L.Impacts of landslides dams on mountain valley mor-phology[M]//Evans S G,et al.Landslides from Massive Rock Slope Failure,Springer,2006:591-616.
[5]Hewitt K.Rock avalanches with complex run out and emplacement,Karakoram Himalaya,inter Asia[M]//Evans S G,et al.Landslides from Massive Rock Slope Failure,Springer,2006:521-550.
[6]Mitchell W A,McSaveney M J,Zondervan A,et al.The KeylongSerai rock avalanche,NW Indian Himalaya:geomorphology and palaeoseismic implications[J].Landslides,2007,4:245-254.
[7]Kenneth Hewitt.Catastrophic landslide deposits in the Karakoram Himalaya[J].Science,1988,242:64-67.
[8]Gerald F Wieczorek,James B Snyder,Richard B Waitt,et al.Un-usual July10,1996,rock fall at Happy Isles,Yosemite National Park,California[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2000,112(1):75-85.
[9]Reginald L Hermanns,Luis Fauque,Lionel Fidel Small,et al.Overview of Catastrophic Mega-rockslides in the Andes of Argenti na,Bolivia,Chile,Ecuador and Peru[C]//The First World Landslide Forum,Parallel Session Volume,2008:255-258.
[10]Kenneth Hewitt.Catastrophic Landslides in Context and Control:Late Quaternary Developments in the Nanga Parbat-Haramosh Massif,Northern Pakistan[C]//The First World Landslide Forum,Parallel Session Volume,2008:259-262.
[11]Andreas von Poschinger.The Flims Rock Slide Theatre,a Drama in Several Stages[C]//The First World Landslide Forum,Parallel Ses-sion Volume,2008:489-492.
[12]Alexander L Strom.Catastrophic slides and avalanches[M].Sassa K,Canuti P.Landslides-Disaster Risk Reduction,Springer,2009:379-399.
[13]Sandra G Catane,Hillel B Cabria,Cristituto P,et al.Catastrophic rockslide-debris avalanche at St.Bernard,Southern Leyte,Philip-pines[J].Landslide,2007,4:85-90.
[14]Marten Geertsema,Oldrich Hungr,James W Schwab,et al.A largerockslide-debris avalanche in cohesive soil at Pink Mountain,northeastern British Columbia,Canada[J].Engineering Geology,2006,83:64-75.
[15]程谦恭,张倬元,黄润秋.高速远程崩滑动力学的研究现状及发展趋势[J].山地学报,2007,25(1):72-84.
[16]徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):597-627.
[17]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433-444.
[18]陈晓清,崔鹏,程尊兰,等.5·12汶川地震堰塞湖危险性应急评估[J].地学前缘,2008,15(4):244-257.
[19]许强,黄润秋.5·12汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力学初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721-729.
[20]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730-741.
[21]吴树仁,石菊松,王涛.突发地质灾害预测评价[J].地质通报,2008,27(11):1753-1763.
[22]吴树仁,石菊松,姚鑫,等.四川汶川大地震地质灾害活动强度分析评价[J].地质通报,2008,27(11):1900-1906.
[23]黄润秋,李为乐.汶川大地震触发地质灾害的断层效应[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):19-28.
[24]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):29-38.
[25]Dai F C,Lee C F,Ngai Y Y.Landslide risk assessment and man-agement:an overview[J].Engineering Geology,2002,64:65-87.
[26]Van Westen C J,Van Asch T W J,Socters R.Landslide hazard and risk zonation-Why is it still so difficult?[J].Bull.Eng.Geol.Env.,2005,64:5-23.
[27]Evans S G.Rock avalanche run-up record[J].Nature,1989,340:271.
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