随钻地震技术研究进展
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摘要
在钻井作业中利用地震波传感器对常规地震震源(如气枪、可控震源或炸药震源)或非常规震源(钻头振动)产生的地震波信号进行记录并获取VSP或逆VSP数据的技术被称为随钻地震技术。对该领域国内外研究进展进行了回顾,并对钻头随钻地震、扫频脉冲震击器随钻地震、随钻VSP等3种典型技术的原理、系统组成、功能、商业化应用及其优缺点进行了具体介绍和对比。通过分析,为国内随钻地震的下一步研究发展方向提出了建议。
Seismic While Drilling(SWD)specifically encompasses the seismic techniques to be operated while the drillstring is lowered in the borehole. The seismic wave field is detected and recorded by sensor deployed on the surface or integrated on the downhole tools. Regular seismic sources(such as explosive, air-gun and vibroseis)or drill-bit vibrations is utilized as the sources to obtain the VSP or Reverse-VSP data as well as check-shot data. This paper provides a state of the art review on both Drill-Bit SWD, the Swept Impulse Tool and VSP-SWD techniques used by the Industry. The principle, system configuration, function, and business application are described in detail, as well as advantages and shortcomings. The domestic research and development direction of SWD is suggested through analysis.
Seismic While Drilling(SWD)specifically encompasses the seismic techniques to be operated while the drillstring is lowered in the borehole. The seismic wave field is detected and recorded by sensor deployed on the surface or integrated on the downhole tools. Regular seismic sources(such as explosive, air-gun and vibroseis)or drill-bit vibrations is utilized as the sources to obtain the VSP or Reverse-VSP data as well as check-shot data. This paper provides a state of the art review on both Drill-Bit SWD, the Swept Impulse Tool and VSP-SWD techniques used by the Industry. The principle, system configuration, function, and business application are described in detail, as well as advantages and shortcomings. The domestic research and development direction of SWD is suggested through analysis.
引文
[1]N AVILLE C S,SERBUTOVIEZ A,THROO O,VINCKE F CECCONI.Seismic while drilling(SWD)techniques with downhole measurements[J].Oil AND GAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,2004-59:371-404.
[2]S TARON P,ARENS G,GROS P.Instantaneous diagraphy using spaced sound recorders-by correlating their signals to determine acoustic energy and time lag.1985.WO8505696-A1;FR2564980-A1;WO8505696-A;FR2564980-A;AU8543572-A;NO8600205-A;NL8520124-A;GB2173596-A;GB2173596-B;US4718048-A;CA1255783-A;IT1209634-B;NL192224-B.
[3]R ECTOR III J W,MARION B P.The use of drill-bit energy as a downhole seismic source[J].Geophysics,1991,56(5):628-634.
[4]G UESNON J,PIGNARD G.IFP tests its new trafor mwd system[J].Ocean Industry,1992.
[5]韩继勇.随钻地震中地层参数的预测[J].测井技术,2000,2(43):176-178,187.HAN Jiyong.Prediction of formation parameters in seismic while drilling[J].Well Logging Technology,2000,24(3)176-178,187.
[6]张绍槐,韩继勇,朱根法.随钻地震技术的理论及工程应用[J].石油学报,1999,2(02):67-72.ZHANG Shaohuai,HAN Jiyong,ZHU Genfa.Petroleum engineering the engineering application and theory of seis mic while drilling[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1999,20(2)67-72.
[7]张绍槐.钻井录井信息与随钻测量信息的集成和发展[J].录井工程,2008,1(94):26-31.ZHANG Shaohuai.The integration and development of drilling-mud logging information and MWD informatio[nJ].Mud Logging Engineering,2008,19(4):26-31.
[8]杨进,谢玉洪,黄凯文.随钻地震技术在异常高压地层预测中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,3(46):755-759.YANG Jin,XIE Yuhong,HUANG Kaiwen.Application of seismic while drilling technique in prediction of abnormally high pressure formation[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,34(6):755-759.
[9]杨进,李中,谢玉洪.随钻地震技术在套管下入深度确定中的应用[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2007,3(15):41-43,47.YANG Jin,LI Zhong,XIE Yuhong.SWD technology ap-plication in choosing casing setting depth[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2007,31(5):41-43,47.
[10]朱键,高韶燕.随钻地震资料反演预测超高压层段[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,3(81):38-43.ZHU Jian,GAO Shaoyan.Prediction of superpressure stra-tum using inversion of seismic while drilling(SWD)dat[aJ].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(1):38-43.
[11]罗斌,王宝彬.随钻地震波场空间传播特征研究及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,4(01):58-64,70.LUO Bin,WANG Baobin.Study and application of spatial propagation characteristics of SWD seismic wavefield[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(1):58-64,70.
[12]杨微,葛洪魁,宁靖,等.流动地震仪检测钻头振动信号的现场试验[J].地球物理学进展,2007,2(22):622-628.YANG Wei,GE Hongkui,NING Jing,et al.Field test of the drill-bit Vibration signal detection using portable seismometers[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(2):622-628.
[13]王鹏,葛洪魁,陆斌,等.随钻地震波场传播与数据处理方法的数值实验[J].石油钻探技术,2009,3(72):5-9.WANG Peng,GE Hongkui,LU Bin,et al.Numerical simu-lation on SWD seismic wave propagation and data process-ing[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2009,37(2):5-9.
[14]唐志军,韩来聚,刘新华.自动化智能化钻井技术进展[J].石油地质与工程,2009,2(31):93-97.TANG Zhijun,HAN Laiju,LIU Xinhua.Advance of auto-matic intelligent drilling techniques[J].Petroleum Geol-ogy and Engineering,2009,2(31):93-97.
[15]李兴龙,姚恒申.ARMA模型在随钻地震技术中的应用[J].内江科技,2010,(1):74.LI Xinglong,YAO Hengshen.Application of ARMA model to SWD technology[J].Neijiang Science&Technology,2010,(1):74.
[16]BORLAND W,HAYASHIDA N,KUSAKA H,LEANEY W,NAKANISHI S.Drill bit seismic,vertical seismic profiling,and seismic depth imaging to aid drilling decisions in the Tho Tinh structure,Nam Con Son basin,Vietnam[C].95th Society of Exploration Geophysicists of Japan,Kyoto,Oct23,1996:27-44.
[17]DRUMHELLER D.Acoustical properties of drill strings[J].The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1989,(85):1048.
[18]BOOER A,MEEHAN R.Drillstring imaging-an interpretation of surface drilling vibrations[R].SPE Drilling And Completion,1993-08:93.
[19]MARPLE JR S,CAREY W.Digital spectral analysis with applications[J].The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1989,(86):2043.
[20]HARDAGE B.Crosswell seismology and reverse VSP[M].Geophysical Press,1992.
[21]WIDROW B,STEARNS S.Adaptive signal processing.1985.
[22]KOLLE J.HydroPulse Drilling.2004,Tempress Technologies,Inc.
[23]KOLLE J J,THEIMER K.Seismic-while-drilling using a swept-impulse source[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,2005.57(8):67-69.
[24]UNDERHILL W,ESMERSOY C,HAWTHORN A,HASHEM M,HENDRICKSON J,SCHEIBEL J.Demonstrations of real-time borehole seismic from an LWD tool[J].SPE71365,2001:1-5.
[25]RECTORⅢJ W,HARDAGE B A.Radiation pattern and seismic waves generated by a working roller-cone drill bit[J].Geophysics,1992,57(10):1319-1333.
[26]HARROLD T,POOLE A,NELSON V,HAWTHORN A,UNDERRHILL W.Seismic measurement while drilling in Azerbaijan and Brazil[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,2003,55(2):52-54.
[27]JAKOB B U H,ESMERSOY C,HAWTHORN A,MARY L K,RAIKES S,HARROLD T,DAY D N,CLIPPARD J D.Optimizing the well construction process:full-waveform data from while-drilling seismic measurements in the South Caspian Sea,in SPE/IADC2003Drilling conference.2003:Amsterdam,The Netherlands.
[28]乐友喜,罗焕宏,郭旭光,等.波场延拓法VSP正演模拟[J].物探与化探,2008,3(26):693-695.LE Youxi,LUO Huanhong,GUO Xuguang,et al.VSP for-ward modeling with the wave field extrapolation metho[dJ].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2008,32(6):693-695.
[29]GAISER J E,DISIENA J P.VSP fundamentals that improve CDP data interpretation[J].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1982,1(1):154-156.
[30]廖琪梅,李安宗,屈景辉,等.随钻测井钻井液脉冲信号基线漂移的矫正[J].石油钻采工艺,2008,3(04):41-43.LIAO Qimei,LI Anzong,QU Jinghui,et al.Mud singnal baseline drift rectification in measurement while drilling[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2008,30(4):41-43.
[31]张炳顺,刘月军,吕志忠,等.Backer LWD无线随钻测井系统现场应用与维护[J].石油钻采工艺,2008,30(1):63-65.ZHANG Bingshun,LIU Yuejun,LV Zhizhong,et al.Field maintenance and repairing technology for Baker wireless LWD system[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2008,30(1):63-65.
[32]张岚,赵春明,霍春亮,等.随钻地质建模一体化综合研究及应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2009,3(1S1):21-24.ZHANG Lan,ZHAO Chunming,HUO Chunliang,et al.Study and application of integrated geologic modeling while drilling[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2009,3(1S1):21-24.
[2]S TARON P,ARENS G,GROS P.Instantaneous diagraphy using spaced sound recorders-by correlating their signals to determine acoustic energy and time lag.1985.WO8505696-A1;FR2564980-A1;WO8505696-A;FR2564980-A;AU8543572-A;NO8600205-A;NL8520124-A;GB2173596-A;GB2173596-B;US4718048-A;CA1255783-A;IT1209634-B;NL192224-B.
[3]R ECTOR III J W,MARION B P.The use of drill-bit energy as a downhole seismic source[J].Geophysics,1991,56(5):628-634.
[4]G UESNON J,PIGNARD G.IFP tests its new trafor mwd system[J].Ocean Industry,1992.
[5]韩继勇.随钻地震中地层参数的预测[J].测井技术,2000,2(43):176-178,187.HAN Jiyong.Prediction of formation parameters in seismic while drilling[J].Well Logging Technology,2000,24(3)176-178,187.
[6]张绍槐,韩继勇,朱根法.随钻地震技术的理论及工程应用[J].石油学报,1999,2(02):67-72.ZHANG Shaohuai,HAN Jiyong,ZHU Genfa.Petroleum engineering the engineering application and theory of seis mic while drilling[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1999,20(2)67-72.
[7]张绍槐.钻井录井信息与随钻测量信息的集成和发展[J].录井工程,2008,1(94):26-31.ZHANG Shaohuai.The integration and development of drilling-mud logging information and MWD informatio[nJ].Mud Logging Engineering,2008,19(4):26-31.
[8]杨进,谢玉洪,黄凯文.随钻地震技术在异常高压地层预测中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,3(46):755-759.YANG Jin,XIE Yuhong,HUANG Kaiwen.Application of seismic while drilling technique in prediction of abnormally high pressure formation[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,34(6):755-759.
[9]杨进,李中,谢玉洪.随钻地震技术在套管下入深度确定中的应用[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2007,3(15):41-43,47.YANG Jin,LI Zhong,XIE Yuhong.SWD technology ap-plication in choosing casing setting depth[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2007,31(5):41-43,47.
[10]朱键,高韶燕.随钻地震资料反演预测超高压层段[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,3(81):38-43.ZHU Jian,GAO Shaoyan.Prediction of superpressure stra-tum using inversion of seismic while drilling(SWD)dat[aJ].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(1):38-43.
[11]罗斌,王宝彬.随钻地震波场空间传播特征研究及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,4(01):58-64,70.LUO Bin,WANG Baobin.Study and application of spatial propagation characteristics of SWD seismic wavefield[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(1):58-64,70.
[12]杨微,葛洪魁,宁靖,等.流动地震仪检测钻头振动信号的现场试验[J].地球物理学进展,2007,2(22):622-628.YANG Wei,GE Hongkui,NING Jing,et al.Field test of the drill-bit Vibration signal detection using portable seismometers[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(2):622-628.
[13]王鹏,葛洪魁,陆斌,等.随钻地震波场传播与数据处理方法的数值实验[J].石油钻探技术,2009,3(72):5-9.WANG Peng,GE Hongkui,LU Bin,et al.Numerical simu-lation on SWD seismic wave propagation and data process-ing[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2009,37(2):5-9.
[14]唐志军,韩来聚,刘新华.自动化智能化钻井技术进展[J].石油地质与工程,2009,2(31):93-97.TANG Zhijun,HAN Laiju,LIU Xinhua.Advance of auto-matic intelligent drilling techniques[J].Petroleum Geol-ogy and Engineering,2009,2(31):93-97.
[15]李兴龙,姚恒申.ARMA模型在随钻地震技术中的应用[J].内江科技,2010,(1):74.LI Xinglong,YAO Hengshen.Application of ARMA model to SWD technology[J].Neijiang Science&Technology,2010,(1):74.
[16]BORLAND W,HAYASHIDA N,KUSAKA H,LEANEY W,NAKANISHI S.Drill bit seismic,vertical seismic profiling,and seismic depth imaging to aid drilling decisions in the Tho Tinh structure,Nam Con Son basin,Vietnam[C].95th Society of Exploration Geophysicists of Japan,Kyoto,Oct23,1996:27-44.
[17]DRUMHELLER D.Acoustical properties of drill strings[J].The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1989,(85):1048.
[18]BOOER A,MEEHAN R.Drillstring imaging-an interpretation of surface drilling vibrations[R].SPE Drilling And Completion,1993-08:93.
[19]MARPLE JR S,CAREY W.Digital spectral analysis with applications[J].The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1989,(86):2043.
[20]HARDAGE B.Crosswell seismology and reverse VSP[M].Geophysical Press,1992.
[21]WIDROW B,STEARNS S.Adaptive signal processing.1985.
[22]KOLLE J.HydroPulse Drilling.2004,Tempress Technologies,Inc.
[23]KOLLE J J,THEIMER K.Seismic-while-drilling using a swept-impulse source[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,2005.57(8):67-69.
[24]UNDERHILL W,ESMERSOY C,HAWTHORN A,HASHEM M,HENDRICKSON J,SCHEIBEL J.Demonstrations of real-time borehole seismic from an LWD tool[J].SPE71365,2001:1-5.
[25]RECTORⅢJ W,HARDAGE B A.Radiation pattern and seismic waves generated by a working roller-cone drill bit[J].Geophysics,1992,57(10):1319-1333.
[26]HARROLD T,POOLE A,NELSON V,HAWTHORN A,UNDERRHILL W.Seismic measurement while drilling in Azerbaijan and Brazil[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,2003,55(2):52-54.
[27]JAKOB B U H,ESMERSOY C,HAWTHORN A,MARY L K,RAIKES S,HARROLD T,DAY D N,CLIPPARD J D.Optimizing the well construction process:full-waveform data from while-drilling seismic measurements in the South Caspian Sea,in SPE/IADC2003Drilling conference.2003:Amsterdam,The Netherlands.
[28]乐友喜,罗焕宏,郭旭光,等.波场延拓法VSP正演模拟[J].物探与化探,2008,3(26):693-695.LE Youxi,LUO Huanhong,GUO Xuguang,et al.VSP for-ward modeling with the wave field extrapolation metho[dJ].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2008,32(6):693-695.
[29]GAISER J E,DISIENA J P.VSP fundamentals that improve CDP data interpretation[J].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1982,1(1):154-156.
[30]廖琪梅,李安宗,屈景辉,等.随钻测井钻井液脉冲信号基线漂移的矫正[J].石油钻采工艺,2008,3(04):41-43.LIAO Qimei,LI Anzong,QU Jinghui,et al.Mud singnal baseline drift rectification in measurement while drilling[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2008,30(4):41-43.
[31]张炳顺,刘月军,吕志忠,等.Backer LWD无线随钻测井系统现场应用与维护[J].石油钻采工艺,2008,30(1):63-65.ZHANG Bingshun,LIU Yuejun,LV Zhizhong,et al.Field maintenance and repairing technology for Baker wireless LWD system[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2008,30(1):63-65.
[32]张岚,赵春明,霍春亮,等.随钻地质建模一体化综合研究及应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2009,3(1S1):21-24.ZHANG Lan,ZHAO Chunming,HUO Chunliang,et al.Study and application of integrated geologic modeling while drilling[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2009,3(1S1):21-24.
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