采矿诱发地震分类的探讨
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摘要
为有利于矿震灾害的预测、预防和治理,针对目前矿震各种分类间尚未建立起相互联系体系的现状,应用该灾害机制的最新研究成果,按照有利于对症治理灾害的原则,照顾到已被普通接受的习惯,提出矿震层级分类的概念、原则和优越性。按照矿震发生受原生构造应力场作用方式、岩石介质物理力学性质及岩层力学结构对矿震的控制作用、矿震与采矿活动的相关性、次生应力场动力来源和矿震发生及破坏的部位分出5个层级16种矿震类型,强调区域构造应力场和开挖造成的岩体应力状态改变在矿震分类、研究和治理中作用的重要。
Currently,the different methods for classification of mining-induced seismicity have no relation with each other.In order to be convenient for prediction,prevention and control of the mining-induced seismicity,based on the latest research results on the mechanism of the disasters,the classification of mining-induced seismicity is presented in this paper,following the principles of benefiting disaster prevention and control and non-conflicting to practices adopted both at home and abroad.The concept,principle and advantages of the hiberarchy classification of the mining-induced seismicity are given.5 classes and 16 types of mining-induced seismic events are classified based on the influence of in-situ tectonic stress field,physical and mechanical properties of rocks,rock mass structures,correlation between seismicity and mining activity,source of mining-induced stress change,and the locations of seismic sources and rock mass failure.The importance of regional tectonic stress field and stress change due to mining is emphasized in the mining-induced seismicity classification,research,and control.
Currently,the different methods for classification of mining-induced seismicity have no relation with each other.In order to be convenient for prediction,prevention and control of the mining-induced seismicity,based on the latest research results on the mechanism of the disasters,the classification of mining-induced seismicity is presented in this paper,following the principles of benefiting disaster prevention and control and non-conflicting to practices adopted both at home and abroad.The concept,principle and advantages of the hiberarchy classification of the mining-induced seismicity are given.5 classes and 16 types of mining-induced seismic events are classified based on the influence of in-situ tectonic stress field,physical and mechanical properties of rocks,rock mass structures,correlation between seismicity and mining activity,source of mining-induced stress change,and the locations of seismic sources and rock mass failure.The importance of regional tectonic stress field and stress change due to mining is emphasized in the mining-induced seismicity classification,research,and control.
引文
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[16]Gay N C.Rock-engineering strategies to meet the safety andproduction needs of the South African mining industry in the 21stcentury[J].The Jounal of the South African Institute of Mining andMetallurgy,1995,(2):115–l35.
[17]Horner R B,Hasegawa H S.The seismotectonics of southernSaskatchewan[J].Can.J.Earth Sci.,1978,15:1 341–1 355.
[18]Hasegawa H S,Wetmiller R J,Gendzwill D J.Induced seismicity inmines in Canada—an overview[J].Pure Appl.Geophys.,1989,129:423–453.
[19]Morrison D M,MacDonald P.Rockbursts at INCO Mines[A].In:Proc.the 2nd Int.Symp.Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines[C].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1990.263–267.
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[21]Scott D F.Relationship of geologic features to seismic events,LuckyFriday Mine,Mullan,Idaho[A].In:Proc.the 2nd Int.Symp.Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines[C].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1990.401–405.
[22]Scott D F,Williams T J,Friedel M J.Investigation of a rock-burstsite,Sunshine Mine,Kellogg,Idaho[A].In:Proc.the 4th Int.Symp.Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines[C].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1997.311–315.
[23]张少泉,张兆平,杨懋源,等.矿山冲击的地震学研究与开发[J].中国地震,1993,9(1):1–8.(Zhang Shaoquan,Zhang Zhaoping,YangMaoyuan,et al.The seismological research and development onmining tremor[J].Earthquake Research in China,1993,9(1):1–8.(inChinese))
[24]潘一山,李忠华,张梦涛.我国冲击地压分布、类型、机制及防治研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1 844–1 851.(PanYishan,Li Zhonghua,Zhang Mengtao.Distribution,type,mechanismand prevention on rockburst in China[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanicsand Engineering,2003,22(11):1 844–1 851.(in Chinese))
[25]Reid H F.The elastic-rebound theory of earthquakes[J].Bull.Dept.Geol.Univ.Calif.,1911,(6):412–444.
[26]Gibowicz S J.The mechanism of large mining tremors in Poland[A].In:Gay N C,Wainwright E H ed.Rockbursts and Seismicity inMines[C].[s.l.]:[s.n.],1984.17–28.
[27]McGarr A.Some applications of seismic source mechanism studies toassessing underground hazard[A].In:Gay N C,Wainwright E H ed.Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines[C].[s.l.]:[s.n.],1984.199–208.
[28]Gibowicz S J.Keynote lecture:the mechanism of seismic eventsinduced by mining a review[A].In:Rockburst and Seismicity inMines[C].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1990.3–27.
[29]Cai M,Kaiser P K.Numerical simulation of acoustic emission andits application to stability monitoring of large-scale undergroundexcavations[R].Sudbury,Ontario:Laurentian University,2003.
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