基于谱分解技术的储层定量地震解释
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摘要
谱分解技术是一项新的地震储层研究技术,它通过离散傅里叶变换或最大熵的方法将地震资料从时问域转换到频率域进行研究。根据地震波传播理论推导了薄层振幅谱的表达式,证实了薄层谱的频陷特性,即频陷周期的例教等于薄层的时间厚度。并以此原理为基础,探讨了基于谱分解技术的储层厚度估算的研究思路和技术方法。在实际直用中,通过建立目的层精确的速度场分布和沿层调谐体中第一谱峰频率的求取来达到储层厚度的定量解释。应用实例表明,该方法预测的结果与实钻情况具有很高的吻合度,结果可信,为储层的定量地震解释提供了新的手段和方法,具有广阔的应用前景。
Spectral decomposition is a new technique for seismic reservoir research that transforms seismic data from time domain to frequency domain by discrete Fourier transform or maximum entropy approach.According to the theory of seismic wave propagation,this paper deduces the amplitude spectrum expression of thin beds and confirms their notches characteristics of spectrum,i.e.the reciprocal of notches period equals to the temporal thickness of thin bed.With this principle,we discuss ideas and methods of estimating reservoir thickness based on spectral decomposition.In practice,quantitative interpretation of reservoir thickness is realized by establishing a precise velocity field of targets and computing the first spectral peak frequency in target tuning cube.The application shows that the prediction results are consistent with the drilling data,indicating they are credible.Spectral decomposition provides a new approach and method for quantitative seismic interpretation of reservoirs and has broad application prospects.
Spectral decomposition is a new technique for seismic reservoir research that transforms seismic data from time domain to frequency domain by discrete Fourier transform or maximum entropy approach.According to the theory of seismic wave propagation,this paper deduces the amplitude spectrum expression of thin beds and confirms their notches characteristics of spectrum,i.e.the reciprocal of notches period equals to the temporal thickness of thin bed.With this principle,we discuss ideas and methods of estimating reservoir thickness based on spectral decomposition.In practice,quantitative interpretation of reservoir thickness is realized by establishing a precise velocity field of targets and computing the first spectral peak frequency in target tuning cube.The application shows that the prediction results are consistent with the drilling data,indicating they are credible.Spectral decomposition provides a new approach and method for quantitative seismic interpretation of reservoirs and has broad application prospects.
引文
[1]李来林,陈小宏.定量地震解释[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:117-124. Li Lailin,Chen Xiaohong.Quantitative seismic interpretation [M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009;117-124.
[2]刘建华,刘天放,李得春.薄层厚度定量解释研究[J].物探与化探,1997,21(1):23-28. Liu Jianhua,Liu Tianfang,Li Dechun.Quantitative interpretation of thin bed thickness[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,1997,21(1 ):23-28.
[3]张军华,陆文志,王月英,等.薄层地球物理特征再认识[J].石油物探,2004,43(6):541-546. Zhang Junhua,Lu Wenzhi,Wang Yueying,et al.Research of geophysical characteristics in thin-beds[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(6):541 -546.
[4]龙建东.薄层厚度与振幅、频率关系的神经网络BP法模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(6):817-822. Long Jiandong.Neural network BP modeling of the relation between thin bed thickness and amplitude & frequency[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1995,30(6):817-822.
[5]柏冠军,吴汉宁,赵希刚,等.地震资料预测薄层厚度方法研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):554- 558. Bai Guanjun,Wu Hanning,Zhao Xigang,et al.Research on prediction of thin bed thickness using seismic data and its application [J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):554 - 558.
[6]Partyka G,Gridley J,Lopez J.Interpretational application of spectral decomposition in reservoir characterization[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(3):353 -360.
[7]盛秋红,肖兰雄.频谱成像技术在采穴构造储层预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(1):141-145. Sheng Qiuhong,Xiao Lanxiong.Application of spectrum imaging technique to the reservoir prediction of the Caixue Structure [J].Oil & Gas Geology,2008,29(1):141 -145.
[8]朱定,孙素琴,蒋进勇.分频解释技术在塔河油田储层预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(1):49- 53. Zhu Ding,Sun Suqin,Jiang Jinyong.Application of frequency division interpretation technique to reservoir prediction in Tahe oilfield[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2010,31(1):49 -53.
[9]张延庆,魏小东,王亚楠,等.谱分解技术在QL油田小断层识别与解释中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41 (5):584-591. Zhang Yanqing,Wei Xiaodong,Wang Yahan,et al.Application of spectral factorization in recognition and interpretation of minor faults in QL oilfield[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2006,41(5):584-591.
[10]范洪军,李军,肖毓祥,等.地震分频技术在扇三角洲演化过程中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(5): 682-686. Fan Hongjun,Li Jun,Xiao Yuxiang.et al.Application of seismic frequency-division technology in the study of fan-delta evolution[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2007,28(5):682-686.
[11]张江华,林承焰,于彦,等.分频解释技术在岩性储层描述中的应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2008,36(5):70-76. Zhang Jianghua,Lin Chengyan,Yu Yan,et al.Application of frequency-shared interpretation technique for lithology reservoir description[J].Coal Geology & Exploration,2008,36(5): 70-76.
[12]季玉新,刘春园,陈冬,等.分频反演方法及其在塔河A ??区储层预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31 (1):38-42. Ji Yuxin,Liu Chunyuan,Cheng Dong,et al.Frequency-divided inversion and its application to reservoir prediction in Block A of Tahe oilfield[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2010,31 (1):38-42.
[13]崔永谦,秦凤启,卢永和,等.河流相沉积储层地震精细预测方法研究与应用——以渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷古近系河道砂为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(5):668- 672. Cui Yongqian,Qin Fengqi,Lu Yonghe,et al.Research and application of detailed seismic prediction in fluvial reservoirs—an example from the palaeogene channel sand in the Jizhong Depression, the Bohai Bay Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2009, 30(5):668-672.
[14]张延章,尹寿鹏,张巧玲,等.地震分频技术的地质内涵及其效果分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(1):64-66. Zhang Yanzhang,Yin Shoupeng,Zhang Qiaoling,et al.Geologic significance of the seismic spectral decomposition technology and its application analysis[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2006,33(1):64-66.
[15]黄绪德.薄层陷频法[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(5): 1-6. Huang Xude.Discussion on notches-in-thin-bed[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2002,25(5):1-6.
[16]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社, 1993:291-302. Lu Jimeng.Seismic exploration theory[M].Shandong Dong Ying:China University of Petroleum Press,1993:291-302.
[17]Widess M B.How thin is a thin bed?[J].Geophysics,1973, 38(6):1176-1180.
[18]史燕红,边立恩,贺振华.最优化广义S变换及其在油气检测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(2): 236-239. Shi Yanhong,Bian Li'en,He Zhenhua.Optimal generalized S-transform and its application to hydrocarbon detection[J].Oil＆Gas Geology,2009,30(2):236-239.
[19]Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Localization of the complex spectrum:the S transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1996,44(4):998-1001.
[20]刘伟,曹思远.基于小波变换的信号奇异性检测在层位识别中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(4):530-533. Liu Wei,Cao Siyuan.Application of wavelet transform-based signal singularity detection in horizon identification[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(4):530-533.
[2]刘建华,刘天放,李得春.薄层厚度定量解释研究[J].物探与化探,1997,21(1):23-28. Liu Jianhua,Liu Tianfang,Li Dechun.Quantitative interpretation of thin bed thickness[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,1997,21(1 ):23-28.
[3]张军华,陆文志,王月英,等.薄层地球物理特征再认识[J].石油物探,2004,43(6):541-546. Zhang Junhua,Lu Wenzhi,Wang Yueying,et al.Research of geophysical characteristics in thin-beds[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(6):541 -546.
[4]龙建东.薄层厚度与振幅、频率关系的神经网络BP法模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(6):817-822. Long Jiandong.Neural network BP modeling of the relation between thin bed thickness and amplitude & frequency[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1995,30(6):817-822.
[5]柏冠军,吴汉宁,赵希刚,等.地震资料预测薄层厚度方法研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):554- 558. Bai Guanjun,Wu Hanning,Zhao Xigang,et al.Research on prediction of thin bed thickness using seismic data and its application [J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):554 - 558.
[6]Partyka G,Gridley J,Lopez J.Interpretational application of spectral decomposition in reservoir characterization[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(3):353 -360.
[7]盛秋红,肖兰雄.频谱成像技术在采穴构造储层预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(1):141-145. Sheng Qiuhong,Xiao Lanxiong.Application of spectrum imaging technique to the reservoir prediction of the Caixue Structure [J].Oil & Gas Geology,2008,29(1):141 -145.
[8]朱定,孙素琴,蒋进勇.分频解释技术在塔河油田储层预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(1):49- 53. Zhu Ding,Sun Suqin,Jiang Jinyong.Application of frequency division interpretation technique to reservoir prediction in Tahe oilfield[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2010,31(1):49 -53.
[9]张延庆,魏小东,王亚楠,等.谱分解技术在QL油田小断层识别与解释中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41 (5):584-591. Zhang Yanqing,Wei Xiaodong,Wang Yahan,et al.Application of spectral factorization in recognition and interpretation of minor faults in QL oilfield[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2006,41(5):584-591.
[10]范洪军,李军,肖毓祥,等.地震分频技术在扇三角洲演化过程中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(5): 682-686. Fan Hongjun,Li Jun,Xiao Yuxiang.et al.Application of seismic frequency-division technology in the study of fan-delta evolution[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2007,28(5):682-686.
[11]张江华,林承焰,于彦,等.分频解释技术在岩性储层描述中的应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2008,36(5):70-76. Zhang Jianghua,Lin Chengyan,Yu Yan,et al.Application of frequency-shared interpretation technique for lithology reservoir description[J].Coal Geology & Exploration,2008,36(5): 70-76.
[12]季玉新,刘春园,陈冬,等.分频反演方法及其在塔河A ??区储层预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31 (1):38-42. Ji Yuxin,Liu Chunyuan,Cheng Dong,et al.Frequency-divided inversion and its application to reservoir prediction in Block A of Tahe oilfield[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2010,31 (1):38-42.
[13]崔永谦,秦凤启,卢永和,等.河流相沉积储层地震精细预测方法研究与应用——以渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷古近系河道砂为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(5):668- 672. Cui Yongqian,Qin Fengqi,Lu Yonghe,et al.Research and application of detailed seismic prediction in fluvial reservoirs—an example from the palaeogene channel sand in the Jizhong Depression, the Bohai Bay Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2009, 30(5):668-672.
[14]张延章,尹寿鹏,张巧玲,等.地震分频技术的地质内涵及其效果分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(1):64-66. Zhang Yanzhang,Yin Shoupeng,Zhang Qiaoling,et al.Geologic significance of the seismic spectral decomposition technology and its application analysis[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2006,33(1):64-66.
[15]黄绪德.薄层陷频法[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(5): 1-6. Huang Xude.Discussion on notches-in-thin-bed[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2002,25(5):1-6.
[16]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社, 1993:291-302. Lu Jimeng.Seismic exploration theory[M].Shandong Dong Ying:China University of Petroleum Press,1993:291-302.
[17]Widess M B.How thin is a thin bed?[J].Geophysics,1973, 38(6):1176-1180.
[18]史燕红,边立恩,贺振华.最优化广义S变换及其在油气检测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2009,30(2): 236-239. Shi Yanhong,Bian Li'en,He Zhenhua.Optimal generalized S-transform and its application to hydrocarbon detection[J].Oil＆Gas Geology,2009,30(2):236-239.
[19]Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Localization of the complex spectrum:the S transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1996,44(4):998-1001.
[20]刘伟,曹思远.基于小波变换的信号奇异性检测在层位识别中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(4):530-533. Liu Wei,Cao Siyuan.Application of wavelet transform-based signal singularity detection in horizon identification[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(4):530-533.
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