横波岩石物理地震随机模拟预测天然气藏分布——以柴达木盆地三湖地区北斜坡为例
摘要
柴达木盆地三湖地区北斜坡第四系生物气区是中国最大的生物气区,上第三系为天然气勘探潜力区.第四系地层为弱成岩的疏松砂泥岩薄互层.在以2D地震为主的三湖地区北斜坡预测岩性气藏,利用叠后波阻抗反演及叠前AVO反演预测含气分布难度很大.而综合地质、测井、地震、生产测试等多学科资料,通过对地震道的岩石物理参数进行随机模拟,获得对含气异常比较敏感的地下岩石物理属性体,并分析最敏感的岩石物理属性产气、产水的阈值区间以建立气水识别模式,再利用气水识别模式对岩石物理属性三维模型进行流体置换,最终得到可能的关于生物气藏的三维空间分布特征.利用本文的方法成功预测和落实了上第三系新领域的风险探井.钻探实效表明,该方法适用性强,可以在很大程度上降低天然气藏预测的多解性和不确定性,为进一步优选有利钻探区带、提出可供钻探的目标与井位、缓解该区储量不足的矛盾提供有力的技术支撑.
The Quaternary biogenetic gas province in Sanhu area,at northern slope of Qaidam basin,is the largest biogenetic gas province in China.Natural gas exploration potential replacement zone lies in the upper Tertiary stratum.And the Quaternary stratum of which is primarily composed by weak diagenesised sequences of thin and alternative beds of unconsolidated sandstone and claystone.However,it is difficult to evaluate the distribute characteristics of gas simply by post-stack acoustic impedance inversion and pre-stack AVO inversion with respect to predict lithologic gas reservoir at the edge and corner of the favorable slope in the 2D seismic-based Northern Sanhu slope.In order to get a better understanding about the potential 3D and spatial distribution characteristics of the bio- gas reservoir,this article originally puts forward the method of seismic rock physics stochastic simulation based on Swave model.By this the underground bodies of properties of rock physics sensitive to the gas-bearing abnormalities are obtained,based on the geology,well logging,seismic,production and dynamic data to start.By combine analysis of threshold interval of gas and water production,the most sensitive properties of rock physics,we establish gas-water recognition pattern and further conduct fluid replacement for three-dimensional model on properties of rock physics.Therefore the potential 3D and spatial distribution characteristics of the bio-gas reservoir can be obtained. The risk exploration Well(TNSHl) in the new field of the upper Tertiary stratum has been predicted and verified successfully.Drilled practical results have indicated that non-unique solutions and uncertainty of predicting biogas can be reduced to great extent by this method,providing strong technical support for further optimization of favorable drilling zone,for making available target and well to drill and for alleviating the problem of insufficient reserves in this region,suggesting strong applicability of this technique.
The Quaternary biogenetic gas province in Sanhu area,at northern slope of Qaidam basin,is the largest biogenetic gas province in China.Natural gas exploration potential replacement zone lies in the upper Tertiary stratum.And the Quaternary stratum of which is primarily composed by weak diagenesised sequences of thin and alternative beds of unconsolidated sandstone and claystone.However,it is difficult to evaluate the distribute characteristics of gas simply by post-stack acoustic impedance inversion and pre-stack AVO inversion with respect to predict lithologic gas reservoir at the edge and corner of the favorable slope in the 2D seismic-based Northern Sanhu slope.In order to get a better understanding about the potential 3D and spatial distribution characteristics of the bio- gas reservoir,this article originally puts forward the method of seismic rock physics stochastic simulation based on Swave model.By this the underground bodies of properties of rock physics sensitive to the gas-bearing abnormalities are obtained,based on the geology,well logging,seismic,production and dynamic data to start.By combine analysis of threshold interval of gas and water production,the most sensitive properties of rock physics,we establish gas-water recognition pattern and further conduct fluid replacement for three-dimensional model on properties of rock physics.Therefore the potential 3D and spatial distribution characteristics of the bio-gas reservoir can be obtained. The risk exploration Well(TNSHl) in the new field of the upper Tertiary stratum has been predicted and verified successfully.Drilled practical results have indicated that non-unique solutions and uncertainty of predicting biogas can be reduced to great extent by this method,providing strong technical support for further optimization of favorable drilling zone,for making available target and well to drill and for alleviating the problem of insufficient reserves in this region,suggesting strong applicability of this technique.
引文
[1]李明诚,李剑,张凤敏,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系生物气运聚成藏的定量研究[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):809-810. Li M C,Li J,Zhang F M,et al.Quantitative research on biogas migration-accumulation and pool-forming in the Quaternary of Sanhu area in Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),2009,30(6):809-810.
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[9]尚永生,杨长春,王真理,等.柴达木盆地第四系气藏烃类检测研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):831-835. Shang Y S,Yang C C,Wang Z L,et al.The research of hydrocarbon indication on gas reservior of Qaidam basin[J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese).2007,22(3):831-835.
[10]周水生,张波,伍向阳.流体替换方法研究及应用分析[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(5):1 660-1 664. Zhou S S,Zhang B,Wu X Y.Research on fluid substitution method and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(5):1660-1664.
[11]陶果,岳文正,谢然红,等.岩石物理的理论模拟和数值实验新方法[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):4-11. Tao G,Yue W Z,Xie R H.et al.A newmethod for theoretical modeling and numerical experiments on petrophysical studies[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(1):4-11.
[12]黄伟传,杨长春,范桃园,等.岩石物理分析技术在储层预测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(6):1791- 1795. Huang W C,Yang C C,Fan T Y,et al.The application of petrophysical analysis in the reservoir prediction[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(6):1791-1795.
[2]王西文,苏明军,徐尚成,等.叠前地震反演在柴达木盆地三湖地区天然气预测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008, 43(3):300-307. Wang X W,Sun M J,Yu S C,et al.Application of prestack seismic inversion to predict natural gas in Sanhu area,Qaidam Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2008,43 (3):300-307.
[3]王西文,陈志勇,冯云发,等.柴达木盆地三湖地区生物天然气储层预测方法[J].石油物探,2007,46(5):4 72-483. Wang X W.Chen Z Y,Feng Y F.et al.Method of predicting biogas in Sanhu area of Chaidamu Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2007,46(5):472-483.
[4]黄绪德.油气预测与油气藏描述—地震勘探直接找油气[M].江苏:江苏科学技术出版社,2003,48-78. Huang X D.Prediction about Oil-gas & Description of Reservoir-Direct Searching for Oil-gas by Seismic Exploration(in Chinese), [M].Jiangsu:Phoenix Science Press,2003,48-78.
[5]Olivier Dubrule.Geostatistics for Seismic Data Integration in Earth Models[M].SEG/EAGE Distinguished Instructor Short Course Series,2003,No.6.
[6]贾承造,赵文智,邹才能,等.岩性地层油气藏勘探研究的两项核心技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(3):3-9. Jia C Z.Zhao W Z,Zou C N,et al.Two key technologies about exploration of stratigraphic/lithological reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),2004, 31(3):3-9.
[7]郑红军,曹正林,阎存凤,等.利用地震岩石物理模拟预测三湖地区生物气成藏单元[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(4):20-24. Zheng H J,Cao Z L,Yan C F,et al.Using seismic rock physics modeling to predict accumulation unit of biogenetic gas in Sanhu area[J].Lithologic Reservoirs(in Chinese),2010, 22(4):20-24.
[8]王西文,胡自多,田彦灿,等.地震子波处理的二步法反褶积方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4):1167-1179. Wang X W,Hu Z D,Tian Y C.et al.Study of seismic wavelet processing method in two step deconvolution[J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006.21(4):1167- 1179.
[9]尚永生,杨长春,王真理,等.柴达木盆地第四系气藏烃类检测研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):831-835. Shang Y S,Yang C C,Wang Z L,et al.The research of hydrocarbon indication on gas reservior of Qaidam basin[J]. Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese).2007,22(3):831-835.
[10]周水生,张波,伍向阳.流体替换方法研究及应用分析[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(5):1 660-1 664. Zhou S S,Zhang B,Wu X Y.Research on fluid substitution method and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(5):1660-1664.
[11]陶果,岳文正,谢然红,等.岩石物理的理论模拟和数值实验新方法[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):4-11. Tao G,Yue W Z,Xie R H.et al.A newmethod for theoretical modeling and numerical experiments on petrophysical studies[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(1):4-11.
[12]黄伟传,杨长春,范桃园,等.岩石物理分析技术在储层预测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(6):1791- 1795. Huang W C,Yang C C,Fan T Y,et al.The application of petrophysical analysis in the reservoir prediction[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(6):1791-1795.
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