海洋深水水道地震综合解释技术研究——以南海北部陆坡区更新统深水水道为例
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摘要
深水沉积是深水油气勘探的重要领域.本文利用南海北部陆坡区三维地震资料,应用三维可视化、相干处理、沿层切片及波形分类等地震技术,识别和刻画南海北部陆坡区更新世深水沉积水道的展布、演化特征及有利砂体分布位置,初步总结出一套适合深水沉积水道的地震识别和描述方法.该水道呈南西-北东方向展布、具蛇曲形态,水道主体以泥岩充填为主,水道侧向加积及堤坝部位是有利的储集部位.
Deep water channels are very important reservoir types in almost all areas where deep water sediments are explored.This paper presents a set of methods that can be used to recognize and characterize deepwater channels based on 3D seismic data on the northern slope of the South China Sea.The depositional processes and lithological characteristics of the deep water channel are also discussed.Recognition and characterization of the deep water channel may provide some insight for future explorations in the South China Sea.The technique of 3D visualization is one of the tools which can help us to look through the whole 3D seismic data,find some interesting targets,such as the deep water channel which is a Pleistocene sinuous channel in the Qiongdongnan basin.Through coherence processing,the clear shape of the channel is presented.Seismic amplitude and wave classification are used to predict sandprone lithology of the deep water channel.The evolutionary processes of the channel are analyzed on four horizon slices.The channel is sinuous and extends in SW-NW direction.There maybe shales in inner parts of the channel,and sands on the lateral aggradations and point bars.
Deep water channels are very important reservoir types in almost all areas where deep water sediments are explored.This paper presents a set of methods that can be used to recognize and characterize deepwater channels based on 3D seismic data on the northern slope of the South China Sea.The depositional processes and lithological characteristics of the deep water channel are also discussed.Recognition and characterization of the deep water channel may provide some insight for future explorations in the South China Sea.The technique of 3D visualization is one of the tools which can help us to look through the whole 3D seismic data,find some interesting targets,such as the deep water channel which is a Pleistocene sinuous channel in the Qiongdongnan basin.Through coherence processing,the clear shape of the channel is presented.Seismic amplitude and wave classification are used to predict sandprone lithology of the deep water channel.The evolutionary processes of the channel are analyzed on four horizon slices.The channel is sinuous and extends in SW-NW direction.There maybe shales in inner parts of the channel,and sands on the lateral aggradations and point bars.
引文
[1]江怀友,潘继平,鲁庆江等.世界海洋石油工业勘探现状与方法.石油知识,2008,(5):7-9.Jiang H Y,Pan J P,Lu Q J,et al.Status quo and method ofglobal offshore petroleum exploration industry.PetroleumKnowledge(in Chinese),2008,(5):7-9.
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[8]Kolla V,Posamentier H W,Wood L J.Deep-water and fluvialsinuous channels-Characteristics,similarities anddissimilarities,and modes of formation.Marine and PetroleumGeology,2007,24(6-9):388-405.
[9]Mayall M,Jones Ed,Casey M.Turbidite channel reservoirs—Key elements in facies prediction and effective development.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006,23(8):821-841.
[10]Kolla V.A review of sinuous channel avulsion patterns insome major deep-sea fans and factors controlling them.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24(6-9):450-469.
[11]Yuan S Q,Yao G S,Lv F L,et al.Features of late Cenozoicdeepwater sedimentation in southern Qiongdongnan basin,northwestern South China Sea.Journal of Earth Science,2009,20(1):172-179.
[12]朱伟林.南海北部深水区油气地质特征.石油学报,2010,31(4):521-527.Zhu W L.Petroleum geology in deepwater area of northerncontinental margin in South China Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),2010,31(4):521-527.
[13]吴时国,秦志亮,王大伟等.南海北部陆坡块体搬运沉积体系的地震响应与成因机制.地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3184-3195.Wu S G,Qin Z L,Wang Z W,et al.Seismic characteristics andtriggering mechanism analysis of mass transport deposits inthe northern continental slope of the South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(12):3184-3195.
[14]任建业,雷超.莺歌海—琼东南盆地构造-地层格架及南海动力变形分区.地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3303-3314.Ren J Y,Lei C.Tectonic stratigraphic framework ofYinggehai-Qiongdongnan Basins and its implication fortectonic province division in South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(12):3303-33145.
[15]张功成,米立军,吴时国等.深水区-南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新领域.石油学报,2007,28(2):15-21.Zhang G C,Mi L J,Wu S G,et al.Deepwater area-the newprospecting targets of northern continental margin of SouthChina Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),2007,28(2):15-21.
[16]陶维祥,赵志刚,何仕斌等.南海北部深水西区石油地质特征及勘探前景.地球学报,2005,26(4):359-364.Tao W X,Zhao Z G,He S B,et al.Petroleum geologicalconditions and exploration prospects in deepwater area ofNorthwestern South China Sea.Acta Geoscientica Sinica(inChinese),2005,26(4):359-364.
[17]米立军,王东东,李增学等.琼东南盆地崖城组高分辨率层序地层格架与煤层形成特征.石油学报,2010,31(4):534-541.Mi L J,Wang D D,Li Z X,et al.High-resolution sequencestratigraphic framework and coal-forming features in YachengFormation of Qiongdongnan Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica(inChinese),2010,31(4):534-541.
[18]刘丽峰,杨怀义,蒋多元等.三维精细构造解释的方法流程和关键技术.地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):864-871.Liu L F,Yang H Y,Jiang D Y,et al.Primary exploration of 3-D fine structure interpretation.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2006,21(3):864-871.
[19]张进铎.地震解释技术现状及发展趋势.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):578-587.Zhang J D.Present status and future trend of seismic datainterpretation techniques.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2006,21(2):578-587.
[20]孙夕平,杨国权.三维地震相干体技术在目标区沉积相研究中的应用.石油物探,2004,43(6):591-594.Sun X P,Yang G Q.Using coherency cube technique toclassify sedimentary facies in the object area.GeophysicalProspection for Petroleum(in Chinese),2004,43(6):591-594.
[21]王从镔,龚洪林,许多年等.高分辨率相干体分析技术及其应用.地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1575-1578.Wang C B,Gong H L,Xu D N,et al.High-resolutioncoherency analysis technique and its application.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(5):1575-1578.
[22]吕琳,王明君,范继璋.地震属性在天然气水合物识别中的应用.地球物理学进展,2011,26(2):596-601.Lu L,Wang M J,Fan J Z.Seismic attribute recognition in theapplication of natural gas hydrate.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2011,26(2):596-601.
[23]张延玲,杨长春,贾曙光.地震属性技术的研究和应用.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1129-1133.Zhang Y L,Yang C C,Jia S G.The application of the seismicattributes.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(4):1129-1133.
[24]王利田,苏小军,管仁顺等.地震属性分析在彩16井区储层预测中的应用.地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):922-925.Wang L T,Su X J,Guan R S,et al.The application of seismicattribute analyses in predicating reservoir of cai 16area.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(3):922-925.
[25]朱剑兵,赵培坤.国外地震相划分技术研究新进展.勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(3):167-171.Zhu J B,Zhao P K.Advances in seismic facies classificationtechnology abroad.Progress in Exploration Geophysics(inChinese),2009,32(3):167-171.
[26]赵力民,彭苏萍,郎晓玲等.利用Stratimagic波形研究冀中探区大王庄地区岩性油藏.石油学报,2002,23(4):33-36.Zhao L M,Peng S P,Lang X L.Application of stratimagicwaveform classification technique to research into a lithologicoil reservoir in dawangzhuang area.Acta Petrolei Sinica(inChinese),2002,23(4):33-36.
[27]赵力民,郎晓玲,金凤鸣等.波形分类技术在隐蔽油藏预测中的应用.石油勘探与开发,2001,28(53):53-55.Zhao L M,Lang X L,Jin F M.Application of waveformclassification technique in the prediction of subtle reservoirs.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),2001,28(6):53-55.
[28]雷明,王建功,刘彩艳等.地震切片技术在安达工区的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(3):418-422.Lei M,Wang J G,Liu C Y,et al.Application of slicingtechnology in Anda area.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),2010,45(3):418-422.
[2]潘继平,张大伟,岳来群等.全球海洋油气勘探开发状况与发展趋势.中国矿业,2006,15(11):1-4.Pan J P,Zhang D W,Yue L Q,et al.Status quo of globaloffshore oil and gas exploration and development and itstrends.China Mining Magazine(in Chinese),2006,15(11):1-4.
[3]金庆焕.深水油气是当今海洋油气勘探的主要热点.科学中国人,2006,(11):18-20.Jin Q H.Petroleum in deep water is major prospecting hotspotnowadays.Scientific Chinese(in Chinese),2006,(11):18-20.
[4]吕福亮,贺训云,武金云等.世界深水油气勘探形势分析及对我国深水油气勘探的启示.海洋石油,2007,27(3):41-45.Lv F L,He X Y,Wu J Y,et al.The current situation and trendof deepwater oil and gas exploration of the world and theinspiration for us.Offshore Oil(in Chinese),2007,27(3):41-45.
[5]杨川恒,杜栩,潘和顺等.国外深水领域油气勘探新进展及我国南海北部陆坡深水区油气勘探潜力.地学前沿,2000,7(3):247-256.Yang C H,Du X,Pan H S,et al.Advances in worldwide deepwater hydrocarbon exploration and oil and gas explorationpotential in the northern continental slope in South China Sea.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2000,7(3):247-256.
[6]Heinio P,Davies R J.Knickpoint migration in submarinechannels in response to fold growth,western Niger Delta.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24(6-9):434-449.
[7]Abreu V,Sullivan M,Pirmez C,et al.Lateral accretionpackages(LAPs)an important reservoir element in deep watersinuous channels.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20(6-8):631-648.
[8]Kolla V,Posamentier H W,Wood L J.Deep-water and fluvialsinuous channels-Characteristics,similarities anddissimilarities,and modes of formation.Marine and PetroleumGeology,2007,24(6-9):388-405.
[9]Mayall M,Jones Ed,Casey M.Turbidite channel reservoirs—Key elements in facies prediction and effective development.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006,23(8):821-841.
[10]Kolla V.A review of sinuous channel avulsion patterns insome major deep-sea fans and factors controlling them.Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24(6-9):450-469.
[11]Yuan S Q,Yao G S,Lv F L,et al.Features of late Cenozoicdeepwater sedimentation in southern Qiongdongnan basin,northwestern South China Sea.Journal of Earth Science,2009,20(1):172-179.
[12]朱伟林.南海北部深水区油气地质特征.石油学报,2010,31(4):521-527.Zhu W L.Petroleum geology in deepwater area of northerncontinental margin in South China Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),2010,31(4):521-527.
[13]吴时国,秦志亮,王大伟等.南海北部陆坡块体搬运沉积体系的地震响应与成因机制.地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3184-3195.Wu S G,Qin Z L,Wang Z W,et al.Seismic characteristics andtriggering mechanism analysis of mass transport deposits inthe northern continental slope of the South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(12):3184-3195.
[14]任建业,雷超.莺歌海—琼东南盆地构造-地层格架及南海动力变形分区.地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3303-3314.Ren J Y,Lei C.Tectonic stratigraphic framework ofYinggehai-Qiongdongnan Basins and its implication fortectonic province division in South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(12):3303-33145.
[15]张功成,米立军,吴时国等.深水区-南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新领域.石油学报,2007,28(2):15-21.Zhang G C,Mi L J,Wu S G,et al.Deepwater area-the newprospecting targets of northern continental margin of SouthChina Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),2007,28(2):15-21.
[16]陶维祥,赵志刚,何仕斌等.南海北部深水西区石油地质特征及勘探前景.地球学报,2005,26(4):359-364.Tao W X,Zhao Z G,He S B,et al.Petroleum geologicalconditions and exploration prospects in deepwater area ofNorthwestern South China Sea.Acta Geoscientica Sinica(inChinese),2005,26(4):359-364.
[17]米立军,王东东,李增学等.琼东南盆地崖城组高分辨率层序地层格架与煤层形成特征.石油学报,2010,31(4):534-541.Mi L J,Wang D D,Li Z X,et al.High-resolution sequencestratigraphic framework and coal-forming features in YachengFormation of Qiongdongnan Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica(inChinese),2010,31(4):534-541.
[18]刘丽峰,杨怀义,蒋多元等.三维精细构造解释的方法流程和关键技术.地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):864-871.Liu L F,Yang H Y,Jiang D Y,et al.Primary exploration of 3-D fine structure interpretation.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2006,21(3):864-871.
[19]张进铎.地震解释技术现状及发展趋势.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):578-587.Zhang J D.Present status and future trend of seismic datainterpretation techniques.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2006,21(2):578-587.
[20]孙夕平,杨国权.三维地震相干体技术在目标区沉积相研究中的应用.石油物探,2004,43(6):591-594.Sun X P,Yang G Q.Using coherency cube technique toclassify sedimentary facies in the object area.GeophysicalProspection for Petroleum(in Chinese),2004,43(6):591-594.
[21]王从镔,龚洪林,许多年等.高分辨率相干体分析技术及其应用.地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1575-1578.Wang C B,Gong H L,Xu D N,et al.High-resolutioncoherency analysis technique and its application.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(5):1575-1578.
[22]吕琳,王明君,范继璋.地震属性在天然气水合物识别中的应用.地球物理学进展,2011,26(2):596-601.Lu L,Wang M J,Fan J Z.Seismic attribute recognition in theapplication of natural gas hydrate.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2011,26(2):596-601.
[23]张延玲,杨长春,贾曙光.地震属性技术的研究和应用.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1129-1133.Zhang Y L,Yang C C,Jia S G.The application of the seismicattributes.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(4):1129-1133.
[24]王利田,苏小军,管仁顺等.地震属性分析在彩16井区储层预测中的应用.地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):922-925.Wang L T,Su X J,Guan R S,et al.The application of seismicattribute analyses in predicating reservoir of cai 16area.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(3):922-925.
[25]朱剑兵,赵培坤.国外地震相划分技术研究新进展.勘探地球物理进展,2009,32(3):167-171.Zhu J B,Zhao P K.Advances in seismic facies classificationtechnology abroad.Progress in Exploration Geophysics(inChinese),2009,32(3):167-171.
[26]赵力民,彭苏萍,郎晓玲等.利用Stratimagic波形研究冀中探区大王庄地区岩性油藏.石油学报,2002,23(4):33-36.Zhao L M,Peng S P,Lang X L.Application of stratimagicwaveform classification technique to research into a lithologicoil reservoir in dawangzhuang area.Acta Petrolei Sinica(inChinese),2002,23(4):33-36.
[27]赵力民,郎晓玲,金凤鸣等.波形分类技术在隐蔽油藏预测中的应用.石油勘探与开发,2001,28(53):53-55.Zhao L M,Lang X L,Jin F M.Application of waveformclassification technique in the prediction of subtle reservoirs.Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),2001,28(6):53-55.
[28]雷明,王建功,刘彩艳等.地震切片技术在安达工区的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(3):418-422.Lei M,Wang J G,Liu C Y,et al.Application of slicingtechnology in Anda area.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),2010,45(3):418-422.
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