利用地震叠前数据预测火山岩裂缝的方法和效果分析——以松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩为例
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摘要
裂缝问题是火山岩复杂岩性油气藏勘探开发中必须考虑的重要因素之一.火山岩储层裂缝预测的准确性直接影响着油气的产能、钻井工艺和增产改造措施等.本文主要根据等效HTI介质(扩容各向异性介质)的特性,立足地下介质各向异性理论,利用三维地震叠前P波在HTI介质中的属性分布特征来检测裂缝的发育情况.利用三维地震叠前P波裂缝检测技术在松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷深层营城组火山岩中尝试开展了储层裂缝发育预测研究.通过研究建立了火山岩裂缝地震叠前预测方法,并对营城组火山岩裂缝发育情况进行预测,结果表明裂缝主要分布在工区中部构造高部位,发育方向以北北西向为主.最后利用测井资料和钻井产能资料等进行效果分析,证实该技术对于认识火山岩储层裂缝发育具有实际应用价值,说明应用地震资料开展储层裂缝预测具有横向分辨率高、实现井问分布描述和宏观空间分布规律清楚等特点.
Fracture is one of the most important factors that need to be considered in the oil and gas exploration and development of complicated lithologic reservoirs in volcanic rocks.The accuracy of fracture prediction in volcanic reservoir has influences on the oil and gas production, well drilling techniques and stimulation and reformation measures and so on.According to the characteristics of equivalent HTI media (anisotropic expansion) and the theory of subsurface anisotropy,we use the attribute distribution characteristics of prestack 3D P-wave to detect the development of cracks in HTI media.The fracture development prediction has been carried out with this technique in volcanic rocks of Yingcheng formation in deep layer of Xujiaweizi fault depression,north of Songliao basin.The study establishes the volcanic fracture prediction method,forecasts the development of volcanic rocks in Yingcheng formation.The results show that the fracture mainly located in structural high position in the central work area with dominant development direction of NNW.Finally we make further effect analysis by the use of well logging and well production data.It shows that this technique has some value in practical application for fracture development in volcanic reservoirs,and further it illustrates that fracture prediction by seismic data presents a high lateral resolution,clear cross-well description and vivid macro-space distribution regularity.
Fracture is one of the most important factors that need to be considered in the oil and gas exploration and development of complicated lithologic reservoirs in volcanic rocks.The accuracy of fracture prediction in volcanic reservoir has influences on the oil and gas production, well drilling techniques and stimulation and reformation measures and so on.According to the characteristics of equivalent HTI media (anisotropic expansion) and the theory of subsurface anisotropy,we use the attribute distribution characteristics of prestack 3D P-wave to detect the development of cracks in HTI media.The fracture development prediction has been carried out with this technique in volcanic rocks of Yingcheng formation in deep layer of Xujiaweizi fault depression,north of Songliao basin.The study establishes the volcanic fracture prediction method,forecasts the development of volcanic rocks in Yingcheng formation.The results show that the fracture mainly located in structural high position in the central work area with dominant development direction of NNW.Finally we make further effect analysis by the use of well logging and well production data.It shows that this technique has some value in practical application for fracture development in volcanic reservoirs,and further it illustrates that fracture prediction by seismic data presents a high lateral resolution,clear cross-well description and vivid macro-space distribution regularity.
引文
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[2] 邵红梅,毛庆云,姜洪启等.徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩气藏储层特征.天然气工业,2006,26(6) :29～32 Shao H M,Mao Q Y,Jiang H Q,et al.Reservoir characteristics of volcanic rock gas pool in Yingcheng formation in Xujiaweizi fault depression.AturalGas Industry (in Chinese),2006,26(6) :29～32
[3] 杨辉,张研,邹才能等.松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷火山岩分布及天然气富集规律.地球物理学报,2006,4(49) :1136～1143 Yang H,Zhang Y,Zou C N,et al.Volcanic rock distribution and gas abundance regularity in Xujiaweizi faulted depression,Songliao basin.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,4(49) :1136～1143
[4] 舒萍,纪学雁,丁日新等.徐深气田火山岩储层的裂缝特征研究.大庆石油地质与开发,2008,2(27) :13～17 Shu P,Ji X Y,Ding R X,et al.Study on fracture features of volcanic reservoirs in Xushen gas field.Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing (in Chinese),2008,2(27) :13～17
[5] 姜传金,陈树民,初丽兰等.徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩分布特征及火山喷发机制的新认识.岩石学报,2010,26(1) :63～72 Jiang C J,Chen S M,Chu L L,et al.A New Understanding about the Volcanic distribution characteristics and eruption mechanism of Yingchen formation in Xujiaweizi fault depression.Acta Petrologica Sinica (in Chinese),2010,26(1) :63～72
[6] 邓攀,陈孟晋,高哲荣等.火山岩储层构造裂缝的测井识别及解释.石油学报,2002,23(6) :32～36 Deng J,Chen M J,Gao Zh R,et al.Log response and explanation of structural fractures in volcanic rock reservoir.Acta Petrolei Sinica (in Chinese),2002,23(6) :32～36
[7] 李佳阳,夏宁,秦启荣.成像测井评价致密碎屑岩储层的裂 缝与含气性.测井技术,2007,31(1) :17～20 Li J Y,Xia N,Qin Q R.Fracture and gas-bearing evaluation of tight clastic reservoir with image logging.Well Logging Technology (in Chinese),2007,31(1) :17～20
[8] 张树东,司马立强,刘萍英等.基于测井新技术解释有效裂缝发育规律.西南石油大学学报,2007,29(1) :23～25 Zhang S D,Si Ma L Q,Liu P Y,et al.Interpret the law of effective fracture development based on new technology in well logging.Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (in Chinese),2007,29(1) :23～25
[9] 史謌,何涛,仵岳奇等.用正演数值计算方法开展双侧向测井对裂缝的响应研究.地球物理学报,2004,47(2) :359～363 Shi G,He T,Wu Y Q,et al.A study on the dual laterolog response to fractures using the forward Numerical modeling.Chinese].Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(2) :359～363
[10] 唐晓雪,唐建候.用P-SV转换波资料研究储层各向异性.石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(1) :27～33 Tang X X,Tang J H.Study reservoiranisotropy by P-SV conversion data.Oil Geophysical Prospect (in Chinese),1997,32(1) :27～33
[11] Carcuz J R.A combined AVO analysis of P-P and P-S reflection data.In:Expanded Abstract of the 71st Annual International SEG Meeting,2001． 323～325
[12] 朱培民,王家映,于文辉等.用纵波AVO数据反演储层裂隙密度参数.石油物探,2001,40(2) :1～12 Zhu P M,Wang J Y,Yu W H,et al.Invert reservoir fracture-density parameters by P-wave AVO data.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum (in Chinese),2001,40(2) :1～12
[13] 曲寿利,季玉新,王鑫等.全方位P波属性裂缝检测方法.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(4) :390～397 Qu S L,Ji Y X,Wang X,et al.Seismic method for using full-azimuth P-wave attribution to detect fracture.Oil Geophysical Prospecting ( in Chinese),2001,36(4) :390～397
[14] 李绪宣.多波地震地层各向异性的初步研究和探讨.天然气工业,2001,21(5) :41～44 Li X X.An initiative study and discussion on rocks anisotropy by using multiwave seismics.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),2001,21(5) :41～44
[15] 杜启振,杨慧珠.方位各向异性介质的裂缝预测方法研究.石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(4) :32～36 Du Q Z,Yang H Z.Detection method for fractures in azimuthally anisotropic media.Journal of the University of Petroleum(Natural Science) (in Chinese),2003,27(4) :32～36
[16] 罗省贤,李录明.基于横波分裂的地层裂缝预测方法与应用.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,30(1) :52～59 Luo S X,Li L M.Method and application of predicting medium fracture based on shear-wave separating theory.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Natural Science) (in Chinese),2003,30(1) :52～59
[17] 王建民,杨冬,魏修成等.多分量地震资料预测松辽盆地兴城地区深层火山岩与有利含气带.地球物理学报,2007,6(50) :1914～1923 Wang J M,Yang D,Wei X C,et al.Predicting deep volcanic rocks and favorable gas zone near Xingcheng area in Songliao Basin using multi-component seismic data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,6(50) :1914～1923
[18] 孙炜,王彦春,李梅等.利用叠前地震数据预测火山岩储层裂缝.物探与化探,2010,34(2) :229～232 Sun W,Wang Y C,Li M,et al.The Detection of Fractures in the Volcanic Reservoir with Pre-Stack Seismic Data.Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration (in Chinese),2010,34(2) :229～232
[19] Mallick S,Frazer L N.Reflection transmission coefficients and azimuthal anisotropy in marine studies.Geophys.J.Int.,1991,105(1) :241～252
[20] Johnson W E.Direct detection of gas in pre-Tertiary sediments.The Leading Edge,1995,14(2) :119～122
[21] Lynn H B,Simon K M.Azimuthal anisotropy in P-wave 3D multiazimuth data.The Leading Edge,1996,15(8) :923～928
[22] Mallick S,Craft K L,Meister L J,et al.Determination of the principal directions of azimuthal anisotropy from P-wave seismic data.Geophysics,1998,63(2) :692～706
[23] 阴可,杨慧珠.各向异性介质中的AVO.地球物理学报,1998,41(3) :382～391 Yin K,Yang H Z.AVO in anisotropic media.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1998,41(3) :382～391
[24] 刘洋,董敏煜.各向异性介质中的方位AVO.石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(3) :260～267 Liu Y,Dong M Y.Azimuthal AVO in anisotropic medium.;Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese),1999,34(3) :260～267
[25] Shen F,Sierra J,Burns D R,et al.Azimuthal offset-dependent attributes applied to fracture detection in a carbonate reservoir.Geophysics,2002,67(2) :355～364
[26] Hall S A,Kendall M J.Fracture characterization at Valhall:application of P-wave amplitude variation with offset and azimuth ( AVO A) analysis to a 3D ocean-bottom data set.Geophysics,2003,6S(4) :1150～1160
[27] Lynn H B,Simon K M,Bates C R.Correlation between P-wave AVOA and S-wave traveltime anisotropy in naturally fractured gas reservoir.The Leading Edge,1996,15(8) :931～935
[28] 张丽华,潘保芝,单刚义等.长岭地区火山岩储层流体性质测井预测.地球物理学进展,2009,24(6) :2151～2155 Zhang L H,Pan B Z,Shan G Y,et al.Fluid property logging prediction of volcanic reservoirs in the Changling area.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2009,24(6) :2151～2155
[29] Thomsen L.Weak elastic anisotropy.Geophysics,1986,51(10) :1954～1966
[30] R(u|¨)ger A.P-wave reflection coefficients for transversely isotropic models with vertical and horizontal axis of symmetry.Geophysics,1997,62(3) :713～721
[31] R(u|¨)ger A.Variation of P-wave reflectivity with offset and azimuth in anisotropic media.Geophysics,1998,63(3) :935～947
[32] Hudson J A.Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves in material containing cracks.Geophys.J.R.Astr,Soc.,1981,64:133～150
[33] Hudson J A.Overall elastic properties of isotropic materials with arbitrary distribution of circular cracks.Geophys.J.Int.,1990,102:465～469
[34] 王璞珺,迟元林,刘万洙等.松辽盆地火山岩相:类型、特征和储层意义.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2003,33(4) :449～456 Wang P J,Chi Y L,Liu W Z,et al.Volcanic facies of the Songliao basin:Classification,characteristics and reservoir significance.Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition) (in Chinese),2003,33(4) :449～456
[35] 陈建文,王德发,张晓东等.松辽盆地徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩相和火山机构分析.地学前缘,2000,3(4) :371～379 Chen J W,Wang D F,Zhang X S,et al.Analysis of volcanic facies and apparatus of Yingcheng formation in Xujiaweizi faulting depression,Songliao basin northeast China.Earth Science Frontiers (in Chinese),2000,3(4) :371～379
[2] 邵红梅,毛庆云,姜洪启等.徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩气藏储层特征.天然气工业,2006,26(6) :29～32 Shao H M,Mao Q Y,Jiang H Q,et al.Reservoir characteristics of volcanic rock gas pool in Yingcheng formation in Xujiaweizi fault depression.AturalGas Industry (in Chinese),2006,26(6) :29～32
[3] 杨辉,张研,邹才能等.松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷火山岩分布及天然气富集规律.地球物理学报,2006,4(49) :1136～1143 Yang H,Zhang Y,Zou C N,et al.Volcanic rock distribution and gas abundance regularity in Xujiaweizi faulted depression,Songliao basin.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,4(49) :1136～1143
[4] 舒萍,纪学雁,丁日新等.徐深气田火山岩储层的裂缝特征研究.大庆石油地质与开发,2008,2(27) :13～17 Shu P,Ji X Y,Ding R X,et al.Study on fracture features of volcanic reservoirs in Xushen gas field.Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing (in Chinese),2008,2(27) :13～17
[5] 姜传金,陈树民,初丽兰等.徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩分布特征及火山喷发机制的新认识.岩石学报,2010,26(1) :63～72 Jiang C J,Chen S M,Chu L L,et al.A New Understanding about the Volcanic distribution characteristics and eruption mechanism of Yingchen formation in Xujiaweizi fault depression.Acta Petrologica Sinica (in Chinese),2010,26(1) :63～72
[6] 邓攀,陈孟晋,高哲荣等.火山岩储层构造裂缝的测井识别及解释.石油学报,2002,23(6) :32～36 Deng J,Chen M J,Gao Zh R,et al.Log response and explanation of structural fractures in volcanic rock reservoir.Acta Petrolei Sinica (in Chinese),2002,23(6) :32～36
[7] 李佳阳,夏宁,秦启荣.成像测井评价致密碎屑岩储层的裂 缝与含气性.测井技术,2007,31(1) :17～20 Li J Y,Xia N,Qin Q R.Fracture and gas-bearing evaluation of tight clastic reservoir with image logging.Well Logging Technology (in Chinese),2007,31(1) :17～20
[8] 张树东,司马立强,刘萍英等.基于测井新技术解释有效裂缝发育规律.西南石油大学学报,2007,29(1) :23～25 Zhang S D,Si Ma L Q,Liu P Y,et al.Interpret the law of effective fracture development based on new technology in well logging.Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (in Chinese),2007,29(1) :23～25
[9] 史謌,何涛,仵岳奇等.用正演数值计算方法开展双侧向测井对裂缝的响应研究.地球物理学报,2004,47(2) :359～363 Shi G,He T,Wu Y Q,et al.A study on the dual laterolog response to fractures using the forward Numerical modeling.Chinese].Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(2) :359～363
[10] 唐晓雪,唐建候.用P-SV转换波资料研究储层各向异性.石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(1) :27～33 Tang X X,Tang J H.Study reservoiranisotropy by P-SV conversion data.Oil Geophysical Prospect (in Chinese),1997,32(1) :27～33
[11] Carcuz J R.A combined AVO analysis of P-P and P-S reflection data.In:Expanded Abstract of the 71st Annual International SEG Meeting,2001． 323～325
[12] 朱培民,王家映,于文辉等.用纵波AVO数据反演储层裂隙密度参数.石油物探,2001,40(2) :1～12 Zhu P M,Wang J Y,Yu W H,et al.Invert reservoir fracture-density parameters by P-wave AVO data.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum (in Chinese),2001,40(2) :1～12
[13] 曲寿利,季玉新,王鑫等.全方位P波属性裂缝检测方法.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(4) :390～397 Qu S L,Ji Y X,Wang X,et al.Seismic method for using full-azimuth P-wave attribution to detect fracture.Oil Geophysical Prospecting ( in Chinese),2001,36(4) :390～397
[14] 李绪宣.多波地震地层各向异性的初步研究和探讨.天然气工业,2001,21(5) :41～44 Li X X.An initiative study and discussion on rocks anisotropy by using multiwave seismics.Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),2001,21(5) :41～44
[15] 杜启振,杨慧珠.方位各向异性介质的裂缝预测方法研究.石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(4) :32～36 Du Q Z,Yang H Z.Detection method for fractures in azimuthally anisotropic media.Journal of the University of Petroleum(Natural Science) (in Chinese),2003,27(4) :32～36
[16] 罗省贤,李录明.基于横波分裂的地层裂缝预测方法与应用.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,30(1) :52～59 Luo S X,Li L M.Method and application of predicting medium fracture based on shear-wave separating theory.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Natural Science) (in Chinese),2003,30(1) :52～59
[17] 王建民,杨冬,魏修成等.多分量地震资料预测松辽盆地兴城地区深层火山岩与有利含气带.地球物理学报,2007,6(50) :1914～1923 Wang J M,Yang D,Wei X C,et al.Predicting deep volcanic rocks and favorable gas zone near Xingcheng area in Songliao Basin using multi-component seismic data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,6(50) :1914～1923
[18] 孙炜,王彦春,李梅等.利用叠前地震数据预测火山岩储层裂缝.物探与化探,2010,34(2) :229～232 Sun W,Wang Y C,Li M,et al.The Detection of Fractures in the Volcanic Reservoir with Pre-Stack Seismic Data.Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration (in Chinese),2010,34(2) :229～232
[19] Mallick S,Frazer L N.Reflection transmission coefficients and azimuthal anisotropy in marine studies.Geophys.J.Int.,1991,105(1) :241～252
[20] Johnson W E.Direct detection of gas in pre-Tertiary sediments.The Leading Edge,1995,14(2) :119～122
[21] Lynn H B,Simon K M.Azimuthal anisotropy in P-wave 3D multiazimuth data.The Leading Edge,1996,15(8) :923～928
[22] Mallick S,Craft K L,Meister L J,et al.Determination of the principal directions of azimuthal anisotropy from P-wave seismic data.Geophysics,1998,63(2) :692～706
[23] 阴可,杨慧珠.各向异性介质中的AVO.地球物理学报,1998,41(3) :382～391 Yin K,Yang H Z.AVO in anisotropic media.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1998,41(3) :382～391
[24] 刘洋,董敏煜.各向异性介质中的方位AVO.石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(3) :260～267 Liu Y,Dong M Y.Azimuthal AVO in anisotropic medium.;Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese),1999,34(3) :260～267
[25] Shen F,Sierra J,Burns D R,et al.Azimuthal offset-dependent attributes applied to fracture detection in a carbonate reservoir.Geophysics,2002,67(2) :355～364
[26] Hall S A,Kendall M J.Fracture characterization at Valhall:application of P-wave amplitude variation with offset and azimuth ( AVO A) analysis to a 3D ocean-bottom data set.Geophysics,2003,6S(4) :1150～1160
[27] Lynn H B,Simon K M,Bates C R.Correlation between P-wave AVOA and S-wave traveltime anisotropy in naturally fractured gas reservoir.The Leading Edge,1996,15(8) :931～935
[28] 张丽华,潘保芝,单刚义等.长岭地区火山岩储层流体性质测井预测.地球物理学进展,2009,24(6) :2151～2155 Zhang L H,Pan B Z,Shan G Y,et al.Fluid property logging prediction of volcanic reservoirs in the Changling area.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2009,24(6) :2151～2155
[29] Thomsen L.Weak elastic anisotropy.Geophysics,1986,51(10) :1954～1966
[30] R(u|¨)ger A.P-wave reflection coefficients for transversely isotropic models with vertical and horizontal axis of symmetry.Geophysics,1997,62(3) :713～721
[31] R(u|¨)ger A.Variation of P-wave reflectivity with offset and azimuth in anisotropic media.Geophysics,1998,63(3) :935～947
[32] Hudson J A.Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves in material containing cracks.Geophys.J.R.Astr,Soc.,1981,64:133～150
[33] Hudson J A.Overall elastic properties of isotropic materials with arbitrary distribution of circular cracks.Geophys.J.Int.,1990,102:465～469
[34] 王璞珺,迟元林,刘万洙等.松辽盆地火山岩相:类型、特征和储层意义.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2003,33(4) :449～456 Wang P J,Chi Y L,Liu W Z,et al.Volcanic facies of the Songliao basin:Classification,characteristics and reservoir significance.Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition) (in Chinese),2003,33(4) :449～456
[35] 陈建文,王德发,张晓东等.松辽盆地徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩相和火山机构分析.地学前缘,2000,3(4) :371～379 Chen J W,Wang D F,Zhang X S,et al.Analysis of volcanic facies and apparatus of Yingcheng formation in Xujiaweizi faulting depression,Songliao basin northeast China.Earth Science Frontiers (in Chinese),2000,3(4) :371～379
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