基于滑坡成因的汶川地震堰塞湖分类及典型实例分析
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摘要
汶川地震引发了大量的堰塞湖,其带来的长期危害成为灾区恢复重建过程中引人关注的问题之一。依据地震滑坡成因机制及特点,对地震堰塞湖进行了类型划分,从地震滑坡(崩塌等)灾害的形成机制将堰塞湖分为整体滑动型堰塞湖和崩滑型堰塞湖两个大类。在崩滑型堰塞湖中,根据滑坡的成因特点又分为坠落—滑动型堰塞湖和坠落—弹射—滑动型堰塞湖两个亚类。并列举各种类型地震堰塞湖的典型实例,分析总结了各种类型的成因方式、发育特点及应急处置措施。对提高地震堰塞湖的认识具有一定的学科意义,对地震恢复重建过程中堰塞湖的长期防治具有一定的科学指导意义。
A large number of dammed lakes induced by Wenchuan earthquake can be classified based on the formation mechanism and characteristics.With the formation mechanism of seismic landslide(collapse) disasters,dammed lakes were classified into two major categories as the overall-sliding type and collapse-sliding type.Moreover,the collapse-sliding dammed lakes were divided into two subtypes as the fall-sliding type and fall-ejection-sliding type according to the formation characteristics of landslides.The typical cases of various earthquake-induced dammed lakes were chosen to analyze the formation methods,development characteristics and disposal measures,with a certain academic significance for raising the awareness of earthquake-induced dammed lakes and providing scientific guidance for the long-term control of earthquake-induced dammed lakes.
A large number of dammed lakes induced by Wenchuan earthquake can be classified based on the formation mechanism and characteristics.With the formation mechanism of seismic landslide(collapse) disasters,dammed lakes were classified into two major categories as the overall-sliding type and collapse-sliding type.Moreover,the collapse-sliding dammed lakes were divided into two subtypes as the fall-sliding type and fall-ejection-sliding type according to the formation characteristics of landslides.The typical cases of various earthquake-induced dammed lakes were chosen to analyze the formation methods,development characteristics and disposal measures,with a certain academic significance for raising the awareness of earthquake-induced dammed lakes and providing scientific guidance for the long-term control of earthquake-induced dammed lakes.
引文
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[2]Cui Peng,Han Yongshun,Chen Xiaoqing.Distribution and risk analysis of dammed lakes reduced by Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(3):35-41.[崔鹏,韩用顺,陈晓清.汶川地震堰塞湖分布规律与风险评估[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):35-41.]
[3]Chang Dongsheng,Zhang Limin,Xu Yao,et al.Analysis of overtopping failure of Hongshihe landslide dam after Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):50-55.[常东升,张利民,徐耀,等.红石河堰塞湖漫顶溃坝风险评估[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):50-55.]
[4]Costa J E,Schuster R L.The formation and failure of natural dams[J].Ceologieal Society of America Bulletin,1988,100:1054-1068.
[5]Liang Jun.Fluvial process influenced by Earthquake Lakes and restoration of mountain rivers[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(6):13-17.[梁军.地震堰塞湖对山区河流的影响与综合治理[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(6):13-17.]
[6]Cheng Zunlan,Cui Peng,Li Yong,et al.Major disasters and countermeasures of dammed lakes from landslides and debris flows[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2008,26(6):733-738.[程尊兰,崔鹏,李泳,等.滑坡、泥石流堰塞湖灾害主要的成灾特点与减灾对策[J].山地学报,2008,26(6):733-738.]
[7]Nie Gaozhong,Gao Jianguo,Deng Yan.Preliminary study on earthquake-induced dammed lake[J].Quaternary Science,2004,24(3):293-301.[聂高众,高建国,邓砚.地震诱发的堰塞湖初步研究[J].第四纪研究,2004,24(3):293-301.]
[8]Fu Xiangning.Management and rational use of dammed lake in the world[J].EWRH,2008,29(10):4-5.[付湘宁.国内外堰塞湖的治理与合理利用[J].水利水电快报,2008,29(10):4-5.]
[9]Kong Jiming,A Fayou,Wu Wenping.Typical examples analysis the types of Wenchuan Earthquake landslide[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,23(6):66-70.[孔纪名,阿发友,吴文平.汶川地震滑坡类型及典型实例分析[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(6):66-70.]
[10]Kong Jimin,Cui Yun,Tian Shujun,et al.Typical case study on the development characteristics of fragmentation-sliding seismic landslide[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(3):119-124.[孔纪名,崔云,田述军,等.地震碎裂滑动型滑坡发育特点及典型实例分析[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):119-124.]
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