汶川8级地震前电磁扰动与电磁立体监测体系
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摘要
研究分析了在2008年5月12日四川汶川8.0级地震前出现的地面电磁与电离层中观测到的中、短临电磁异常,其中距离震中最近的郫县台地电阻率显示了2年左右的趋势下降异常,下降幅度7.2%,同时多台电阻率观测在震前1个月左右显示短临突变异常;震前18天地磁垂直分量出现低点位移,分界线两侧的低点时间超过2h;震前3天即5月9日,地磁低点位移、利用GPS反演得到的电离层总电子含量(TEC)、电离层测高仪得到的foF2和电磁卫星监测的离子密度和温度等均观测到局部电磁扰动现象,多数异常幅度超过50%。汶川8.0级地震前各种电磁观测技术记录到的明显异常现象,揭示了电磁学科在地震预报研究领域巨大的潜力,加强天-地一体化的立体电磁监测对地震预报水平的提高是非常必要的。
Middle-term,imminent anomalies observed in geoelectrical and geomagnetic and ionospheric detecting before Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake in Sichuan Province,on May 12th 2008,are studied and analyzed.Earth resistivity at Pixian station nearest to the epicenter showed a decreasing trend of 2 years with the reducing amplitude of 7.2%.At the meantime,earth resistivity at some stations exhibited short-term abrupt anomalies a month prior to the earthquake.Low point displacement of geomagnetic vertical component occurred 18 days before the event,in which the low point time at two sides of dividing boundary exceeded 2 hours.On May 9,3 days before the earthquake,many local electromagnetic perturbations were detected by geomagnetic low point displacement,total electron concentration(TEC)inversed by GPS observation,foF2 obtained by ionospheric sounding and ion density and temperature detected by electromagnetic satellite,with most amplitude exceeding 50%.These apparent anomalies recorded by kinds of electromagnetic observation technology before Wenchuan M8 earthquake reveals great potentialities of electromagnetic subject in the field of earthquake prediction,and it is necessary to enhance stereo electromagnetic observation by space-ground integration for improving the level of earthquake prediction.
Middle-term,imminent anomalies observed in geoelectrical and geomagnetic and ionospheric detecting before Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake in Sichuan Province,on May 12th 2008,are studied and analyzed.Earth resistivity at Pixian station nearest to the epicenter showed a decreasing trend of 2 years with the reducing amplitude of 7.2%.At the meantime,earth resistivity at some stations exhibited short-term abrupt anomalies a month prior to the earthquake.Low point displacement of geomagnetic vertical component occurred 18 days before the event,in which the low point time at two sides of dividing boundary exceeded 2 hours.On May 9,3 days before the earthquake,many local electromagnetic perturbations were detected by geomagnetic low point displacement,total electron concentration(TEC)inversed by GPS observation,foF2 obtained by ionospheric sounding and ion density and temperature detected by electromagnetic satellite,with most amplitude exceeding 50%.These apparent anomalies recorded by kinds of electromagnetic observation technology before Wenchuan M8 earthquake reveals great potentialities of electromagnetic subject in the field of earthquake prediction,and it is necessary to enhance stereo electromagnetic observation by space-ground integration for improving the level of earthquake prediction.
引文
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[16]LI UJ Y,CHUO Y J,SHAN Y B,et al.Pre-earth-quake ionospheric anomalies registered by continuousGPS TEC measurements[J].Ann.Geophys.,2004,22,1585-1593.
[17]索玉成.f0F2的季节变化特征[J].电波科学学报,1995,10(4):83-93.SUO Yucheng.Seasonal variation of foF2[J].Chi-nese Journal of Radio Science,1995,10(4):83-93.
[18]LAGOUTTE D,BROCHOTJ Y,DE ARVALHO D,et al.The DEMETER science mission centre[J].Planetary and S pace Science,2006,54(5):428-440.
[2]HAYAKAWA M,MOLCHANOV O A,ONDOH T,et al.The precursory signature effects of the Kobeearthquake on VLF subionospheric signals[J].JComm Res Lab,1996,43(2):169-180.
[3]VAROTSOS P,ALEXOPOULOS K,and LAZARID-OU M.Latest aspects of earthquake prediction inGreece based on Seismic Electric Signals,Ⅱ[J].Tec-tonophysics,1993,224(1):,1-37.
[4]LARKINA VI,NALIVAYKO A V,GERSHENZONNI,et al.Observations of VLF emission related withseismic activity on the Interkosmos-19 satellite[J].Geomagn.Aeron.,1983,23(5):684-687.(In Rus-sian).
[5]PARROT M,BERTHELIER J J,LEBRETON J P,etal.Examples of unusual ionospheric observations madeby the DEMETER satellite over seismic regions[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2006,31(4):486-495.
[6]OHTA K,UMEDA K,WATANABE N and HAY-AKAWA M.Relationship between ELF magneticfields and Tai wan earthquake[C]∥Ed.,M Hayakawaand O A Molchanov,Seismo Electromagnetics:Litho-sphere-At mosphere-Ionosphere Coupling.TERRA-PUB,Tokyo,2002:233-237.
[8]KARAKELIAN D,BEROZA G C,KLEMPERER SL,et al.Analysis of ultra-low frequency electromag-netic field measurements associated with the 1999M7.1 Hector Mine earthquake sequence[J].Bull Seis-mol.Soc.Am.,2002,92(4):1513-1524.
[9]丁鉴海,索玉成,余素荣.地磁场与电离层异常现象及其与地震的关系[J].空间科学学报,2005,25(6):536-542.DINGJianhai,SUO Yucheng,YUSurong.Phenome-na of geomagnetic and ionospheric anomalies and theirrelation to earthquakes[J].Chinese Journal of SpaceScience,2005,25(6):536-542.
[10]杜爱民,周志坚,徐文耀,等.新疆和田ML7.1地震前ULF电磁辐射的激发机理[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):832-83.DU Ai min,ZHOU Zhijian,XU Wenyao,et al.Genetation mechanisms of ULF electromagnetic emis-sions before the M-L7.1 earthquake at HOTAN OFXINJIANG[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(5):832-838.
[11]国家地震局科技监测司.地震电磁观测技术[M].北京:地震出版社,2001:1-326.
[12]丁鉴海,申旭辉,潘威炎,等.地震电磁前兆研究进展[J].电波科学学报.2006,21(5):791-801.DING Jianhai,SHEN Xuhui,PAN Weiyan,et al.Seismo-electromagnetism precursors research pro-gress[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2006,21(5):791-801.
[13]赵玉林,钱复业.唐山7.8级强震前震中周围形变电阻率的下降异常[J].地球物理学报,1978,21(3):181-190.ZHAO Yulin,QIAN Fuye.Electrical resistivityanomal observedin and around the epicentral area pri-or to the TANGSHAN earthquake of 1976[J].Chi-nese Journal of Geophysics,1978,21(3):181-190.
[14]丁鉴海,刘杰,余素荣,等.地磁日变化异常与强震的关系[J].地震学报,2004,26(增刊):79-87.DINGJianhai,LI UJie,YU Surong,et al.Geomag-netic diurnal-variation anomalies and their relation tostrong earthquakes[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2004,26(S1):79-87.
[15]丁鉴海,黄雪香,邢如英,等.地磁“低点位移”现象及其与地震的关系[J].地震学报,1988,10(4):406-414.DINGJianhai,HUANG Xuexiang,XING Ruying,etal.Geomagnetic lowpoint displacement phenomenaand their relation to earthquakes[J].Acta Seismolog-ica Sinica,1988,10(4):406-414.
[16]LI UJ Y,CHUO Y J,SHAN Y B,et al.Pre-earth-quake ionospheric anomalies registered by continuousGPS TEC measurements[J].Ann.Geophys.,2004,22,1585-1593.
[17]索玉成.f0F2的季节变化特征[J].电波科学学报,1995,10(4):83-93.SUO Yucheng.Seasonal variation of foF2[J].Chi-nese Journal of Radio Science,1995,10(4):83-93.
[18]LAGOUTTE D,BROCHOTJ Y,DE ARVALHO D,et al.The DEMETER science mission centre[J].Planetary and S pace Science,2006,54(5):428-440.
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