多源雷达遥感数据汶川地震灾情应急监测与评价
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摘要
合成孔径雷达(SAR)具有全天时、全天候成像能力和图像立体感强的优势,在汶川大地震灾情监测与评估中发挥了不可替代的作用。利用多源多时相高分辨率雷达遥感数据,对汶川地震灾区各城镇和次生灾害进行了快速、系统、连续的监测,并根据雷达图像特征对房屋损毁情况、滑坡和堰塞湖的分布与规模等进行了快速定量评估,建立了相应的解译标志。监测成果及报告呈送了国家各有关部门和救援队伍,为抢险救灾及灾后重建工作提供了详实、可靠的科学依据。
Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) has significant advantages in disaster monitoring that are all weather,independent of illumination imaging capabilities and strong stereoscopic sense.SAR technology played irreplaceable role in rapid response to Wenchuan Earthquake monitoring and damage assessment.Wenchuan Earthquake generated numerous of landslides,landslide lakes and dams,as well as debris flows.Their quantity,scale and dimension brake historic records.Landslides buried towns and villages,blocked up river channels which inundated villages and heavily destroyed the road networks and made the rescue work extremely difficult.The hardship of rescue efforts was beyond of human imagination in Wenchuan Earthquake.With high resolution SAR images we detecte a great deal of landslides and landslide lakes.Those giant catastrophic landslides reach very large size and scale.One of the largest landslides we detecte has total area of 7 km2 and fly distance of 4 km.They fly from one side of the river bank to the opposite bank.It is hard to explain their behavior and scale with ordinary concept of landslide.Moving such amount of material needs tremendous energy.Does Wenchuan Earthquake provide such amount of energy? Why does Wenchuan Earthquake generate so many seismic secondary disasters? Certainly geosciences community needs further research to solve this puzzle.The microwave remote sensing division in Institute of Remote Sensing Applications made 7 reports on Tangjiashan landslide and Landslide Lake,Beichuan county with multi-temporal SAR images,7 reports on other landslides and landslide lakes,1 report on building damage assessment for several counties,including Anchang town,Huagai Town,Mianzu City and Luojiang City.All the reports were delivered to central and local government,ministries and rescue teams.This paper summaries the work that has been done for Wenchuan Earthquake.This paper presents the SAR image interpretation on building damage assessment,landslide and landslide lake monitoring,especially their characteristics on SAR images.The damaged building normally has no clear texture or shadow in contrast with buildings in good conditions.Owing to the good stereoscopic sense of SAR images,we can identify the back scar,debris deposit,fly trace and measure the total area and the flying distance of a landslide.With continuously acquired multi-temporal SAR images,including TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed satellite SAR images,we can track the development of a landslide lake such as Tangjiashan Landslide Lake.As water level rising,the small towns such as Xuan Ping,Zhicheng and village Sheng Kenzi are inundated.The Xuan Ping Town is finally total underwater.Many roads along the Jian River are inundated as well.The tail of Tangjiashan Landslide Lake extends toward upstream gradually,and widens the river channel obviously.All the information extracted and evaluation delivered from SAR images made great contribution to the decision making and rescue action.
Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) has significant advantages in disaster monitoring that are all weather,independent of illumination imaging capabilities and strong stereoscopic sense.SAR technology played irreplaceable role in rapid response to Wenchuan Earthquake monitoring and damage assessment.Wenchuan Earthquake generated numerous of landslides,landslide lakes and dams,as well as debris flows.Their quantity,scale and dimension brake historic records.Landslides buried towns and villages,blocked up river channels which inundated villages and heavily destroyed the road networks and made the rescue work extremely difficult.The hardship of rescue efforts was beyond of human imagination in Wenchuan Earthquake.With high resolution SAR images we detecte a great deal of landslides and landslide lakes.Those giant catastrophic landslides reach very large size and scale.One of the largest landslides we detecte has total area of 7 km2 and fly distance of 4 km.They fly from one side of the river bank to the opposite bank.It is hard to explain their behavior and scale with ordinary concept of landslide.Moving such amount of material needs tremendous energy.Does Wenchuan Earthquake provide such amount of energy? Why does Wenchuan Earthquake generate so many seismic secondary disasters? Certainly geosciences community needs further research to solve this puzzle.The microwave remote sensing division in Institute of Remote Sensing Applications made 7 reports on Tangjiashan landslide and Landslide Lake,Beichuan county with multi-temporal SAR images,7 reports on other landslides and landslide lakes,1 report on building damage assessment for several counties,including Anchang town,Huagai Town,Mianzu City and Luojiang City.All the reports were delivered to central and local government,ministries and rescue teams.This paper summaries the work that has been done for Wenchuan Earthquake.This paper presents the SAR image interpretation on building damage assessment,landslide and landslide lake monitoring,especially their characteristics on SAR images.The damaged building normally has no clear texture or shadow in contrast with buildings in good conditions.Owing to the good stereoscopic sense of SAR images,we can identify the back scar,debris deposit,fly trace and measure the total area and the flying distance of a landslide.With continuously acquired multi-temporal SAR images,including TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed satellite SAR images,we can track the development of a landslide lake such as Tangjiashan Landslide Lake.As water level rising,the small towns such as Xuan Ping,Zhicheng and village Sheng Kenzi are inundated.The Xuan Ping Town is finally total underwater.Many roads along the Jian River are inundated as well.The tail of Tangjiashan Landslide Lake extends toward upstream gradually,and widens the river channel obviously.All the information extracted and evaluation delivered from SAR images made great contribution to the decision making and rescue action.
引文
[1]Stone R.Sichuan disaster:Landslides,flooding pose treats as ex-perts survey quake's impact[J].Science,News of the Week,2008-05-23,320:996—997.
[2]Stone R.Wenchuan earthquake:Scientists race against the clockto gauge landslide risk[J].Science,News of the Week,2008-06-13,320:1408.
[3]Stone R.Wenchuan earthquake:An unpredictably violent fault[J].Science,News Focus,2008-06-20,320,1578—1580.
[4]Parsonsl T,Ji C,Kirby E.Stress changes from the 2008 Wen-chuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin.[J]Nature,2008,454,509—510.
[5]Guo H D.Radar for Earth Obersavation.Theory and Applica-tions[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.[郭华东,雷达对地观测理论与应用,北京:科学出版社,2000.]
[6]Guo HD.Radar Remote Sensing Applications in China,Taylor&Francis Books Ltd(泰勒-弗兰西斯出版社),英国伦敦,2000.
[2]Stone R.Wenchuan earthquake:Scientists race against the clockto gauge landslide risk[J].Science,News of the Week,2008-06-13,320:1408.
[3]Stone R.Wenchuan earthquake:An unpredictably violent fault[J].Science,News Focus,2008-06-20,320,1578—1580.
[4]Parsonsl T,Ji C,Kirby E.Stress changes from the 2008 Wen-chuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin.[J]Nature,2008,454,509—510.
[5]Guo H D.Radar for Earth Obersavation.Theory and Applica-tions[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.[郭华东,雷达对地观测理论与应用,北京:科学出版社,2000.]
[6]Guo HD.Radar Remote Sensing Applications in China,Taylor&Francis Books Ltd(泰勒-弗兰西斯出版社),英国伦敦,2000.
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