教学楼户外楼梯的空间地震效应及其加固措施
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摘要
汶川地震震害调查中发现,楼梯斜板结构破坏较为严重,甚至楼梯板早于主体结构破坏出现。结合震害调查结果,针对目前中小学抗震鉴定中普遍存在的户外楼梯抗震问题,结合某中学教学楼抗震鉴定实例,讨论了楼梯斜板的空间刚度效应对整体结构抗震性能的影响。分析结果表明,楼梯斜板的空间刚度效应对整体结构抗震性能影响较大,不能忽略;楼梯斜板在地震作用下,表现为偏心受拉(压)构件,而不是原设计所认为的受弯构件,这也解释了汶川地震中楼梯间结构震害较重的原因。最后,提出了一个切实可行的楼梯斜板加固措施。
During Wenchuan earthquake,a lot of stairways have been destroyed,some of which damaged before the main structure was ruined.There are many problems about the seismic performance of outdoor stairways in many school buildings.Regarding to a specific seismic-appraisal project,considering the seismic damage investigation results,the influence of spatial stiffness effect of outdoor stairways on the structural seismic performance was studied.According to the analysis results,spatial stiffness effect of the stairways has an important influence on the seismic-resistance performance of the entire structure.This effect is often ignored in structural design.Under earthquake action,the stair-slab is an eccentrically-tensioned member rather than a bent member.It is the reason why seismic damage of stair-slab is serious during Wenchuan earthquake.Finally,an efficient retrofit scheme was proposed to strengthen the stair-slab.
During Wenchuan earthquake,a lot of stairways have been destroyed,some of which damaged before the main structure was ruined.There are many problems about the seismic performance of outdoor stairways in many school buildings.Regarding to a specific seismic-appraisal project,considering the seismic damage investigation results,the influence of spatial stiffness effect of outdoor stairways on the structural seismic performance was studied.According to the analysis results,spatial stiffness effect of the stairways has an important influence on the seismic-resistance performance of the entire structure.This effect is often ignored in structural design.Under earthquake action,the stair-slab is an eccentrically-tensioned member rather than a bent member.It is the reason why seismic damage of stair-slab is serious during Wenchuan earthquake.Finally,an efficient retrofit scheme was proposed to strengthen the stair-slab.
引文
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[2]Higgins C.Prefabricated steel stair performance undercombined seismic and gravity loads[J].Journal ofStructural Engineering-ASCE,2009,135(2):122-129.
[3]刘小虎.框架结构中楼梯的抗侧刚度分析[J].工业建筑,2009,39(1):334-337.Liu X H.The analysis of the stairs systems stiffness ina frame structure[J].Industrial Construction,2009,39(1):334-337.(in Chinese)
[4]胡庆昌.钢筋混凝土结构楼梯间与楼梯的震害及设计建议[J].建筑结构,2005,35(11):31-37.Hu Q C.Damage and design suggestions of stairwayand staircase in RC structures[J].Building Structure,2005,35(11):31-37.(in Chinese)
[5]杨勇,陈继英,张晨军.大面积斜板对多高层混凝土结构抗震性能的影响[J].建筑结构,2005,35(11):22-24.Yang Y,Chen J Y,Zhang C J.Influence of large-scalediagonal plates on antiseismic performance of tallconcrete building[J].Building Structure,2005,35(11):22-24.(in Chinese)
[6]苏启旺,蔡宏儒,李力.从“汶川大地震”引发对板式楼梯设计的思考[J].四川建筑科学研究,2008,34(4):165-167.Su Q W,Cai H R,Li L.Reflections on the design ofslab stairs from Wenchuan earthquake[J].SichuanBuilding Science,2008,34(4):165-167.(inChinese)
[7]吴勇,王周胜,张玲.框架结构中板式楼梯震害分析及对策探讨[J].建筑技术,2009,40(6):561-564.Wu Y,Wang Z S,Zhang L.Analysis on earthquakedisaster of cranked slab stairs in frame structures inearthquake and discussion on countermeasures[J].Architecture Technology,2009,40(6):561-564.(inChinese)
[8]中国建筑科学研究院.GB 50023—2009建筑抗震鉴定标准[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.China Academy of Building Research.GB 50023—2009 Standard for Seismic Appraisal of Buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2008.(in Chinese)
[9]中国建筑科学研究院.GB 50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.China Academy of Building Research.GB 50011—2001 Code for Seismic Design of Buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2008.(in Chinese)
[10]中华人民共和国建设部.JGJ 116—2009建筑抗震加固技术规程[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development ofthe People's Republic of China.JGJ 116—2009Technical Specification for Seismic Strengthening ofBuildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&BuildingPress,2009.(in Chinese)
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