地震作用下碾压混凝土重力坝的可靠度分析
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摘要
受基岩和坝体材料参数不确定性及地震随机性的影响,复杂地基上高碾压混凝土重力坝在强震作用下的动力响应具有较大的不确定性,坝体在地震下的失效概率和体系可靠度的分析成为难点。考虑混凝土材料、岩体材料和地震动的变异性,采用响应面法得到模拟重力坝极限状态方程的二次多项式,利用可靠度的有限步长法计算体系的可靠度。结合适应谱Push-over方法,改进拟静力法中重力坝地震惯性力动态分布系数的计算方法,将其用于重力坝动力可靠度计算。通过对强震区碾压混凝土重力坝的极限承载能力以及地震作用下可能失效路径对基本功能目标影响分析,研究不同失效路径下重力坝体系的可靠度影响因素,分析对应于坝体失效、地基失效、层面稳定以及闸门启闭的每种失效模式的失效概率和重力坝的体系可靠度,并用系统可靠度理论研究地震动对整个碾压混凝土重力坝体系的失效概率及可靠度影响。研究结果表明,不同的失效路径与各功能目标相联系,重力坝的可靠度需要综合考虑各失效路径的影响;地震作用下结构体系的可靠度受几种失效路径共同决定。
Due to the uncertainty of material parameters and randomness of earthquake,the dynamic response of high rolled compacted concrete(RCC) gravity dam is uncertain.Analyses of the seismic failure probability and aseismic reliabilities of gravity dam located at meizoseismal area are difficult.Taking the variability of material parameters and earthquake into account,a quadratic polynomial fitting by using response surface method is used to simulate the limit state equation of RCC gravity dam.The reliability index is calculated by a finite iteration step method.The distribution of effective earthquake forces is ameliorated according to adaptive spectra-based Push-over procedure and used to calculate the gravity dam′s reliability.The influences of different failure paths on the reliability of RCC gravity dam are studied by analyzing the dam′s ultimate bearing capacity.Probable seismic failure paths and failure modes corresponding to limit load state and normal operation state are analyzed.The failure probabilities for the different failure modes corresponding to dam,rock,sliding of roller compacted layer and floor are further analyzed.Based on system reliability theory,the dynamic system failure probability and reliability index of RCC gravity dam are obtained in terms of the correlated and non-correlated failure modes.The results indicate that the reliability levels have relation to various failure paths.The corporate influence of the different failure paths on the system reliability should be considered.
Due to the uncertainty of material parameters and randomness of earthquake,the dynamic response of high rolled compacted concrete(RCC) gravity dam is uncertain.Analyses of the seismic failure probability and aseismic reliabilities of gravity dam located at meizoseismal area are difficult.Taking the variability of material parameters and earthquake into account,a quadratic polynomial fitting by using response surface method is used to simulate the limit state equation of RCC gravity dam.The reliability index is calculated by a finite iteration step method.The distribution of effective earthquake forces is ameliorated according to adaptive spectra-based Push-over procedure and used to calculate the gravity dam′s reliability.The influences of different failure paths on the reliability of RCC gravity dam are studied by analyzing the dam′s ultimate bearing capacity.Probable seismic failure paths and failure modes corresponding to limit load state and normal operation state are analyzed.The failure probabilities for the different failure modes corresponding to dam,rock,sliding of roller compacted layer and floor are further analyzed.Based on system reliability theory,the dynamic system failure probability and reliability index of RCC gravity dam are obtained in terms of the correlated and non-correlated failure modes.The results indicate that the reliability levels have relation to various failure paths.The corporate influence of the different failure paths on the system reliability should be considered.
引文
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[17]常晓林,黄东军,蒋春艳,等.重力坝抗滑稳定设计表达式及分项系数研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(8):1 219–1 223.(CHANG Xiaolin,HUANG Dongjun,JIANG Chunyan,et al.Researches on expression and partial coefficients of anti-sliding stability of gravity dams[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(8):1 219–1 223.(in Chinese))
[18]CHOPRA A K,GOEL R K.A modal pushover analysis procedure for estimating seismic demands for buildings[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2002,31(3):561–582.
[19]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.DL5073–2000水工建筑物抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2001.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.DL 5073–2000 Specifications for seismic design of hydraulic structures[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,1995.(in Chinese))
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[2]雷用,王平,刘东升.求解结构可靠度指标的一种新算法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(5):736–739.(LEI Yong,WANG Ping,LIU Dongsheng.New algorithm for calculation of reliability indexes of structures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(5):736–739.(in Chinese))
[3]张小庆,康海贵,王复明.一种新的体系可靠度的近似计算方法[J].工程力学,2004,21(1):93–97.(ZHANG Xiaoqing,KANG Haigui,WANG Fuming.A new approximate algorithm for calculation of the failure probability of a system[J].Engineering Mechanics,2004,21(1):93–97.(in Chinese))
[4]胡强,刘宁,李锦辉.一种新的可靠度计算方法及其在工程中的应用[J].岩土力学,2004,25(4):632–636.(HU Qiang,LIU Ning,LI Jinhui.A new method of structural reliability analysis and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(4):632–636.(in Chinese))
[5]梁爱虎,陈厚群,侯顺载.地面最大加速度的概型分布参数对重力坝抗震动力可靠度的影响[J].世界地震工程,1994,10(4):10–13.(LIANG Aihu,CHEN Houqun,HOU Shunzai.Influence of peak ground acceleration probabilistic distribution on dynamic reliability of earthquake-resistance of gravity dams[J].World Information on Earthquake Engineering,1994,10(4):10–13.(in Chinese))
[6]李振富,王日宣.重力坝抗震动力可靠度分析[J].天津大学学报,1995,28(5):668–672.(LI Zhenfu,WANG Rixuan.Earthquake-proof dynamical reliability analysis of gravity dam[J].Journal of Tianjin University,1995,28(5):668–672.(in Chinese))
[7]武清玺,卓家寿.二次序列响应面法分析重力坝的动力可靠度[J].振动工程学报,2001,14(2):224–227.(WU Qingxi,ZHUO Jiashou.Dynamic reliability analysis of gravity dams using a second-order sequence response surface method[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2001,14(2):224–227.(in Chinese))
[8]张新培,陈颖.小震作用下抗震结构时程可靠度计算方法[J].工程力学,2003,20(1):153–156.(ZHANG Xinpei,CHEN Ying.A method for time-history reliability analysis of aseismatic structures under frequent earthquake[J].Engineering Mechanics,2003,20(1):153–156.(in Chinese))
[9]贾超,张楚汉,金峰,等.可靠度对随机变量及失效模式相关系数的敏感度分析及其工程应用[J].工程力学,2006,23(4):12–16.(JIA Chao,ZHANG Chuhan,JIN Feng,et al.Sensitibity analysis of structural reliability to random variables and failure-mode correlation factors and its application to engineering[J].Engineering Mechanics,2006,23(4):12–16.(in Chinese))
[10]封伯昊,张立翔,金峰.基于损伤的混凝土大坝可靠度分析[J].工程力学,2005,22(3):46–51.(FENG Bohao,ZHANG Lixiang,JIN Feng.Reliability analysis of concrete dam based on damage concept[J].Engineering Mechanics,2005,22(3):46–51.(in Chinese))
[11]武清玺,俞晓正,赵魁芝.响应面法及其在混凝土面板堆石坝可靠度分析中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(9):1 506–1 511.(WU Qingxi,YU Xiaozheng,ZHAO Kuizhi.Response surface method and its application to reliability analysis of concrete-faced rockfill dam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(9):1 506–1 511.(in Chinese))
[12]熊铁华,常晓林.基于响应面的三维随机有限元法在大型结构可靠度分析中的应用[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2005,38(1):125–128.(XIONG Tiehua,CHANG Xiaolin.Application of 3D stochastic FEM based on response surface in large structure reliability analysis[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2005,38(1):125–128.(in Chinese))
[13]苏永华,赵明华,蒋德松,等.响应面方法在边坡稳定可靠度分析中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(7):1 417–1 424.(SU Yonghua,ZHAO Minghua,JIANG Desong,et al.Application of response surface method to reliability analysis of slope stability[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(7):1 417–1 424.(in Chinese))
[14]熊铁华,常晓林.响应面法在结构体系可靠度分析中的应用[J].工程力学,2006,23(4):58–61.(XIONG Tiehua,CHANG Xiaolin.Application of response surface method to system reliability analysis[J].Engineering Mechanics,2006,23(4):58–61.(in Chinese))
[15]BUCHER C G,BOURGUND U.A fast and efficient response surface approach for structural reliability problems[J].Structural Safety,1990,7(1):57–66.
[16]贡金鑫,仲伟秋,赵国藩.结构可靠指标的通用计算方法[J].计算力学学报,2003,20(1):12–18.(GONG Jinxin,ZHONG Weiqiu,ZHAO Guofan.A general approach for computing structural reliability index[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics,2003,20(1):12–18.(in Chinese))
[17]常晓林,黄东军,蒋春艳,等.重力坝抗滑稳定设计表达式及分项系数研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(8):1 219–1 223.(CHANG Xiaolin,HUANG Dongjun,JIANG Chunyan,et al.Researches on expression and partial coefficients of anti-sliding stability of gravity dams[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(8):1 219–1 223.(in Chinese))
[18]CHOPRA A K,GOEL R K.A modal pushover analysis procedure for estimating seismic demands for buildings[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2002,31(3):561–582.
[19]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.DL5073–2000水工建筑物抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2001.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.DL 5073–2000 Specifications for seismic design of hydraulic structures[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,1995.(in Chinese))
[20]范武强.基于响应面法的碾压混凝土重力坝可靠度分析[硕士学位论文][D].大连:大连理工大学,2007.(FAN Wuqiang.Concrete gravity dams reliability analysis based on response surface approach[M.S.Thesis][D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2007.(in Chinese))
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