汶川地震大型单体滑坡遥感调查与危险性评价
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摘要
"5.12"汶川特大地震诱发了大量次生地质灾害,山体大面积滑坡、崩塌,给人民的生命财产造成了重大损失。对这些次生性灾害进行详细的调查与监测,评价其近期的稳定性,对于防灾减灾,指导灾后重建具有现实意义。本文探讨了利用遥感影像对大型滑坡进行识别与解译,并运用AHP层次分析法对汶川地震形成的文家坝大型滑坡进行危险性评价的方法。在野外调查的基础上,对2008年5月16日获取的SPOT5影像进行解译,实现了对滑坡的规模、结构、类型、物质组成、稳定性等特征的遥感调查;选取与该滑坡发生有密切关联的地层岩性、坡度、区域降雨量、地震和水文条件5个因素作为滑坡危险性评价的指标,采用比例标度法构建判别矩阵,建立了滑坡危险度判别模型。经计算,文家坝滑坡危险性指数为0.684,危险度较高,有必要进行工程治理。
A large number of secondary geohazards which were triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake induced many landslides and rockfalls in mountain area.It has practical significance for the rebuilding in the disaster areas by assessing geohazards stabilization,which results in the production of hazards survey and monitoring.In this study,the remote sensing technology to detect and identify a large-scale landslide was used,and also AHP analysis was used to make a hazard risk assessment.Based on the field survey,a SPOT 5 image of May 16th,2008 has been interpreted,the basic characters of the landslide,such as scale,type,structure,material composition and stabilization have been surveyed.Five factors which influence the landslide occurrence,i.e.,rock type,slope,rainfall precipitation,seismic intensity,and hydrological environment,were chosen as the risk assessment indices,using Proportion Criteria Method to build the judgment matrix.Then the landslide hazard was calculated by assessment discrimination model,the result shown the risk susceptibility of Wenjiaba landslide was 0.684,that means it is a more dangerous landslide and a project management is needed.
A large number of secondary geohazards which were triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake induced many landslides and rockfalls in mountain area.It has practical significance for the rebuilding in the disaster areas by assessing geohazards stabilization,which results in the production of hazards survey and monitoring.In this study,the remote sensing technology to detect and identify a large-scale landslide was used,and also AHP analysis was used to make a hazard risk assessment.Based on the field survey,a SPOT 5 image of May 16th,2008 has been interpreted,the basic characters of the landslide,such as scale,type,structure,material composition and stabilization have been surveyed.Five factors which influence the landslide occurrence,i.e.,rock type,slope,rainfall precipitation,seismic intensity,and hydrological environment,were chosen as the risk assessment indices,using Proportion Criteria Method to build the judgment matrix.Then the landslide hazard was calculated by assessment discrimination model,the result shown the risk susceptibility of Wenjiaba landslide was 0.684,that means it is a more dangerous landslide and a project management is needed.
引文
[1]国土资源部、水利部、地矿部地质灾害勘察规范[Z].2008.
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[6]Graciela Metternicht.Remote sensing of landslides:An analysis of the potential contribution to geo-spatial systems forhazard assessment in mountainous environments[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2005:284-303.
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[9]许辉熙.空间信息技术在水电开发工程预可研中的决策支持[D].成都:成都理工大学,2008.
[10]褚洪斌,母海东,王金哲,等.层次分析法在太行山区地质灾害危险性分区中的应用[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2003(3):125-129.
[11]武立新,王建国,杨计准.层次分析法在山体滑坡危险度评价中的应用[J].有色金属,2009,61(4):66-69.
[12]樊晓一,乔建平,陈永波.层次分析法在典型滑坡危险度评价中的应用[J].自然灾害学报,2003,13(1):72-76.
[13]中国地质调查局工作标准(DD 2004-02).区域环境地质调查总则(试行)[Z].2004.
[2]R.L.舒斯特.滑坡的分析与防治[M].中国铁道出版社,北京,1987.
[3]王治华.遥感图像在滑坡调查中的应用,滑坡分析与防治[M].科学技术文献出版社重庆分社,1984.
[4]王治华,徐起德,杨日红,贾昭辉,陆瑜瑜.宣汉天台乡滑坡遥感调查研究的初步结果[J].遥感信息,2004(4):75-77.
[5]王治华.大型个体滑坡遥感调查[J].地学前缘,2006,13(5):516-523.
[6]Graciela Metternicht.Remote sensing of landslides:An analysis of the potential contribution to geo-spatial systems forhazard assessment in mountainous environments[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2005:284-303.
[7]吴文勋,蒋勇,唐伟,吴彬.四川省平武县地质灾害补充调查与区划报告[R].成都:四川省冶金地质勘查局水文工程大队,2007.
[8]党安荣,王晓栋,陈晓峰,张建宝.ERDAS INMAGINE遥感图像处理方法[M].清华大学出版社,北京,2002.
[9]许辉熙.空间信息技术在水电开发工程预可研中的决策支持[D].成都:成都理工大学,2008.
[10]褚洪斌,母海东,王金哲,等.层次分析法在太行山区地质灾害危险性分区中的应用[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2003(3):125-129.
[11]武立新,王建国,杨计准.层次分析法在山体滑坡危险度评价中的应用[J].有色金属,2009,61(4):66-69.
[12]樊晓一,乔建平,陈永波.层次分析法在典型滑坡危险度评价中的应用[J].自然灾害学报,2003,13(1):72-76.
[13]中国地质调查局工作标准(DD 2004-02).区域环境地质调查总则(试行)[Z].2004.
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