基于IDA分析的结构抗地震倒塌能力研究
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摘要
结构体系的合理性对提高结构在极端灾害下的抗倒塌能力具有非常关键的作用,但目前尚缺少对结构体系合理性和抗倒塌能力的定量化评价方法。本文以结构抗地震倒塌为例,首先对结构的安全储备进行了讨论,指出结构的安全储备包括构件层次的安全储备和整体结构体系安全储备,并对影响结构体系安全储备的因素进行了分析。而后,为了更好地评价整体结构体系的抗地震倒塌安全水平,介绍了近年来国际上趋向采用的基于增量动力分析(IDA)的倒塌储备系数(CMR),并以框架结构为例介绍了用倒塌储备系数衡量整体结构抗倒塌能力的具体方法。
Structural system is very important for the collapse resistance of structures under extreme disasters.But currently there is still lack of quantitative evaluation method for structural system.Taking aseismic structures as examples,the safety margins of structures are discussed,and it pointed out that the structural safety margin is made up of safety margin that is beneath the structural element level and the safety margin of global structural system.Factors that may control the safety margin of global structural systems are analyzed then.In order to give a better evaluation for the safety of whole structure,Collapse Margin Ratio(CMR)is introduce,which is based on Incremental Dynamic Analysis(IDA)and is receiving more international focus recently.Frame examples are given to illustrate how to evaluate the structural collapse resistance under Mega-earthquake with CMR.
Structural system is very important for the collapse resistance of structures under extreme disasters.But currently there is still lack of quantitative evaluation method for structural system.Taking aseismic structures as examples,the safety margins of structures are discussed,and it pointed out that the structural safety margin is made up of safety margin that is beneath the structural element level and the safety margin of global structural system.Factors that may control the safety margin of global structural systems are analyzed then.In order to give a better evaluation for the safety of whole structure,Collapse Margin Ratio(CMR)is introduce,which is based on Incremental Dynamic Analysis(IDA)and is receiving more international focus recently.Frame examples are given to illustrate how to evaluate the structural collapse resistance under Mega-earthquake with CMR.
引文
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[2]江见鲸,等.防灾减灾工程学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005Jiang J J.et al.Disaster prevention and mitigation engineering[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2005(in China)
[3]叶列平,曲哲,陆新征,冯鹏.提高建筑结构抗地震倒塌能力的设计思想与方法[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):42～50Ye Lie-ping,Qu Zhe,Lu Xin-zheng,Feng Peng.Collapse prevention of building structures:a lesson from the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Building Structures,2008,29(4):42～50(in Chinese)
[4]林同炎,S.D.斯多台斯伯利著.结构概念和体系(高立人,方鄂华,钱稼茹译)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999.第二版Lin Tong-yan.Stotesbury S D.Structural concepts and systems for architects and engineers(Translated by Gao L R,Fang E H and Qian J R)[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,1999.(2ndEdition)(in Chinese)
[5]秦权,林道锦,梅刚.结构可靠度随机有限元——理论及工程应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006Qin Quan,Lin Dao-jin,Mei Gang.Reliability stochastic finite element methods:theory and applications[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2006(in Chinese)
[6]GB50011-2001,建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001GB50011-2001,Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2001(in Chinese)
[7]叶列平,陆新征,马千里,程光煜,宋世研,缪志伟,潘鹏.屈服后刚度对建筑结构地震响应影响的研究[J].建筑结构学报,2009,(2):17～29Ye Lie-ping,Lu Xin-zheng,Ma Qian-li,Cheng Guang-yu,Song Shi-yan,Miao Zhi-wei,Pan Peng.Influence of post-yielding stiffness to seismic response of building structures[J].Journal of Building Structures,2009,30(2):17-29(in Chinese)
[8]Whittaker A,Hart G,Rojahn C.Seismic response modification factors[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1999,125(4):438～444
[9]UBC,International Conference of Building Officials,Uniform building code[S].Whittier,Calif,1997
[10]FEMA273,FEMA274,FEMA356,NEHRP Guidelines For The Seismic Rehabilitation Of Buildings[S]
[11]Washington D C:Federal Emergency Management Agency,1996.Applied Technology Council,Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings[S].ATC-40,1996
[12]Quantification of building seismic performance factors,ATC-63Project Report(90%Draft)[R].FEMA P695/April2008
[13]汪训流,陆新征,叶列平.往复荷载下钢筋混凝土柱受力性能的数值模拟[J].工程力学,2007,24(12):76～81Wang Xun-liu,Lu Xin-zheng,Ye Lei-ping.Numerical simulation for the hysteresis behavior of RC columns under cyclic loads[J],Engineering Mechanics,2007,24(12):76～81(in Chinese)
[14]叶列平,陆新征,马千里,汪训流,缪志伟.混凝土结构抗震非线性分析模型、方法及算例[J].工程力学,2006,23(sup.II):131～140Ye Lie-ping,Lu Xin-zheng,Ma Qian-li,Wang Xun-liu,Miao Zhi-wei.Seismic nonlinear analytical models,methods and examples for concrete structures[J].Engineering Mechanics,2006,23(sup.Ⅱ):131～140(in Chinese)
[15]Lu X Z,Lin X C,Ma Y h,Li Y,Ye L P.Numerical simulation for the progressive collapse of concrete building due to earthquake[A].Proc.the14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C].October12-17,2008,Beijing,China,CDROM
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