电力系统的地震灾害研究现状与应急响应
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摘要
作为大型复杂生命线系统的重要组成部分,电力系统一旦在强烈地震中遭受严重破坏会直接导致整个社会生活陷入瘫痪。近年来发生的历次强烈地震均对电力设施造成了较大的破坏。文章首先回顾近年来国内外电力系统由于强烈地震所引发的事故和损失,重点介绍了电力系统在地震灾害时的破坏特征;然后对电力设施的抗震设计方法和研究现状进行了较为系统的论述;最后以日本东京电力公司为例,介绍了电力系统在地震灾害时的应急响应和震后快速恢复方法。严峻的事实表明:开展电力设施抗震研究,提高电力系统地震灾害下的安全性,保障电力供给,是当前电力系统的一个刻不容缓的任务和挑战。
As a main part of lifeline networks, electric power system is apt to suffer cascading failures during a severe earthquake, which subsequently will partially or even fully paralyze a modern city. This has been widely proved by recent earthquake disasters. Therefore, this paper firstly reviews the malfunction and damage of electric power systems under severe earthquakes home and abroad in recent years. Emphasis is put on the main failure characteristics of different power facilities under earthquake attack. Then, earthquake resistance design methods and the state-of-the-art of seismic research of electric power facilities are introduced. At last, taking TEPCO of Japan as an example, the measures of disaster prevention before earthquake, emergency responses during earthquake and rapid restoration of service after earthquake for electric power system are systematically presented. It is shown that State Grid of China should immediately take thorough earthquake resistant research on power equipment to enhance the safety and power supplement capacity of electric system in seismically active areas.
As a main part of lifeline networks, electric power system is apt to suffer cascading failures during a severe earthquake, which subsequently will partially or even fully paralyze a modern city. This has been widely proved by recent earthquake disasters. Therefore, this paper firstly reviews the malfunction and damage of electric power systems under severe earthquakes home and abroad in recent years. Emphasis is put on the main failure characteristics of different power facilities under earthquake attack. Then, earthquake resistance design methods and the state-of-the-art of seismic research of electric power facilities are introduced. At last, taking TEPCO of Japan as an example, the measures of disaster prevention before earthquake, emergency responses during earthquake and rapid restoration of service after earthquake for electric power system are systematically presented. It is shown that State Grid of China should immediately take thorough earthquake resistant research on power equipment to enhance the safety and power supplement capacity of electric system in seismically active areas.
引文
[1]谢强,李杰.电力系统自然灾害的现状与对策[J].自然灾害学报,2006,15(4):126-131.
[2]胡超凡,陈刚,赵玉柱.2004年国家电网安全运行情况分析[J].中国电力,2005,38(5):9-10.
[3]谢强,张勇,李杰.华东电网500kV任上5237线飑线风致倒塔事故调查分析[J].电网技术,2006,30(10):59-63,89.
[4]日本電力安全委員会.送電線鉄塔倒壊事故調查報告書［Ｒ］．平成14年11月28日.電力安全小委員会送電線鉄塔倒壊事故調查グルプ.
[5]王如祥.“5.3”包头地震中的电网问题[J].电网技术,1997,21(4):52-53.
[6]ASCE-TCLEE.Lifeline performance from the September21,1999Jiji Earthquake in central Taiwan[R].American Societyof Civil En-gineering Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering,1999.
[7]松田泰治,大塚久哲,内田广明.集集大地震による超高压送電鉄塔の被害原因に関する考察.鋼構造年次論文報告集，2000年11月.
[8]尹荣华,李东亮,刘戈林,等.高压输电塔震害及抗震研究[J],世界地震工程,2005,21(1):51-54.
[9]李天.电力系统抗震可靠性分析研究[D].同济大学博士学位论文.2001年9月.
[10]Leval Lund,Anshel J,Schiff.Loma Prieta earthquake reconnais-sance report.Earthquake Spectra,Supplement,1990,Vol.6.
[11]Loring A,Wyllie,J John,et al.Armenia earthquake reconnaissance report.Earthquake Spectra,Supplement,1989.
[12]ASCE-TCLEE.Northridge Earthquake:Lifeline performance and post-earthquake response.American Society of Civil Engineering Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering,1997.
[13]日本建築学会等编.阪神淡路大震災調查報告共通編3:都市防災システム［Ｍ］．日本丸善株式会社，1998年9月.
[14]AIJ,JSCE and JGS.Report on the damage investigation of the Ko-caeli Earthquake in Turkey.2001,Maruse Corp.,Tokyo,Japan.
[15]PEERC.August17,1999,Kocaeli,TurkeyEarthquake field inves-tigation report,PEER Utilities Program.Report No.2000/17.
[16]吴惠中,周纪卿.KW4-500空气断路器地震响应分析[J].高压电器,1986,(6):4-12.
[17]董伟民,周书瑞.少油断路器及其减震体系的抗震研究[J].电力建设,1982(1):1-3.
[18]张其浩,杨亚弟,等.电气设备动力分析特点和抗震计算.第三届全国振动理论及应用学术会议论文集.1987,哈尔滨.
[19]杨亚弟,张其浩,等.多柱式电器设备抗震分析[J].地震学刊,1988年8月:21-27.
[20]GB50260-1996电力设施抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1997年2月.
[21]杨亚弟,李桂荣.电气设施抗震研究概述[J].世界地震工程,1996(2):20-22,54.
[22]Junho Song,Armen Der Kiureghian,Jerome L,et al.Seismic Re-sponse and Reliabilityof Electrical Substation Equipment and Sys-tems.PEER Report,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,2004.
[23]Junho Song,Armen Der Kiureghian,Jerome L,et al.Seismic inter-action in electrical substation equipment connected by non-linear rigid bus conductors.Earthquake engineering and structural dy-namics,2007,36:167-190
[24]Shakhzod M.Takhirov,Gregory L,et al.Seismic Qualification and Fragility Testing of Line Break550kV Disconnect Switches.PEER Report,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,2004.
[25]花村信.東京電力の防災対策.http://www.boj.or.jp/type/release/zuiji/kako03/data/set0411b4.pdf.
[2]胡超凡,陈刚,赵玉柱.2004年国家电网安全运行情况分析[J].中国电力,2005,38(5):9-10.
[3]谢强,张勇,李杰.华东电网500kV任上5237线飑线风致倒塔事故调查分析[J].电网技术,2006,30(10):59-63,89.
[4]日本電力安全委員会.送電線鉄塔倒壊事故調查報告書［Ｒ］．平成14年11月28日.電力安全小委員会送電線鉄塔倒壊事故調查グルプ.
[5]王如祥.“5.3”包头地震中的电网问题[J].电网技术,1997,21(4):52-53.
[6]ASCE-TCLEE.Lifeline performance from the September21,1999Jiji Earthquake in central Taiwan[R].American Societyof Civil En-gineering Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering,1999.
[7]松田泰治,大塚久哲,内田广明.集集大地震による超高压送電鉄塔の被害原因に関する考察.鋼構造年次論文報告集，2000年11月.
[8]尹荣华,李东亮,刘戈林,等.高压输电塔震害及抗震研究[J],世界地震工程,2005,21(1):51-54.
[9]李天.电力系统抗震可靠性分析研究[D].同济大学博士学位论文.2001年9月.
[10]Leval Lund,Anshel J,Schiff.Loma Prieta earthquake reconnais-sance report.Earthquake Spectra,Supplement,1990,Vol.6.
[11]Loring A,Wyllie,J John,et al.Armenia earthquake reconnaissance report.Earthquake Spectra,Supplement,1989.
[12]ASCE-TCLEE.Northridge Earthquake:Lifeline performance and post-earthquake response.American Society of Civil Engineering Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering,1997.
[13]日本建築学会等编.阪神淡路大震災調查報告共通編3:都市防災システム［Ｍ］．日本丸善株式会社，1998年9月.
[14]AIJ,JSCE and JGS.Report on the damage investigation of the Ko-caeli Earthquake in Turkey.2001,Maruse Corp.,Tokyo,Japan.
[15]PEERC.August17,1999,Kocaeli,TurkeyEarthquake field inves-tigation report,PEER Utilities Program.Report No.2000/17.
[16]吴惠中,周纪卿.KW4-500空气断路器地震响应分析[J].高压电器,1986,(6):4-12.
[17]董伟民,周书瑞.少油断路器及其减震体系的抗震研究[J].电力建设,1982(1):1-3.
[18]张其浩,杨亚弟,等.电气设备动力分析特点和抗震计算.第三届全国振动理论及应用学术会议论文集.1987,哈尔滨.
[19]杨亚弟,张其浩,等.多柱式电器设备抗震分析[J].地震学刊,1988年8月:21-27.
[20]GB50260-1996电力设施抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1997年2月.
[21]杨亚弟,李桂荣.电气设施抗震研究概述[J].世界地震工程,1996(2):20-22,54.
[22]Junho Song,Armen Der Kiureghian,Jerome L,et al.Seismic Re-sponse and Reliabilityof Electrical Substation Equipment and Sys-tems.PEER Report,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,2004.
[23]Junho Song,Armen Der Kiureghian,Jerome L,et al.Seismic inter-action in electrical substation equipment connected by non-linear rigid bus conductors.Earthquake engineering and structural dy-namics,2007,36:167-190
[24]Shakhzod M.Takhirov,Gregory L,et al.Seismic Qualification and Fragility Testing of Line Break550kV Disconnect Switches.PEER Report,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,2004.
[25]花村信.東京電力の防災対策.http://www.boj.or.jp/type/release/zuiji/kako03/data/set0411b4.pdf.
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