汶川地震后多层砌体结构震害调查及分析
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摘要
5月12日发生在汶川里氏8.0级特大地震造成大量房屋建筑严重损坏,特别是砌体结构房屋。为了掌握各种类型的砌体结构震害特点,研究砌体结构的抗震性能,为砌体结构设计规范的修订提供依据,地震发生后,课题组成员在现场进行了广泛深入的震害调查;整理和归纳了此次地震中多层砌体结构破坏的主要特点,分析了各种破坏现象发生的原因。分析表明,多层砌体结构教学楼的破坏主要源于窗间墙承载力不足;按现行规范设计、施工质量较高的多层砌体教学楼和住宅楼能获得良好的抗震性能;钢筋混凝土构造柱的设置不仅加强了砌体结构的整体性、提高了变形能力,还提高了砌体的抗剪和抗压能力;砌体的破坏形态表现出丰富的多样性,应克服当前认识上的一些盲点,考虑砌体真实的受力状态来进行抗震设计;抗震概念设计需给予足够的重视。
Many buildings suffered severe damage during the Ms8.0 "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake,especially the Masonry structure buildings.Field reconnaissance was carried out in the epicentral region following the Earthquake.The damage styles of multi-story masonry structure buildings were presented and the damage mechanism were qualitatively analyzed in this paper.According to the performance of multi-story masonry structure buildings,it was observed that collapses of multi-story masonry school buildings were mainly due to insufficient bearing capability of walls between windows.If the multi-story masonry structure buildings were designed seriously following the codes and had satisfactory quality construction,the buildings(school and resident) should have much better performance.The shear resistance and compression resistance of masonry walls with tie-columns were much higher than those of masonry walls without tie-columns.This indicates that RC tie-columns not only can improve the ductility of masonry structures,but also can increase the shear and compression resistance.Crack orientation in the masonry walls varied widely due to effects of earthquake.Buildings with satisfactory seismic concept design generally performed well.
Many buildings suffered severe damage during the Ms8.0 "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake,especially the Masonry structure buildings.Field reconnaissance was carried out in the epicentral region following the Earthquake.The damage styles of multi-story masonry structure buildings were presented and the damage mechanism were qualitatively analyzed in this paper.According to the performance of multi-story masonry structure buildings,it was observed that collapses of multi-story masonry school buildings were mainly due to insufficient bearing capability of walls between windows.If the multi-story masonry structure buildings were designed seriously following the codes and had satisfactory quality construction,the buildings(school and resident) should have much better performance.The shear resistance and compression resistance of masonry walls with tie-columns were much higher than those of masonry walls without tie-columns.This indicates that RC tie-columns not only can improve the ductility of masonry structures,but also can increase the shear and compression resistance.Crack orientation in the masonry walls varied widely due to effects of earthquake.Buildings with satisfactory seismic concept design generally performed well.
引文
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[2]GBJ3-86,砌体结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986.
[3]GBJ11-89,建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989.
[4]Li Bixiong,Wang Zhe,Khalid M M,et al.Wenchuanearthquake field reconnaissance on reinforced concreteframed buildings with and without masonry infill walls[C]//The 14thWorld Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Bei-jing,2008.S31-035.
[5]Li Bixiong,Zhe,Khalid M M,et al.Analysis of stairwellsperformance and damage during Wenchuan Earthquake[C]//Proceedings of the 14thWorld Conference on Earth-quake Engineering(14WCEE),Beijing,2008,S31-005.
[6]Li Bixiong,Lei Tao,Deng Jianghui,et al.Lessons leant fromperformance of school building in Wenchuan Earthquake re-gion[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering ScienceEdition,2009,41(3):172-179.[李碧雄,雷涛,邓建辉,等.汶川地震中学校建筑震害研究.四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):172-179.]
[7]Li Bixiong,Xie Heping,Deng Jianhui,et al.Analysis ofbuilding performance and damage during Wenchuan Earth-quake and suggestion for seismic design[J].Journal of Dis-aster prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2009,29(2):224-230.[李碧雄,谢和平,邓建辉,等.汶川地震中房屋建筑震害特征及抗震设计思考[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2009,29(2):224-230.]
[8]GB 50011-2001,建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008.
[9]沈聚敏,周锡元,高小旺,等.抗震工程学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[10]GB50003-2001,砌体结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[11]Feng Jianguo,Ba Rongguang,Fu Shulin.Experimentalstudy on shear strength of unreinforced masonry walls undercyclic actions[J].Journal of Xi’an Institute of Metallurgyand Construction Engineering.1985,41(1):35-53.[冯建国,巴荣光,傅光麟.无筋墙体抗震剪切强度[J].西安冶金建筑学院学报,1985,41(1):35-53.]
[12]Lu Weirong,Shi Chuxian,Liu Guiqiu.Static and seismicshear strength of masonry under shear-compression loading[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(4):158-164.[吕伟荣,施楚贤,刘桂秋.剪压复合作用下砌体的静力与抗震抗剪强度[J].工程力学,2008,25(4):158-164.]
[13]Doherty K,Griffith MC.Displacement-based seismic anal-ysis for out-of-plane bending of unreinforced masonry walls[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structure Dynamics,2002,31(4):833-850.
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