沉积物的地震及古地震效应
|
摘要
古地震是依据地层中保留的沉积物变形记录而确定的。系统归纳总结地震诱发沉积物变形将为古地震研究提供理论基础,也有助于野外调查辨认这些记录。作者提出了一个初步的、供讨论与补充修正的地震触发沉积物变形分类的方案。变形的成因机制是分类的基础。这些特殊沉积物变形主要与地震有关,但其中一些变形往往也受其他多种因素的影响,因此要确定地震成因变形必须详尽研究相关的区域地质背景构造。
Ancient earthquake are determined by various sediment deformation structures contained in the strata.The systematic induction and summarization of the sediment deformation produced by earthquakes will provide the theoretical basis for ancient seismite researches,and is helpful for recognizing those signs in the field.The classification of sediment deformation brought by earthquakes introduced here is a draft to be discussed,supplemented and revised.The genesis mechanism is the bedrock of classification.Though these special sediment deformation structures are mainly related with earthquakes,many other factors may also be included.Therefore,detailed researches of regional geological setting shall be performed for determining the deformation structures.
Ancient earthquake are determined by various sediment deformation structures contained in the strata.The systematic induction and summarization of the sediment deformation produced by earthquakes will provide the theoretical basis for ancient seismite researches,and is helpful for recognizing those signs in the field.The classification of sediment deformation brought by earthquakes introduced here is a draft to be discussed,supplemented and revised.The genesis mechanism is the bedrock of classification.Though these special sediment deformation structures are mainly related with earthquakes,many other factors may also be included.Therefore,detailed researches of regional geological setting shall be performed for determining the deformation structures.
引文
陈世悦,袁文方,鄢继华.2003.济阳坳陷早第三纪震积岩的发现及其意义[J].地质科学,38(3):377-386.
杜远生,韩欣.2000.论震积作用和震积岩[J].地球科学进展,15(4):389-394.
杜远生,张传恒,韩欣,等.2001.滇中中元古代昆阳群地震事件沉积及其地质意义[J].中国科学(D),31(4):283-289.
杜远生.2005.广西北海涠洲岛第四纪湖光岩组与火山活动有关的震积岩[J].沉积学报,23(2):203-209.
杜远生,Shi G,龚一鸣,等.2007.东澳大利亚南悉尼盆地二叠系与古地震有关的软沉积变形构造[J].地质学报,81(4):511-518.
段吉业,刘鹏举,万传彪.2002.华北燕山中—新元古代震积岩系及其地震节律[J].地质学报,76(4):441-445.
高林志,柳永清.2005.河南嵩山地区新元古界何家窑组微亮晶脉特征、成因及地质意义探讨[J].地质论评,51(4):373-381.
郭建华,王方平,刘贵,等.1999.湘西大庸上震旦统灯影组震裂角砾岩[J].石油实验地质,21(3):219-224.
郭力宇,甘枝茂,张国伟,等.2002.陕西洛南陶湾砾岩地质机理新认识[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),38(4):497-503.
黄宏伟,杜远生,黄志强,等.2007.广西丹池盆地晚古生代震积岩及其构造意义[J].地质论评,53(5):592-599.
贾志海,洪天求,郑文武,等.2003.皖北新元古代望山组震积岩的基本特征及形成环境分析[J].地层学杂志,27(2):146-149.
李海兵.2006.下寒武统大林子组中的软沉积物变形构造[M].见:乔秀夫,等.地层中地震记录(古地震).北京:地质出版社,161-181.
梁定益,聂泽同,万晓樵,等.1991.试论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西地区为例[J].现代地质,5(2):138-146.
梁定益,宋志敏,赵崇贺,等.2002.河北省白石山中元古代地震遗迹的发现[J].地质通报,21(10):625-630.
梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏,等.2009.北京房山世界地质公园中元古界雾迷山组地震—海啸序列及地质特征[J].地质通报,28(1):30-37.
和政军,宋天锐,丁孝忠,等.2000.燕山中元古代裂谷早期同沉积断裂活动及其对事件沉积的影响[J].古地理学报,2(3):83-91.
刘鹏举.2001.河北平泉中元古代高于庄组震积岩及地震节律[J].现代地质,15(3):266-268.
刘颖,谢君斐.1984.沙土振动液化[M].北京:地震出版社.
林朝宗.2004.台湾的地质现象.第三辑[M].台北:“经济部中央”地质调查所,1-157.
吕洪波,章雨旭,夏邦栋,等.2003.南盘江盆地中三叠统复理石中的同沉积挤压构造——一类新的沉积构造的归类、命名和构造意义探讨[J].地质论评,49(5):449-456.
吕洪波,章雨旭,肖国望,等.2006.内蒙古白云鄂博南东黑脑包腮林忽洞群下部发现地震滑塌岩块[J].地质论评,52(2):163-169.
潘国强,刘家润,孔庆友,等.2000.徐宿地区震旦纪地质事件及其成因讨论[J].高校地质学报,6(4):566-575.
彭阳,李岩,胡贵昂,等.2007.广西桂林庙头上泥盆统融县组中的灰岩脉和角砾灰岩体及成因[J].地质论评,53(6):736-742.
彭阳,陆刚,胡贵昂,等.2009.广西凌云下甲二叠纪沉积灰岩墙和角砾灰岩体的成因及地质意义[J].地质论评,55(1):43-48.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,李海兵,等.1996.辽东半岛南部震旦系—下寒武统成因地层—附大连市金石滩海岸国家级风景区旅游导游[M]北京:科学出版社,1-174.
乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳.2001.古郯庐带新元古界—灾变、层序、生物[M].北京:地质出版社,1-128.
乔秀夫,张安棣.2002.华北块体、胶辽朝块体与郯庐断裂[J].中国地质,29(4):337-345.
乔秀夫.2002.中朝板块元古宙板内地震带与盆地格局[J].地学前缘,9(3):141-150.
乔秀夫,彭阳,高林志.2002.桂西北二叠纪灰岩墙(脉)的地震成因解释[J].地质通报,21(2):102-104.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.2006.地层中地震记录(古地震)[M].北京:地质出版社,1-263.
乔秀夫,高林志.2007.燕辽裂陷槽中元古代古地震与古地理[J].古地理学报,4(9):337-352.
乔秀夫,李海兵,王思恩,等.2008.新疆境内塔拉斯—费尔干纳断裂早侏罗世走滑的古地震证据[J].地质学报,82(6):721-730.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2008.枕、球—枕构造:地层中古地震记录[J].地质论评,54(6):721-730.
邵晓岩,田景春,张锦泉,等.2009.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长4+5油层组中的古地震记录[J].古地理学报,11(2):177-186.
宋天锐.1988.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震—海啸序列[J].科学通报,38(8):609-611.
宋天锐.1998.沉积地层中的地震事件记录及其意义[C].见:北京大学国际地质科学研讨会论文集.北京:地震出版社,212-220.
宋天锐,和政军,丁孝忠,等.2000.北京十三陵中元古代串岭沟期地质事件的探索[J].地质论评,46(4):400-406.
宋天锐.1980.关于沉积岩地层中的古地震信息[M].见:张勤文,徐道一.天文地质学进展.北京:海洋出版社.
孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.1995.大陆边缘震积序列——以金沙江中段震积岩为例[J].现代地质,9(3):1-27.
田洪水,万中杰,王华林.2003.鲁中寒武系馒头组震积岩的发现及初步研究[J].地质论评,49(2):121-131.
田洪水,张增奇,杜圣贤.2006.山东临朐红丝石层中的古地震记录[J].中国地质,33(5):1137-1148.
王化爱,钟建华,陈鑫,等.2008.蒙古塔里木察格坳陷白垩系震积岩特征及其地质意义[J].地质学报,82(8):1088-1094.
王昌勇,郑荣才,高振中.2008.准噶尔盆地下侏罗统八道湾组震积岩的发现及其研究意义[J].地质论评,54(6):821-826.
魏垂高,张世奇,姜在兴,等.2006.东营凹陷现河地区沙三段震积岩特征及其意义[J].沉积学报,24(6):798-805.
魏垂高,张世奇,姜在兴,等.2007.塔里木盆地志留系震积岩特征及意义[J].地质学报,18(6):827-833.
吴贤涛,尹国勋.1992.四川峨眉晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中震积岩的发现及其意义[J].沉积学报,10(3):19-24.
夏青松,田景春,黄昌武.2007.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组震积岩识别标志研究[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),34(3):312-317.
严兆彬,郭福生,彭花明,等.2005.浙西寒武系大陈岭组地震事件沉积的初步研究[J].地质学报,79(6):730-739.
杨剑萍,王辉,陈世悦,等.2004.济阳坳陷古近系震积岩特征[J].沉积学报,22(2):281-287.
杨剑萍,王亚丽,查明,等.2006.山东惠民凹陷古近系湖泊地震涌浪记录的新发现[J].地质学报,80(11):1715-1720.
杨剑萍,聂岭玲,张琳璞,等.2008a.柴达木盆地西南缘乌南油田新近系古地震记录及储集性能研究[J].地质学报,82(6):805-812.
杨剑萍,聂玲玲,杨君.2008b.柴达木盆地西南缘新近系与地震沉积有关的软沉积物变形构造及其地质意义[J].沉积学报,26(6):967-974.
杨萍,杜远生,徐亚军.2006.黄骅坳陷古近纪地震事件沉积研究[J].地质学报,80(11):1709-1714.
尹秀兰,杨天南.2005.胶州—莱阳盆地白垩纪莱阳群中震积岩及构造意义讨论[J].地质论评,51(5):502-506.
袁静.2004.山东惠民凹陷古近纪震积岩特征及其地质意义[J].沉积学报,22(1):41-46.
袁静,陈鑫,田洪水.2006.济阳坳陷古近纪软沉积物变形层中的环状层理及成因[J].沉积学报,24(5):672-680.
张传恒,刘典波,张传林,等.2006.新疆博格达地区早二叠世软沉积物变形构造.弧后碰撞前陆盆地地震记录[J].地学前缘,13(4):255-266.
张传恒,武振杰,高林志,等.2007.雾迷山组中地震驱动的软沉积物变形构造及其地质意义[J].中国科学(D),27(3):336-342.
张宪依,王炳山,李云仲,等.2006.鲁西枣庄—临沂地区新元古界震积岩的主要特征[J].地质科学,41(3):489-493.
张琴,朱筱敏,张军,等.2003.酒西盆地青南凹陷柳沟庄—密窿山地区下白垩统震积岩的发现及意义[J].地质学报,22(2):158-162.
周志广,梁定益,刘文灿,等.2006.藏南晚白垩世宗卓组巨型混杂堆积的特征及其地裂—地震成因论证[J].地质论评,52(3):314-320.
Du Yuansheng,Xu Yajun,Yang Jiahghai.2009.Soft-sediment deforma-tion structure of the Eastern North Qilian Mts.and its tectonic signif-icance[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,82(6):1185-1193.
Fortuin A R,Dabrio C J.2008.Evidence for Late Messinian seismites,Nijar Basin,south-east Spain[J].Sedimentology,55:1595-1622.
Guiraud M,Plaziat J C.1993.Seismites in the fluviatile bima sand-stone:Identification of paleoseismis and discussion of their magni-tudes in a Cretaceous synsedimentary strike-slip basin(Upper Be-nue,Nigeria)[J].Tectonophysics,225(4):493-522.
Kuenen P.1958.Experiments in Geology[J].Trans.Geol.Soc.Glas-gow,23:1-28.
Moretti M,Pieri P,Tropeano M.2002.Late Pleistocene soft-sedimentdeformation structure interpreted as seismites in paralic deposits inthe city of Bari(Apulian forland southern Italy)[C].In:EttensohnF R,Rast N,Brett C E(eds).Ancient Seismites.Geological Socie-ty of America,Special paper,359:75-85.
Moretti M,Sabato L.2007.Recognition of trigger mechanisms for soft-sediment deformation in the Pleistocene lacustrine deposits of theSant Arcangelo Basin(Southern Italy):Seismic shocks vs.overloa-ding[J].Sedimentary Geology,196(Ⅲ-Ⅳ):31-46.
Montenat C,Barrier P,d′Estevou P O,et al.2007.Seismites:An at-tempt at critical analysis and classification[J].Sedimentary Geolo-gy,196:5-30.
Owen G.1996.Experiment soft-sediment deformation:Structure formedby the liquefaction of unconsolidated sands and some ancient exam-ple[J].Sedimentology,43:279-393.
Plaziat J C,Purser B H,Philobbos E.1990.Seismic deformation struc-tures(seismites)in the syn-rift sediments of the N W Red Sea(E-gypt)[J].Bull.Soc,Geol.France,(8)t.Vl,n°3:419-434.
Qiao Xiufu,Song Tianrui,Gao Linzhi,et al.1994.Seismic sequence incarbonate rocks by vibration liquefacfion[J].Acta Geologic Sinica(English Edition),7(3):243-265.
Qiao Xiufu,Gao Linzhi,Gao Mai.1999.Event stratigraphy,biostratigra-phy and sequence stratigraphy of Neopreterozoic in North China[J].Journal of China University of Geosciences(English Edition),10(2):93-101.
Qiao Xiufu,Gao Linzhi.2000.Earthquake events in Neoproterozoic andEarly Paleozoic and its relationship with supercontinental Rodinia inNorth China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin(English Edition),45(10):931-935.
Qiao Xiufu,Gao Linzhi,Peng Yang.2007.Mesoproterozuic earthquakeevents and breakup of the Sino-Korean Plate[J].Acta GeologicaSinica(English Edition),81(3):385-397.
Ralph N.2006.Soft-sediment deformation in a tectonically active area:The Plio-Pleistocene Zarzal Formation in the Cauca Valley(WseternColombia)[J].Sedimentary Geology,186:67-88.
Rodriguez-Pascua MA,Calvo J P,Vicente G D,et al.2000.Soft-sedi-ment deformation structure interpreted as seismites in lacustrine sedi-ments of the Prebetic Zone,SE Spain,and their potential use as in-dicators of earthquake magnitudes during the Late Miocene[J].Sedimentary Geology,135:117-135.
Roep TB,Everts A J.1992.Pillow-beds:A new type of seismites-Anexample from an Oligocene turbididite fan complex,Alicante,Spai[J].Sedimentology,39(5):711-724.
Rossetti D F,Goes A M.2000.Deciphering the sedimentological imprintof paleoseismic events:An example from the Aptian Codo Forma-tion,Northern Brazil[J].Sedimentary Geology,135:137-156.
Seilacher A.1969.Fault-graded beds interpreted as seismites[J].Sedi-mentology,13:155-159.
Song Shengrong,Lo Huannjih,Chen Wenshan.1994.Origin of clasticdikes in the costal range,eastern Taiwan with implications for sedi-mentary processes during the arc-continent collision[J].Journal ofthe Geological Society of China,37(3):407-427.
Takahama N,Otsuka T,Brahmantyo B.2000.A new phenomenon inancient liquefaction-the draw-in process,its final stage[J].Sedi-mentary Geology,135:157-165.
杜远生,韩欣.2000.论震积作用和震积岩[J].地球科学进展,15(4):389-394.
杜远生,张传恒,韩欣,等.2001.滇中中元古代昆阳群地震事件沉积及其地质意义[J].中国科学(D),31(4):283-289.
杜远生.2005.广西北海涠洲岛第四纪湖光岩组与火山活动有关的震积岩[J].沉积学报,23(2):203-209.
杜远生,Shi G,龚一鸣,等.2007.东澳大利亚南悉尼盆地二叠系与古地震有关的软沉积变形构造[J].地质学报,81(4):511-518.
段吉业,刘鹏举,万传彪.2002.华北燕山中—新元古代震积岩系及其地震节律[J].地质学报,76(4):441-445.
高林志,柳永清.2005.河南嵩山地区新元古界何家窑组微亮晶脉特征、成因及地质意义探讨[J].地质论评,51(4):373-381.
郭建华,王方平,刘贵,等.1999.湘西大庸上震旦统灯影组震裂角砾岩[J].石油实验地质,21(3):219-224.
郭力宇,甘枝茂,张国伟,等.2002.陕西洛南陶湾砾岩地质机理新认识[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),38(4):497-503.
黄宏伟,杜远生,黄志强,等.2007.广西丹池盆地晚古生代震积岩及其构造意义[J].地质论评,53(5):592-599.
贾志海,洪天求,郑文武,等.2003.皖北新元古代望山组震积岩的基本特征及形成环境分析[J].地层学杂志,27(2):146-149.
李海兵.2006.下寒武统大林子组中的软沉积物变形构造[M].见:乔秀夫,等.地层中地震记录(古地震).北京:地质出版社,161-181.
梁定益,聂泽同,万晓樵,等.1991.试论震积岩及震积不整合——以川西、滇西地区为例[J].现代地质,5(2):138-146.
梁定益,宋志敏,赵崇贺,等.2002.河北省白石山中元古代地震遗迹的发现[J].地质通报,21(10):625-630.
梁定益,聂泽同,宋志敏,等.2009.北京房山世界地质公园中元古界雾迷山组地震—海啸序列及地质特征[J].地质通报,28(1):30-37.
和政军,宋天锐,丁孝忠,等.2000.燕山中元古代裂谷早期同沉积断裂活动及其对事件沉积的影响[J].古地理学报,2(3):83-91.
刘鹏举.2001.河北平泉中元古代高于庄组震积岩及地震节律[J].现代地质,15(3):266-268.
刘颖,谢君斐.1984.沙土振动液化[M].北京:地震出版社.
林朝宗.2004.台湾的地质现象.第三辑[M].台北:“经济部中央”地质调查所,1-157.
吕洪波,章雨旭,夏邦栋,等.2003.南盘江盆地中三叠统复理石中的同沉积挤压构造——一类新的沉积构造的归类、命名和构造意义探讨[J].地质论评,49(5):449-456.
吕洪波,章雨旭,肖国望,等.2006.内蒙古白云鄂博南东黑脑包腮林忽洞群下部发现地震滑塌岩块[J].地质论评,52(2):163-169.
潘国强,刘家润,孔庆友,等.2000.徐宿地区震旦纪地质事件及其成因讨论[J].高校地质学报,6(4):566-575.
彭阳,李岩,胡贵昂,等.2007.广西桂林庙头上泥盆统融县组中的灰岩脉和角砾灰岩体及成因[J].地质论评,53(6):736-742.
彭阳,陆刚,胡贵昂,等.2009.广西凌云下甲二叠纪沉积灰岩墙和角砾灰岩体的成因及地质意义[J].地质论评,55(1):43-48.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,李海兵,等.1996.辽东半岛南部震旦系—下寒武统成因地层—附大连市金石滩海岸国家级风景区旅游导游[M]北京:科学出版社,1-174.
乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳.2001.古郯庐带新元古界—灾变、层序、生物[M].北京:地质出版社,1-128.
乔秀夫,张安棣.2002.华北块体、胶辽朝块体与郯庐断裂[J].中国地质,29(4):337-345.
乔秀夫.2002.中朝板块元古宙板内地震带与盆地格局[J].地学前缘,9(3):141-150.
乔秀夫,彭阳,高林志.2002.桂西北二叠纪灰岩墙(脉)的地震成因解释[J].地质通报,21(2):102-104.
乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.2006.地层中地震记录(古地震)[M].北京:地质出版社,1-263.
乔秀夫,高林志.2007.燕辽裂陷槽中元古代古地震与古地理[J].古地理学报,4(9):337-352.
乔秀夫,李海兵,王思恩,等.2008.新疆境内塔拉斯—费尔干纳断裂早侏罗世走滑的古地震证据[J].地质学报,82(6):721-730.
乔秀夫,李海兵.2008.枕、球—枕构造:地层中古地震记录[J].地质论评,54(6):721-730.
邵晓岩,田景春,张锦泉,等.2009.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长4+5油层组中的古地震记录[J].古地理学报,11(2):177-186.
宋天锐.1988.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震—海啸序列[J].科学通报,38(8):609-611.
宋天锐.1998.沉积地层中的地震事件记录及其意义[C].见:北京大学国际地质科学研讨会论文集.北京:地震出版社,212-220.
宋天锐,和政军,丁孝忠,等.2000.北京十三陵中元古代串岭沟期地质事件的探索[J].地质论评,46(4):400-406.
宋天锐.1980.关于沉积岩地层中的古地震信息[M].见:张勤文,徐道一.天文地质学进展.北京:海洋出版社.
孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.1995.大陆边缘震积序列——以金沙江中段震积岩为例[J].现代地质,9(3):1-27.
田洪水,万中杰,王华林.2003.鲁中寒武系馒头组震积岩的发现及初步研究[J].地质论评,49(2):121-131.
田洪水,张增奇,杜圣贤.2006.山东临朐红丝石层中的古地震记录[J].中国地质,33(5):1137-1148.
王化爱,钟建华,陈鑫,等.2008.蒙古塔里木察格坳陷白垩系震积岩特征及其地质意义[J].地质学报,82(8):1088-1094.
王昌勇,郑荣才,高振中.2008.准噶尔盆地下侏罗统八道湾组震积岩的发现及其研究意义[J].地质论评,54(6):821-826.
魏垂高,张世奇,姜在兴,等.2006.东营凹陷现河地区沙三段震积岩特征及其意义[J].沉积学报,24(6):798-805.
魏垂高,张世奇,姜在兴,等.2007.塔里木盆地志留系震积岩特征及意义[J].地质学报,18(6):827-833.
吴贤涛,尹国勋.1992.四川峨眉晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中震积岩的发现及其意义[J].沉积学报,10(3):19-24.
夏青松,田景春,黄昌武.2007.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组震积岩识别标志研究[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),34(3):312-317.
严兆彬,郭福生,彭花明,等.2005.浙西寒武系大陈岭组地震事件沉积的初步研究[J].地质学报,79(6):730-739.
杨剑萍,王辉,陈世悦,等.2004.济阳坳陷古近系震积岩特征[J].沉积学报,22(2):281-287.
杨剑萍,王亚丽,查明,等.2006.山东惠民凹陷古近系湖泊地震涌浪记录的新发现[J].地质学报,80(11):1715-1720.
杨剑萍,聂岭玲,张琳璞,等.2008a.柴达木盆地西南缘乌南油田新近系古地震记录及储集性能研究[J].地质学报,82(6):805-812.
杨剑萍,聂玲玲,杨君.2008b.柴达木盆地西南缘新近系与地震沉积有关的软沉积物变形构造及其地质意义[J].沉积学报,26(6):967-974.
杨萍,杜远生,徐亚军.2006.黄骅坳陷古近纪地震事件沉积研究[J].地质学报,80(11):1709-1714.
尹秀兰,杨天南.2005.胶州—莱阳盆地白垩纪莱阳群中震积岩及构造意义讨论[J].地质论评,51(5):502-506.
袁静.2004.山东惠民凹陷古近纪震积岩特征及其地质意义[J].沉积学报,22(1):41-46.
袁静,陈鑫,田洪水.2006.济阳坳陷古近纪软沉积物变形层中的环状层理及成因[J].沉积学报,24(5):672-680.
张传恒,刘典波,张传林,等.2006.新疆博格达地区早二叠世软沉积物变形构造.弧后碰撞前陆盆地地震记录[J].地学前缘,13(4):255-266.
张传恒,武振杰,高林志,等.2007.雾迷山组中地震驱动的软沉积物变形构造及其地质意义[J].中国科学(D),27(3):336-342.
张宪依,王炳山,李云仲,等.2006.鲁西枣庄—临沂地区新元古界震积岩的主要特征[J].地质科学,41(3):489-493.
张琴,朱筱敏,张军,等.2003.酒西盆地青南凹陷柳沟庄—密窿山地区下白垩统震积岩的发现及意义[J].地质学报,22(2):158-162.
周志广,梁定益,刘文灿,等.2006.藏南晚白垩世宗卓组巨型混杂堆积的特征及其地裂—地震成因论证[J].地质论评,52(3):314-320.
Du Yuansheng,Xu Yajun,Yang Jiahghai.2009.Soft-sediment deforma-tion structure of the Eastern North Qilian Mts.and its tectonic signif-icance[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,82(6):1185-1193.
Fortuin A R,Dabrio C J.2008.Evidence for Late Messinian seismites,Nijar Basin,south-east Spain[J].Sedimentology,55:1595-1622.
Guiraud M,Plaziat J C.1993.Seismites in the fluviatile bima sand-stone:Identification of paleoseismis and discussion of their magni-tudes in a Cretaceous synsedimentary strike-slip basin(Upper Be-nue,Nigeria)[J].Tectonophysics,225(4):493-522.
Kuenen P.1958.Experiments in Geology[J].Trans.Geol.Soc.Glas-gow,23:1-28.
Moretti M,Pieri P,Tropeano M.2002.Late Pleistocene soft-sedimentdeformation structure interpreted as seismites in paralic deposits inthe city of Bari(Apulian forland southern Italy)[C].In:EttensohnF R,Rast N,Brett C E(eds).Ancient Seismites.Geological Socie-ty of America,Special paper,359:75-85.
Moretti M,Sabato L.2007.Recognition of trigger mechanisms for soft-sediment deformation in the Pleistocene lacustrine deposits of theSant Arcangelo Basin(Southern Italy):Seismic shocks vs.overloa-ding[J].Sedimentary Geology,196(Ⅲ-Ⅳ):31-46.
Montenat C,Barrier P,d′Estevou P O,et al.2007.Seismites:An at-tempt at critical analysis and classification[J].Sedimentary Geolo-gy,196:5-30.
Owen G.1996.Experiment soft-sediment deformation:Structure formedby the liquefaction of unconsolidated sands and some ancient exam-ple[J].Sedimentology,43:279-393.
Plaziat J C,Purser B H,Philobbos E.1990.Seismic deformation struc-tures(seismites)in the syn-rift sediments of the N W Red Sea(E-gypt)[J].Bull.Soc,Geol.France,(8)t.Vl,n°3:419-434.
Qiao Xiufu,Song Tianrui,Gao Linzhi,et al.1994.Seismic sequence incarbonate rocks by vibration liquefacfion[J].Acta Geologic Sinica(English Edition),7(3):243-265.
Qiao Xiufu,Gao Linzhi,Gao Mai.1999.Event stratigraphy,biostratigra-phy and sequence stratigraphy of Neopreterozoic in North China[J].Journal of China University of Geosciences(English Edition),10(2):93-101.
Qiao Xiufu,Gao Linzhi.2000.Earthquake events in Neoproterozoic andEarly Paleozoic and its relationship with supercontinental Rodinia inNorth China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin(English Edition),45(10):931-935.
Qiao Xiufu,Gao Linzhi,Peng Yang.2007.Mesoproterozuic earthquakeevents and breakup of the Sino-Korean Plate[J].Acta GeologicaSinica(English Edition),81(3):385-397.
Ralph N.2006.Soft-sediment deformation in a tectonically active area:The Plio-Pleistocene Zarzal Formation in the Cauca Valley(WseternColombia)[J].Sedimentary Geology,186:67-88.
Rodriguez-Pascua MA,Calvo J P,Vicente G D,et al.2000.Soft-sedi-ment deformation structure interpreted as seismites in lacustrine sedi-ments of the Prebetic Zone,SE Spain,and their potential use as in-dicators of earthquake magnitudes during the Late Miocene[J].Sedimentary Geology,135:117-135.
Roep TB,Everts A J.1992.Pillow-beds:A new type of seismites-Anexample from an Oligocene turbididite fan complex,Alicante,Spai[J].Sedimentology,39(5):711-724.
Rossetti D F,Goes A M.2000.Deciphering the sedimentological imprintof paleoseismic events:An example from the Aptian Codo Forma-tion,Northern Brazil[J].Sedimentary Geology,135:137-156.
Seilacher A.1969.Fault-graded beds interpreted as seismites[J].Sedi-mentology,13:155-159.
Song Shengrong,Lo Huannjih,Chen Wenshan.1994.Origin of clasticdikes in the costal range,eastern Taiwan with implications for sedi-mentary processes during the arc-continent collision[J].Journal ofthe Geological Society of China,37(3):407-427.
Takahama N,Otsuka T,Brahmantyo B.2000.A new phenomenon inancient liquefaction-the draw-in process,its final stage[J].Sedi-mentary Geology,135:157-165.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心