北京平原西北部地壳浅部结构和隐伏活动断裂——由地震反射剖面揭示
摘要
已有地质和地球物理研究结果表明,北京平原区存在有多条第四纪隐伏活动断裂和隐伏盆地.为了研究该区的地壳浅部结构、断裂的空间展布、断裂活动性以及深浅构造关系,2006年,在北京平原的西北部地区完成了1条60次覆盖的中深层地震反射剖面和跨断裂的浅层地震反射剖面.结果表明,沿剖面结晶基底埋深约为3～6 km;在结晶基底以上,地震反射剖面揭示了一套连续性较好的强反射震相,应是新生代、中生代和古生代的沉积岩系;在结晶基底之下,为一系列横向连续性较差、能量较弱的短小反射事件,可能代表了变质程度较高的结晶变质岩系或不成层的其他岩体.中深层和浅层地震剖面揭示的断裂具有上下一致的对应关系和明显的第四纪活动,对本区地堑-地垒状盆岭构造和新生代地层厚度具有重要的控制作用.本项研究不仅可进一步提高对北京地区新构造活动的认识,而且研究中所采用的方法技术对其他地区的深浅构造探测研究也有借鉴意义.
The results obtained from geological and geophysical studies suggested that there are multiple buried active faults and Quaternary buried basin in Beijing plain.In order to investigate crustal shallow structures,geometry of buried faults,fault activity and the relationship of deep- shallow tectonics in Beijing area,an mid-deep seismic reflection profile with 60-fold and multiple shallow reflection profiles crossing the buried faults was completed in northwestern region of Beijing plain in 2006.The results show that the depth of crystalline basement is about 3～6 km along the profile.The seismic reflection section shows a set of strong reflected phases with good lateral continuity above the crystalline basement,which should be the sedimentary rock systems of Cenozoic,Mesozoic,Paleozoic era.Beneath the crystalline basement,there is a series of weak reflected events with poor continuity possibly representing the crystallized rock system with comparatively strong metamorphism or other non-layered rock systems.The faults revealed by mid-deep and shallow seismic reflection profile present consistent upper-lower relationship and have been significantly active since Quaternary,which play an important role in controlling the rift valley-horst like basin and ridge tectonics as well as the thicknesses of Cenozoic stratum in this region.The study results not only may further improve the understanding of the neotectonics activity in Beijing area,but also the used exploration method and technology could be used as references for surveying deep-shallow structures in other areas.
The results obtained from geological and geophysical studies suggested that there are multiple buried active faults and Quaternary buried basin in Beijing plain.In order to investigate crustal shallow structures,geometry of buried faults,fault activity and the relationship of deep- shallow tectonics in Beijing area,an mid-deep seismic reflection profile with 60-fold and multiple shallow reflection profiles crossing the buried faults was completed in northwestern region of Beijing plain in 2006.The results show that the depth of crystalline basement is about 3～6 km along the profile.The seismic reflection section shows a set of strong reflected phases with good lateral continuity above the crystalline basement,which should be the sedimentary rock systems of Cenozoic,Mesozoic,Paleozoic era.Beneath the crystalline basement,there is a series of weak reflected events with poor continuity possibly representing the crystallized rock system with comparatively strong metamorphism or other non-layered rock systems.The faults revealed by mid-deep and shallow seismic reflection profile present consistent upper-lower relationship and have been significantly active since Quaternary,which play an important role in controlling the rift valley-horst like basin and ridge tectonics as well as the thicknesses of Cenozoic stratum in this region.The study results not only may further improve the understanding of the neotectonics activity in Beijing area,but also the used exploration method and technology could be used as references for surveying deep-shallow structures in other areas.
引文
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2) 中国地震局地质研究所.黄庄-高丽营断裂、顺义-良乡断裂钻孔联合剖面探测与断裂活动性评价工作报告.2007
3) 中国地震局地壳应力研究所.通县-南苑断裂钻孔联合剖面探测与断裂活动性评价工作报告.2007
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[1] 高文学,马瑾.首都圈地震地质环境与地震灾害.北京:地震出版社,1993． 3～51Gao W X,Ma J.Seismo-geological Background and Earthquake Hazard in Beijing Area (in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1993． 3～51
[2] 谢毓寿,蔡美彪(主编).中国地震历史资料汇编(3) .北京:科学出版社,1983． 279～323Xie Y S,Cai M B(Chief editor).Collection of Historical Earthquake Data of China(3) (in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1983． 279～323
[3] 刘福田,曲克信,吴华等.华北地区的地震层析成像.地球物理学报,1986,29(5) :442～449Liu F T,Qu K X,Wu H,et al.Seismic tomography of north China region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1986,29 (5) :442～449
[4] Shedlock K,Roecker S.Elastic wave velocity structure under the crust and upper mantle beneath North China.J Geophys Res,1987,92:9327～9350
[5] 朱露培,曾融生,刘福田.京津唐张地区地壳上地幔三维P波速度结构.地球物理学报,1990,33(3) :267～277Zhu L P,Zeng R S,Liu F T.There dimensional P wave velocity structure under the Beijing network area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1990,33(3) :267～277
[6] 孙若昧,刘福田.京津唐地区地壳结构与强震的发生-I.P波速度结构.地球物理学报,1995,38(5) :599～607Sun R M,Liu F T.Crust structure and strong earthquake in Beijing,Tianjing,Tangshan area:I.P wave velocity structure.Chinese J.Geoph ys.(in Chinese),1995,38(5) :599～607
[7] 于湘伟,陈运泰,王培德.京津唐地区三维P波速度结构.地震学报,2003,25(1) :1～14Yu X W,Chen Y T,Wang P D.There-dimensional P wave velocity structure in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area.Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese),2003,25(1) :1～14
[8] Huang J L,Zhao D P.Crustal heterogeneity and seismotectonics of the region around Beijing China.Tectonophysics,2004,385:159～180
[9] 黄金莉,赵大鹏.首都圈地区地壳三维P波速度细结构与强震孕育的深部构造环境.科学通报,2005,50(4) :348～355Huang J L,Zhao D P.Three dimensional P wave velocity tomography and deep structure related to strong earthquake in Capital area.Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese),2005,50(4) :348～355
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[12] 王椿镛,王贵美,林中洋等.用深地震反射方法研究邢台地震 区地壳细结构.地球物理学报,1993,36(4) :445～451Wang C Y,Wang G M,Lin Z Y,et al.A study on crustal fine structure in Xingtai earthquake area based on deep seismic reflection profiling.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1993,36(4) :445～451
[13] 段永红,张先康,方盛明.华北地区上部地壳结构的三维有限差分层析成像.地球物理学报,2002,45(2) :362～369Duan Y H,Zhang X K,Fang S M.Three dimensional finite difference tomography of velocity structure of the upper crustal in north China.Chinese J.Geophys (in Chinese),2002,45(2) :362～369
[14] 赵金仁,张先康,张成科等.利用宽角反射/折射和深反射探测剖面揭示三河-平谷大震区深部结构特征.地球物理学报,2004,47(4) :646～653Zhao J R,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,et al.Deep structural features of the Sanhe-Pinggu great earthquake area imaged by wide-angle and deep seismic reflection profiling.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(4) :646～653
[15] 王夫运,张先康,陈棋福等.北京地区上地壳三维细结构层析成像.地球物理学报,2005,48(2) :359～366Wang F Y,Zhang X K,Chen Q F,et al.Fine tomographic inversion of the upper crust 3-D structure around Beijing.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(2) :359～366
[16] 嘉世旭,张先康.华北不同构造块体地壳结构及其对比研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(3) :611～620Jia S X,Zhang X K.Crustal structure and comparison of different tectonic blocks in north China.Chinese J.Geophys (in Chinese),2005,48(3) :611～620
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[18] 王帅军,张先康,张成科等.武清北京-赤城二维地壳结构和构造.地球物理学报,2007,50(6) :1769～1777Wang S J,Zhang X K,Zhang C K,et al.2-D crustal structures along Wuqing-Beijing-Chicheng deep seismic sounding profile.Chinese J.Geophys (in Chinese),2007,50 (6) :1769～1777
[19] 嘉世旭,张成科,赵金仁等.华北东北部裂陷盆地与燕山隆起地壳结构.地球物理学报,2009,52(1) :99～110Jia S X,Zhang C K,Zhao J R,et al.Crustal structure of the rift-depression basin and Yanshan uplift in the northeast part of north China.Chinese J.Geophys (in Chinese),2009,52 (1) :99～110
[20] 刘保金,胡平,孟勇奇等.北京地区地壳精细结构的深地震反射剖面探测研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(9) ,待发表Liu B J,Hu P,Meng Y Q,et al.Research on fine crustal structure using deep seismic reflection profile in Beijing region.Chinese J.Geophys (in Chinese),2009,52 (9) ,in Press
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