汶川大地震紫坪铺混凝土面板堆石坝震害现象与变形监测分析
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摘要
2008年5月12日四川汶川发生8.0级大地震,震中烈度XI度,造成地面建筑物严重破坏。紫坪铺面板堆石坝坝高156m,距汶川地震震中17km,是地震灾区距地震震中最近、工程规模最大的一个高坝水库工程。紫坪铺大坝受地震影响,产生了一定的变形破坏,引起学术界和工程界广泛关注。依据大坝地震后宏观变形现象和变形监测资料,对大坝堆筑体和混凝土面板的变形破坏现象进行详尽的描述和分析;在此基础上综合分析认为,大坝变形特征以沉降为主,水平位移相对较小,大坝整体处于收缩压密状态,最大沉降发生在大坝顶部,量值为900～1000mm,沉降与坝高之比约为0.6%,大坝坝体和下游坝坡没有产生显著破坏,大坝结构功能受地震影响较小。
Earthquake occurred on May 12,2008 in Wenchuan,Sichuan Province,with magnitude of 8.0 and epicenter intensity of XI,causing serious damage to the structures on ground. The dam height of Zipingpu concrete faced rockfill dam(CFRD) is 156 m and it is 17 km from Wenchuan earthquake epicenter,which is the largest high dam reservoir project and the nearest from earthquake epicenter in the earthquake area. Deformations and damages occurred due to the earthquake,attracting attentions from both academic and engineering fields. Detailed description and analysis are presented for damage due to deformations of dam embankment and concrete slabs based on macroscopic deformation phenomena after earthquake and deformation monitoring data. The comprehensive analysis results indicate that dam deformations are mainly settlement,and horizontal displacement is relatively small. Dam body is in the conditions of contraction and compaction. The maximum settlement occurs at dam crest,valuing 900–1 000 mm;and the ratio of the settlement to dam height is around 0.6%. No evident damages occurs in dam body and downstream slope;and structural function of dam is not seriously affected by the earthquake.
Earthquake occurred on May 12,2008 in Wenchuan,Sichuan Province,with magnitude of 8.0 and epicenter intensity of XI,causing serious damage to the structures on ground. The dam height of Zipingpu concrete faced rockfill dam(CFRD) is 156 m and it is 17 km from Wenchuan earthquake epicenter,which is the largest high dam reservoir project and the nearest from earthquake epicenter in the earthquake area. Deformations and damages occurred due to the earthquake,attracting attentions from both academic and engineering fields. Detailed description and analysis are presented for damage due to deformations of dam embankment and concrete slabs based on macroscopic deformation phenomena after earthquake and deformation monitoring data. The comprehensive analysis results indicate that dam deformations are mainly settlement,and horizontal displacement is relatively small. Dam body is in the conditions of contraction and compaction. The maximum settlement occurs at dam crest,valuing 900–1 000 mm;and the ratio of the settlement to dam height is around 0.6%. No evident damages occurs in dam body and downstream slope;and structural function of dam is not seriously affected by the earthquake.
引文
[1]四川省水利水电勘测设计研究院.岷江紫坪铺水库枢纽工程初步设计报告[R].成都:四川省水利水电勘测设计研究院,2000.[Sichuan Investigation Design and Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower.Preliminary design report for Zipingpu water resources project on Minjiang River in Sichuan Province[R].Chengdu:Sichuan Investigation Design and Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower,2000.[in Chinese]]
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[8]郭诚谦.世界首次近距离检验高面板堆石坝的抗震安全性——兼论面板坝的抗震性能[J].人民长江,2008,39[14]:1–3.[GUO Chengqian.The first earthquake-resistance capacity test of high CFRD in short distance under5.12Wenchuan earthquake—concurrently on CFRD earthquake-resistance capacity[J].Yangze River,2008,39[14]:1–3.[in Chinese]]
[9]ANNA S,DENG N W,LI M,et al.Discussion on monitoring and deformation aspects of concrete faced rockfill dam[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30[11]:1651–1656.
[10]中国水电工程顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院.四川省岷江紫坪铺水利枢纽混凝土面板堆石坝工程监测简报——5.12汶川8.0级地震[R].成都:中国水电工程顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院,2008.[Chengdu Hydroelectric Investigation and Design Institute,China Hydropower Engineering Consulting Group Corporation.Briefing for monitoring of CFRD dam at Zipingpu water resources project on Minjing River—Earthquake occurred on May12,2008in Wenchuan[R].Chengdu:Chengdu Hydroelectric Investigation and Design Institute,China Hydropower Engineering Consulting Group Corporation,2008.[in Chinese]]
[2]高希章,杨志宏.紫坪铺水利枢纽工程混凝土面板堆石坝设计[J].水利水电技术,2002,33[11]:14–17.[GAO Xizhang,YANG Zhihong.Design of concrete faced rockfill dam at Zipingpu hydraulic project[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Technology,2002,33[11]:14–17.[in Chinese]]
[3]中国水电工程顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院.四川岷江紫坪铺水利枢纽工程初步设计报告—第三篇:工程地质[R].成都:中国水电工程顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院,1994.[Chengdu Hydroelectric Investigation and Design Institute,China Hydropower Engineering Consulting Group Corporation.Preliminary design report for Zipingpu hydraulic project on Minjing River in Sichuan Province:part3—engineering geology[R].Chengdu:Chengdu Hydroelectric Investigation and Design Institute,China Hydropower Engineering Consulting Group Corporation,1994.[in Chinese]]
[4]中国地震局地震预测研究所.四川省岷江紫坪铺水利枢纽工程场地地震安全性评价复核报告[R].北京:中国地震局地震预测研究所,2008.[Institute of Earthquake Science China Earthquake Ministration.Check report on seismic safety evaluation at site of Zipingpu hydraulic project on Minjiang River in Sichuan Province.Beijing:Institute of Earthquake Science China Earthquake Ministration,2008.[in Chinese]]
[5]四川省水利水电勘测设计研究院.紫坪铺水库灾后初步调查分析报告[R].成都:四川省水利水电勘测设计研究院,2008.[Sichuan Investigation Design and Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Preliminary Investigation.Report of Zipingpu Reservoir after May12Wenchuan earthquake[R].Chengdu:Sichuan Investigation Design and Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Preliminary Investigation,2008.[in Chinese]]
[6]关志诚,宋彦刚,蔡德文.紫坪铺高面板坝5.12震害调查与安全状态评价[J].水利水电技术,2008,39[9]:36–43.[GUAN Zhicheng,SONG Yangang,CAI Dewen.Investigation and safety evaluation of Zipingpu high dam after May12earthquake hazard[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Technology,2008,39[9]:36–43.[in Chinese]]
[7]陈生水,霍家平,章为民.5.12汶川地震对紫坪铺混凝土面板坝的影响及原因分析[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30[6]:795–801.[CHEN Shengshui,HUO Jiaping,ZHANG Weimin.Analysis of effects of5.12Wenchuan earthquake on Zipingpu concrete face rockfill dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30[6]:795–801.[in Chinese]]
[8]郭诚谦.世界首次近距离检验高面板堆石坝的抗震安全性——兼论面板坝的抗震性能[J].人民长江,2008,39[14]:1–3.[GUO Chengqian.The first earthquake-resistance capacity test of high CFRD in short distance under5.12Wenchuan earthquake—concurrently on CFRD earthquake-resistance capacity[J].Yangze River,2008,39[14]:1–3.[in Chinese]]
[9]ANNA S,DENG N W,LI M,et al.Discussion on monitoring and deformation aspects of concrete faced rockfill dam[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30[11]:1651–1656.
[10]中国水电工程顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院.四川省岷江紫坪铺水利枢纽混凝土面板堆石坝工程监测简报——5.12汶川8.0级地震[R].成都:中国水电工程顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院,2008.[Chengdu Hydroelectric Investigation and Design Institute,China Hydropower Engineering Consulting Group Corporation.Briefing for monitoring of CFRD dam at Zipingpu water resources project on Minjing River—Earthquake occurred on May12,2008in Wenchuan[R].Chengdu:Chengdu Hydroelectric Investigation and Design Institute,China Hydropower Engineering Consulting Group Corporation,2008.[in Chinese]]
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