地震动力作用触发的斜坡崩滑效应模拟
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摘要
依据震后实地调查中竖向地震力作用十分明显的现象,突破传统斜坡动力反应分析中仅考虑水平地震力作用的局限,运用离散元数值模拟技术,对北川王家岩斜坡体在具地域性和空间非均质性的地震纵横波时差耦合作用下产生崩滑破坏的动力全过程进行了模拟,确定了地震动力作用下该斜坡体崩滑破坏的形成机制及主控因素.研究表明:该斜坡体的初期崩滑破坏是受到纵波产生的水平和竖向拉裂耦合作用所致,且以水平拉裂作用占优,而后期的抛射及碎屑流动则是受到纵横波耦合作用所致;即纵波的个体作用是触发斜坡体产生初期崩滑破坏的主控因素,而斜坡体所处地形则是促使破坏后的斜坡体形成后续碰撞解体及碎屑流动的主控因素.
A simulation was carried out on initial collapsing-sliding and a subsequent running out process of Wangjiayan Landslide in Beichuan County during the Wenchuan Earthquake triggered by single and combined action with time difference,regionality and spatial heterogeneity of primary and secondary seismic waves based on discrete element method by taking into the consideration the fact that vertical ground motion was still evident in post-earthquake field geological investigation,and formation mechanism and key controlling factors of slope collapsing and sliding under seismic load were determined,which was different with the traditional dynamic response analysis based on a consideration of horizontal seismic load.The result shows that initial collapsing and sliding of the slope are triggered by combined action of vertical and horizontal tension,which plays a dominant role,of primary seismic wave,whereas a subsequent collision and debris flow of slope mass fractured are triggered by combined action of primary and secondary seismic wave.On the other hand,single action of primary seismic wave is the key controlling factor inducing the slope initial collapsing and sliding,and the topography near the slope is the key controlling factor leading to collision and debris flow of the slope mass fractured in later process.
A simulation was carried out on initial collapsing-sliding and a subsequent running out process of Wangjiayan Landslide in Beichuan County during the Wenchuan Earthquake triggered by single and combined action with time difference,regionality and spatial heterogeneity of primary and secondary seismic waves based on discrete element method by taking into the consideration the fact that vertical ground motion was still evident in post-earthquake field geological investigation,and formation mechanism and key controlling factors of slope collapsing and sliding under seismic load were determined,which was different with the traditional dynamic response analysis based on a consideration of horizontal seismic load.The result shows that initial collapsing and sliding of the slope are triggered by combined action of vertical and horizontal tension,which plays a dominant role,of primary seismic wave,whereas a subsequent collision and debris flow of slope mass fractured are triggered by combined action of primary and secondary seismic wave.On the other hand,single action of primary seismic wave is the key controlling factor inducing the slope initial collapsing and sliding,and the topography near the slope is the key controlling factor leading to collision and debris flow of the slope mass fractured in later process.
引文
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[16]许强,黄润秋.“5.12”汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力特征初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721.XU Qiang,HUANG Runqiu.Kinetics characteristics of largelandslides triggered by“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):721.
[2]祁生文,伍法权,严福章,等.岩质边坡动力反应分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.QI Shengwen,WU Faquan,YAN Fuzhang,et al.Rock slopedynamic response analysis[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007.
[3]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433.YIN Yueping.Research on the geo-hazards triggered byWenchuan Earthquake,Sichuan[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2008,16(4):433.
[4]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.HU Yuxian.Earthquake engineering[M].Beijing,Seismological Publishing House,1988.
[5]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋.地震边坡破坏机制及其破裂面的分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1714.ZHENG Yingren,YE Hailin,HUANG Runqiu.Analysis anddiscussion of failure mechanism and fracture surface of slopeunder earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock andEngineering,2009,28(8):1714.
[6]殷跃平.汶川地震地质与滑坡灾害概论[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.YIN Yueping.Introduction of seismic geology and landslidehazard triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2009.
[7]周维垣.高等岩石力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990.ZHOU Weiyuan.Higher rock mechanics[M].Beijing:WaterResources and Electric Power Publishing House,1990.
[8]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.ZHANG Zhuoyuan,WANG Shitian,WANG Lansheng.Analytical theory of engineering geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1993.
[9]胡光韬.滑坡动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.HU Guangtao.Dynamic landslide[M].Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,1995.
[10]毛彦龙,胡广韬,毛新虎,等.地震滑坡启程剧动的机理研究及离散元模拟[J].工程地质报,2001,9(1):74.MAO Yanlong,HU Guangtao,MAO Xinhu.et al.Mechanism of set-out violent-slide of slope mass duringearthquake and its simulation by using discrete elementmethod[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2001,9(1):74.
[11]祁生文,伍法权,刘春玲,等.地震边坡稳定性的工程地质分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2792.QI Shenwen,WU Faquan,LIU Chunling.et al.Engineeringgeology analysis on stability of slope under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2792.
[12]崔芳鹏.地震P-S波时差耦合作用的斜坡崩滑效应研究[D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2009.CUI Fangpeng.Study on collapsing and sliding response ofslope triggered by single and combined action with timedifference of P and S seismic waves[D].Beijing:ChineseAcademy of Science,Institute of Geology andGeophysics,2009.
[13]崔芳鹏,胡瑞林,殷跃平,等.纵横波时差耦合作用的斜坡崩滑效应离散元分析——以北川唐家山滑坡为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):319.CUI Fangpeng,HU Ruilin,YIN Yueping,et al.Discreteelement analysis of collapsing and sliding response of slopetriggered by time difference coupling effects of P and S seismicwaves—taking Tangjiashan landslide in Beichuan county forexample[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2010,29(2):319.
[14]崔芳鹏,殷跃平,许强,等.地震纵横波时差耦合作用的斜坡崩滑响应研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(8):1266.CUI Fangpeng,YIN Yueping,XU Qiang,et al.Collapsing andsliding response of slopes triggered by single and combinedaction with time difference of P and S seismic waves[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(8):1266.
[15]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):29.YIN Yueping.Fearures of landslides triggered by theWenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(1):29.
[16]许强,黄润秋.“5.12”汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力特征初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721.XU Qiang,HUANG Runqiu.Kinetics characteristics of largelandslides triggered by“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):721.
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