爆破地震波在结构面的传播特性与结构面倾角判断
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摘要
地震波斜入射结构面时,会产生2种不同类型的透射波,引起波场极性变化。采用弹簧模型描述非充填型结构面,运用弹簧模型讨论爆破地震波在结构面的传播特性。研究结果表明,爆破地震波在结构面处的波形转换系数以及P,SV波峰值比和偏振角的变化规律均能有效反映结构面刚度和入射角变化。结合现场试验方案,提出计算P,SV波峰值比和偏振角的方法,建立偏振角与入射角和结构面透射系数的关系;由现场试验数据得到空间各测点的P,SV波峰值比和偏振角的变化规律,进而确定结构面倾角。现场试验结果表明,根据各测点的P,SV波峰值比和偏振角变化规律可以准确确定结构面倾角。
Seismic waves are converted into two different types of transmission waves such as P wave and SV wave when seismic wave oblique incident goes through the rock mass interface.At the same time,wave field polarity is altered by rock mass interface.The non-filling interface is simplified as a spring model.Propagation characteristics of blasting seismic wave are analyzed by the spring model.The results show that interface stiffness and the variation of incidence angle can be effectively reflected by waveform transformation of seismic wave in interface and variation of the ratio of peak amplitude values between P wave and SV wave and variation of polarization angle.The ratio of peak values between P wave and SV wave and polarization angle can be calculated by analyzing the field test results.The relationship between polarization angle and incidence angle and transmission coefficient of interface is studied.Interface obliquity can be calculated by analyzing the ratio of peak amplitude values between P wave and SV wave and variation of polarization angle of different survey points that are obtained by field experiment.The field experiment and theoretical results indicate that interface obliquity can be determined by the ratio of peak values between P wave and SV wave and variation of polarization angle at different survey points.
Seismic waves are converted into two different types of transmission waves such as P wave and SV wave when seismic wave oblique incident goes through the rock mass interface.At the same time,wave field polarity is altered by rock mass interface.The non-filling interface is simplified as a spring model.Propagation characteristics of blasting seismic wave are analyzed by the spring model.The results show that interface stiffness and the variation of incidence angle can be effectively reflected by waveform transformation of seismic wave in interface and variation of the ratio of peak amplitude values between P wave and SV wave and variation of polarization angle.The ratio of peak values between P wave and SV wave and polarization angle can be calculated by analyzing the field test results.The relationship between polarization angle and incidence angle and transmission coefficient of interface is studied.Interface obliquity can be calculated by analyzing the ratio of peak amplitude values between P wave and SV wave and variation of polarization angle of different survey points that are obtained by field experiment.The field experiment and theoretical results indicate that interface obliquity can be determined by the ratio of peak values between P wave and SV wave and variation of polarization angle at different survey points.
引文
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[2]STEWART R R,GAISER J E,BROWN R J,et al.Converted-wave seismic exploration:applications[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):40-57.
[3]钱辉,彭苏萍,勾精为,等.倾斜层转换波速度比分析和叠加——潘一煤层PS波处理的实际应用[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):565-573.(QIAN Hui,PENG Suping,GOU Jingwei,et al.Analysis of velocity ratio and stacking technique for converted wave of dipping layers:practical application to PS wave data processing of Panyi coal layers[J].Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(2):565-573.(in Chinese))
[4]薛松涛,谢丽宇,陈镕,等.平面P-SV波入射时TI层状自由场地的响应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(7):1163-1168.(XUE Songtao,XIE Liyu,CHEN Rong,et al.Dynamic analysis of response of transversely isotropic stratified media TI to incident P-SV waves[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(7):1163-1168.(in Chinese))
[5]赵爱华,张中杰.三维复杂介质中转换波走时快速计算[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):702-707.(ZHAO Aihua,ZHANG Zhongjie.Fast calculation of converted wave travel time in3D complex media[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(4):702-707.(in Chinese))
[6]谢飞,常旭,刘伊克.火山地震屏蔽层的转换波叠前时间偏移成像[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1899-1908.(XIE Fei,CHANG Xu,LIU Yike.Converted-wave pre-stack time migration in volcanic area[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(6):1899-1908.(in Chinese))
[7]叶根喜,姜福兴,郭延华,等.煤矿深部采场爆破地震波传播规律的微震原位试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):1053-1058.(YE Genxi,JIANG Fuxing,GUO Yanhua,et al.Experimental research on seismic wave attenuation by field microseismic monitoring in a deep coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(5):1053-1058.(in Chinese))
[8]许年春,吴德伦,赵明阶,等.节理产状的应力波反射法反演研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增2):3585-3591.(XU Nianchun,WU Delun,ZHAO Mingjie,et al.Research on inversion of joint′s attitude using reflected stress wave[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Supp.2):3585-3591.(in Chinese))
[9]CRAMPIN S.Calculable fluid-rock interactions[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1999,156(5):501-514.
[10]刘堃，张中杰，胡家富，等.中国陆区S波分裂的频带相关性及其意义[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(2):155-161.(LIU Kun,ZHANG Zhongjie,HU Jiafu,el al.Study on frequency band correlation of S-wave splitting on mainland in China[J].Science in China(Series D),2001,31(2):155-161.(in Chinese))
[11]陈天长,范军,曾健.四川地区S波偏振[J].四川地震,1996,(4):85-90.(CHEN Tianchang,FAN Jun,ZENG Jian.S-wave polarization in regions of Sichuan Province[J].Earthquake Research in Sichuan,1996,(4):85-90.(in Chinese))
[12]姚陈,雷军,熊杨武.弱裂隙各向异性对地震体波的效应[J].中国地震,1997,13(3):232-240.(YAO Chen,LEI Jun,XIONG Yangwu.The effects of weak crack-induced anisotropy on seismic body waves[J].Earthquake Research in China,1997,13(3):232-240.(in Chinese))
[13]YAO C,XIONG Y W.Shear-wave splitting from local earthquake modeled by synthetic seismograms[J].Canadian Journal of Ophthal-mology,1993,29(2):324-331.
[14]CARCIONE J M.Reflection and transmission of qP-qS plane waves at a plane boundary between viscoelastic transversely isotropic media[J].Geophysical Journal International,1997,129(3):669-680.
[15]PYRAK-NOLTE L J.Seismic response of fractures and the interrelations among fractures[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1996,33(8):787-802.
[16]CAI J G,ZHAO J.Effects of multiple parallel fractures on apparent attenuation of stress waves in rock masses[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2000,37(4):661-682.
[17]李宁,陈蕴生.岩体节理刚度系数的现场声波测试[J].应用力学学报,1998,15(3):119-123.(LI Ning,CHEN Yunsheng.Field sonic test on rock mass joint stiffness coefficient[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,1998,15(3):119-123.(in Chinese))
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