考虑断裂破碎带的丹江口水库诱发地震成因数值模拟分析
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摘要
根据丹江口库区的地质构造特征,考虑库区已有的断裂破碎带和岩石力学参数随深度的变化,运用ABAQUS软件建立丹江口库区三维有限元模型,模拟计算其构造应力场和水压应力场,分析两场的共同作用,在此基础上探讨丹江口水库提高水位后的诱发地震成因。结果表明:一期蓄水引起的水压应力场和位移场是诱发库岸外围一系列微震的主要因素;二期蓄水引起水压应力和位移的增加,会在库岸外围—厚坡、九重、彭桥、仓房、田川等地再次诱发一系列微震,在宋湾—关防滩—旧淅川、上寺—黑桃园、林茂山—丹江口—青山港和紫山凹—旧均县等地新诱发一系列小震,震源深度在5~11km范围内;蓄水后的构造应力场和蓄水前的基本相同,由水体静压力引起的应力变化很小,水体荷载产生的应力直接诱发较大震级的地震是不可能的。
According to the geological structure characteristics of the Danjiangkou reservoir,a 3-D finite element model is established using the software ABAQUS,with the main fracture zones within the reservoir area and the variations of the mechanical properties of the rock with depth taken into consideration.Tectonic stress field and hydraulic-pressure stress filed are simulated,and the coupling between these two stress fields is also analyzed to investigate the causes of reservoir induced earthquakes after raising the water level.Calculation results show that the hydraulic-pressure stress field and displacement field resulted from the phase-Ⅰ impoundment is the main cause of a series of microseisms around the periphery of the reservoir.The increases of the hydraulic pressure and displacement induced by the phase-Ⅱ impoundment can activate a series of microseisms again at Houpo,Jiuzhong,Pengqiao,Cangfang and Tianchuan around the periphery of the reservoir,as well as a series of minor earthquakes in Songwan-Guanfangtan-Jiuxichuan,Shangsi-Heitaoyuan,Linmaoshan-Danjiangkou-Qingshangang and Zishan'ao-Jiujunxian,with the hypocenter depths ranging from 5 to 11km.The tectonic stress field remains almost the same after the impoundments,and hydrostatic pressure induces little variation in the stress field.Thus,high intensity earthquakes are not likely to be activated by the stress generated by the static water load.
According to the geological structure characteristics of the Danjiangkou reservoir,a 3-D finite element model is established using the software ABAQUS,with the main fracture zones within the reservoir area and the variations of the mechanical properties of the rock with depth taken into consideration.Tectonic stress field and hydraulic-pressure stress filed are simulated,and the coupling between these two stress fields is also analyzed to investigate the causes of reservoir induced earthquakes after raising the water level.Calculation results show that the hydraulic-pressure stress field and displacement field resulted from the phase-Ⅰ impoundment is the main cause of a series of microseisms around the periphery of the reservoir.The increases of the hydraulic pressure and displacement induced by the phase-Ⅱ impoundment can activate a series of microseisms again at Houpo,Jiuzhong,Pengqiao,Cangfang and Tianchuan around the periphery of the reservoir,as well as a series of minor earthquakes in Songwan-Guanfangtan-Jiuxichuan,Shangsi-Heitaoyuan,Linmaoshan-Danjiangkou-Qingshangang and Zishan'ao-Jiujunxian,with the hypocenter depths ranging from 5 to 11km.The tectonic stress field remains almost the same after the impoundments,and hydrostatic pressure induces little variation in the stress field.Thus,high intensity earthquakes are not likely to be activated by the stress generated by the static water load.
引文
[1]谢向东.基于流固耦合理论的丹江口水库诱发地震机理研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2010(Xie Xiangdong.Study on mechanism of reservoir-induced seismicity basedon theory of fluid-solid coupling in the DanjiangkouReservoir area[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2010(inChinese))
[2]易立新,车用太,王广才.水库诱发地震研究的历史、现状和发展趋势[J].华南地震,2003,23(1):28-37(Yi Lixin,Che Yongtai,Wang Guangcai.Retrospectionand prospect of the research on reservoir induced seismicity[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2003,23(1):28-37(in Chinese))
[3]容建东,耿爱玲.丹江口水库地震观测30年[J].地壳形变与地震,1997,17(4):83-88(Rong Jiandong,GengAiling.Earthquake observation 30 years of Danjiangkoureservoir[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,1997,17(4):83-88(in Chinese))
[4]李坪,刘行松.均陨断裂带和丹江断裂带的研究并论丹江口地区几个地震地质问题[C]//丹江口水库诱发地震文集.北京:地震出版社,1980:22-24(Li Ping,Liu Xingsong.Research of Junyun fracture zone andDanjing fracture zone and discussion of seismic andgeologic questions in the area of Danjiangkou reservoir[C]//Anthology of Danjingkou Reservoir InducedEarthquake.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1980:22-24(inChinese))
[5]高锡铭.汉江丹江口水库的地震活动[C]//丹江口水库诱发地震文集.北京:地震出版社,1980:80-89(Gao Ximing.Seismic activity of Hanjiang andDanjiangkou reservoir[C]//Anthology of DanjiangkouReservoir Induced Earthquake.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1980:80-89(in Chinese))
[6]严尊国,薛军蓉,耿爱玲.丹江口水库及邻区地震震源参数的研究[J].华南地震,1994,14(3):24-32(YanZunguo,Xue Junrong,Geng Ailing.Parameters research ofearthquake focus in the area and neighbor area ofDanjiangkou reservoir[J].South China Journal ofSeismology,1994,14(3):24-32(in Chinese))
[7]黄乃安,张绍波.丹江口水库诱发地震趋势研究[J].华南地震,1991,11(4):67-74(Huang Nai an,ZhangShaobo.Trend research of Danjingkou reservoir inducedearthquake[J].South China Journal of Seismology,1991,11(4):67-74(in Chinese))
[8]Chen Linyue,Talwani P.Reservoir-induced seismicity inChina[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1998,153(1):133-149
[9]Matcharashvili T,Chelidze T,Peinke J.Increase of orderin seismic processes around large reservoir induced bywater level periodic variation[J].Nonlinear Dynamics,2008,51(3):399-407
[10]Abas K,Nematollah H.Reservoir-induced seismicity inKarunⅢdam(Southwestern Iran)[J].Journal ofSeismology,2008,12(4):519-527
[11]刘素梅,徐礼华.丹江口库区水压应力场的有限元模拟[J].水利学报,2005,36(7):863-869(Liu Sumei,Xu Lihua.Finite-element simulation of hydraulic-pressurestress field in Danjiangkou reservoir area[J].Journal ofHydraulic Engineering,2005,36(7):863-869(inChinese))
[2]易立新,车用太,王广才.水库诱发地震研究的历史、现状和发展趋势[J].华南地震,2003,23(1):28-37(Yi Lixin,Che Yongtai,Wang Guangcai.Retrospectionand prospect of the research on reservoir induced seismicity[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2003,23(1):28-37(in Chinese))
[3]容建东,耿爱玲.丹江口水库地震观测30年[J].地壳形变与地震,1997,17(4):83-88(Rong Jiandong,GengAiling.Earthquake observation 30 years of Danjiangkoureservoir[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,1997,17(4):83-88(in Chinese))
[4]李坪,刘行松.均陨断裂带和丹江断裂带的研究并论丹江口地区几个地震地质问题[C]//丹江口水库诱发地震文集.北京:地震出版社,1980:22-24(Li Ping,Liu Xingsong.Research of Junyun fracture zone andDanjing fracture zone and discussion of seismic andgeologic questions in the area of Danjiangkou reservoir[C]//Anthology of Danjingkou Reservoir InducedEarthquake.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1980:22-24(inChinese))
[5]高锡铭.汉江丹江口水库的地震活动[C]//丹江口水库诱发地震文集.北京:地震出版社,1980:80-89(Gao Ximing.Seismic activity of Hanjiang andDanjiangkou reservoir[C]//Anthology of DanjiangkouReservoir Induced Earthquake.Beijing:Earthquake Press,1980:80-89(in Chinese))
[6]严尊国,薛军蓉,耿爱玲.丹江口水库及邻区地震震源参数的研究[J].华南地震,1994,14(3):24-32(YanZunguo,Xue Junrong,Geng Ailing.Parameters research ofearthquake focus in the area and neighbor area ofDanjiangkou reservoir[J].South China Journal ofSeismology,1994,14(3):24-32(in Chinese))
[7]黄乃安,张绍波.丹江口水库诱发地震趋势研究[J].华南地震,1991,11(4):67-74(Huang Nai an,ZhangShaobo.Trend research of Danjingkou reservoir inducedearthquake[J].South China Journal of Seismology,1991,11(4):67-74(in Chinese))
[8]Chen Linyue,Talwani P.Reservoir-induced seismicity inChina[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1998,153(1):133-149
[9]Matcharashvili T,Chelidze T,Peinke J.Increase of orderin seismic processes around large reservoir induced bywater level periodic variation[J].Nonlinear Dynamics,2008,51(3):399-407
[10]Abas K,Nematollah H.Reservoir-induced seismicity inKarunⅢdam(Southwestern Iran)[J].Journal ofSeismology,2008,12(4):519-527
[11]刘素梅,徐礼华.丹江口库区水压应力场的有限元模拟[J].水利学报,2005,36(7):863-869(Liu Sumei,Xu Lihua.Finite-element simulation of hydraulic-pressurestress field in Danjiangkou reservoir area[J].Journal ofHydraulic Engineering,2005,36(7):863-869(inChinese))
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