汶川地震极重灾区土地损毁研究
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摘要
汶川地震造成灾区土地损毁,土地损毁研究可间接揭示地震破坏模式。结合灾区多源信息,应用遥感(RS)技术获取灾区地震前后的土地利用类型及分布格局,应用地理信息系统(GIS)技术检测土地损毁类型及其空间特征。研究表明损毁土地沿地震带大致呈现椭圆分布形态,且与断层分布呈正相关关系;坡度5°~35°的地貌过渡带内集中损毁土地的71.23%;海拔1 000~2 000 m的损毁土地约占总损毁土地面积的31.89%,损毁土地类型多样;海拔2 000~3 000 m的损毁土地约占总数的34.59%,损毁土地类型单一。结果表明损毁土地空间格局与地震地表破坏机制吻合,损毁土地信息可作为地震之后生态环境评价、恢复和重建的重要线索。
The land in disaster area was damaged by Wenchuan earthquake.Study on the damaged land can indirectly reveal the earthquake destroy model.Based on multi-source information of disaster area,the land use types and distribution pattern before and after the earthquake based on remote sensing technology can be acquisited.The damaged land and its spatial characteristics were detected based on geographic information system technology.Study shows that the damaged land distributed along the oval seismic belt,and it has positive relationship with the distribution of faults.Landform transition zone with slope of 5°～35° covered 71.23% of the damaged land.Elevation of 1 000～2 000 m areas distributed 31.89% of the total damaged land.Types of damaged land were various.While elevation of 2 000～3 000 m areas distributed 34.59% of the total damaged land,and types of damaged land were single.Results show that the spatial structure of damaged land coincieded with the surface failure mechanism by earthquake.Information of damaged land can be used as the important clues for ecological environmental evaluation,recovery and reconstrucion after the earthquake.
The land in disaster area was damaged by Wenchuan earthquake.Study on the damaged land can indirectly reveal the earthquake destroy model.Based on multi-source information of disaster area,the land use types and distribution pattern before and after the earthquake based on remote sensing technology can be acquisited.The damaged land and its spatial characteristics were detected based on geographic information system technology.Study shows that the damaged land distributed along the oval seismic belt,and it has positive relationship with the distribution of faults.Landform transition zone with slope of 5°～35° covered 71.23% of the damaged land.Elevation of 1 000～2 000 m areas distributed 31.89% of the total damaged land.Types of damaged land were various.While elevation of 2 000～3 000 m areas distributed 34.59% of the total damaged land,and types of damaged land were single.Results show that the spatial structure of damaged land coincieded with the surface failure mechanism by earthquake.Information of damaged land can be used as the important clues for ecological environmental evaluation,recovery and reconstrucion after the earthquake.
引文
[1]王晓青,魏成阶,苗崇刚.震害遥感快速提取研究:以2003年2月24日新疆巴楚一伽师6.8级地震为例[J].地学前缘,2003,10(8):285-291.
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[2]Matsuoka M,Yamazaki F.Identification of damaged ar-eas due to the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquake usingsatellite optical images[C].Proceedings of the 19th Asi-an Conference of Remote Sensing,1998.
[3]Rathje E M,Woo K,Crawford M,et al.Earthquakedamage identification using Multi-Resolution Opticalsatellite imagery[C].International Geoscience and Re-mote Sensing Symposium,IEEE,2005,7:5045-5048.
[4]杨喆,程家喻.澜沧-耿马地震灾情的航空遥感调查[J].国土资源遥感,1993,5(1):17-22,42.
[5]张景发,谢礼立,陶夏新.建筑物震害遥感图像的变化检测与震害评估[J].自然灾害学报,2002,11(2):59-64.
[6]柳家航.利用遥感技术进行城市建筑震害的自动识别与分类方法研究[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2003.
[7]阎守.遥感影像群判读理论与方法[M].北京:海洋出版社,2007.
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