汶川地震灾区河道修复重建研究综述
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摘要
特大地震诱发了大量滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、堰塞湖和不稳定斜坡等次生地质灾害,水土流失非常严重,造成震区江河严重破坏。地震灾区河道修复是灾后恢复重建主要任务之一。四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室经过对震区的现场考察、结合灾区河道修复工程开展了相关的水沙动力学物理模型、数学模型与历史模型相结合的复合模型研究,取得了阶段性成果。作者结合国内外有关河道修复问题的研究进展,综述了河流修复在汶川地震灾后重建的重要性、河道修复的一般原则与地震灾后河道修复特殊原则、地震灾区河道修复的稳定性问题、地震灾后河流修复研究方法与案例。通过总结两年来抢险救灾与灾后重建的河流修复科学研究与工程实践,提出了灾后河道修复继续完善的建议。
After the Wenchuan earthquake occurred in 2008,rivers in the earthquake district have been damaged seriously by Landslides,debris flows and barrier lakes.Intensive researches have been conducted during the disaster relief,recovery and reconstruction.Based on the selective literature review of mechanism and technology studies of stream corridor restoration,the general principles and special principles in stream corridor restoration techniques to secondary disasters of earthquakes,the stability of rivers in the earthquake district,and the methodology and practice examples were summarized.It was suggested that further studies are especially required,including strengthen inter-disciplines studies in areas of hydraulic engineering,geo-science,and ecologic and environmental science to explore theory and key techniques of river corridor restoration after the Wenchuan earthquake.
After the Wenchuan earthquake occurred in 2008,rivers in the earthquake district have been damaged seriously by Landslides,debris flows and barrier lakes.Intensive researches have been conducted during the disaster relief,recovery and reconstruction.Based on the selective literature review of mechanism and technology studies of stream corridor restoration,the general principles and special principles in stream corridor restoration techniques to secondary disasters of earthquakes,the stability of rivers in the earthquake district,and the methodology and practice examples were summarized.It was suggested that further studies are especially required,including strengthen inter-disciplines studies in areas of hydraulic engineering,geo-science,and ecologic and environmental science to explore theory and key techniques of river corridor restoration after the Wenchuan earthquake.
引文
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[21]张海燕.河流演变工程学[M].方铎,曹叔尤,等译.北京:科学出版社,1989.
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[31]谭徐明.都江堰史[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
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[2]董哲仁.生态水利工程原理与技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.
[3]Cao Shuyou,Liu Xingnian,Huang Er,et al.Advances in studies of river sediment and fluvial processes of the Upper-Yangtze River in Earthquake Background[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(3):26-34.[曹叔尤,刘兴年,黄尔,等.地震背景下的川江流域泥沙与河床演变问题研究进展[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):26-34.]
[4]Liang Jun.Fluvial process influenced by earthquake lakes and restoration of mountain rivers[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(6):13-17.[梁军.地震堰塞湖对山区河流的影响与综合治理[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(6):13-17.]
[5]四川省水土保持局.四川省“5.12”汶川特大地震水土保持设施震损调查评估报告[R].2008.
[6]中华人民共和国国务院.汶川地震灾后恢复重建条例[S].中华人民共和国国务院令第526号,2008.
[7]中华人民共和国国务院.汶川地震灾后恢复重建总体规划[S].国发[2008]31号,2008.
[8]冷刚.谋势而动,加快发展推进四川民生水利再上新台阶[R].2010.
[9]董哲仁.生态水工学探索[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.
[10]Dong Zheren,Sun Dongya,Peng Jing.Theories and practices of river eco-restoration[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2009,40(1):4-15.[董哲仁,孙东亚,彭静.河流生态修复理论技术及其应用[J].水利水电技术,2009,40(1):4-15.]
[11]Dong Zheren.Framework of research on fluvial ecosystem[J].Shuili Xuebao,2009,40(2):129-137.[董哲仁.河流生态系统研究的理论框架[J].水利学报,2009,40(2):129-137.]
[12]Dong Zheren.Discussion on principles of river ecological restoration planning[J].China Water Resources,2006,13:11-21[董哲仁.试论河流生态修复规划的原则[J].中国水利,2006,13:11-21.]
[13]Wang Zhaoyin,Shi Wenjing,Yu Guoan,et al.New challenges of river management induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Hydro-science and Engineering,2009(4):23-32.[王兆印,施文婧,余国安,等.汶川地震引发的流域管理新课题[J].水利水运工程学报,2009(4):23-32.]
[14]Wang Zhaoyin,Tian Shimin,Yi Yujun,et al.On direction of river restoration[J].Water Resources of China,2008,13:1-3.[王兆印,田世民,易雨君.论河流治理的方向[J].中国水利,2008,13:1-3]
[15]王兆印.汶川地震次生山地灾害与河床演变的关系[R].地震次生山地灾害及其减灾技术专题研讨会,成都,2008.
[16]Malakoff D.The River Doctor[J].Science,2004,305:937-939.
[17]Bernhardt E S,Palmer M A,Allan D J,et al.Synthesizing U.S.River Restoration Efforts[J].Science,2005,308(29):636-637.
[18]Cao Shuyou,Liu Xingnian,Huang Er,et al.River dynamics and hydraulics on development and protection in mountain rivers[R].Inriver,Tianjin,2008.[曹叔尤,刘兴年,黄尔,等.江河治理与开发国际学术研讨会[R].天津,2008.]
[19]Cao Shuyou,Liu Xingnian,Huang Er,et al.Mechanism and assessment factors for flash floods induced by earthquakes[J].Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities Natural Science Edition,2008,34(6):1077-1082.[曹叔尤,刘兴年,黄尔,等.地震诱发山洪形成机理与评估指标初探[J].西南民族大学学报:自然科学版,2008,34(6):1077-1082.]
[20]Cao Shuyou,Liu Xingnian,Huang Er,et al.Modeling on flash flood disaster induced by bed load[J].Transactions of Tianjin University,2008,14(4):296-299.
[21]张海燕.河流演变工程学[M].方铎,曹叔尤,等译.北京:科学出版社,1989.
[22]钱宁,张仁,周志德.河床演变学[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[23]杨克君.复式河槽水流阻力及泥沙输移特性研究[D].成都:四川大学,2006.
[24]Yang Kejun,Cao Shuyou,Knight Donald W.Flow pat-terns in compound channels with vegetated floodplains[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,133(2):148-159.
[25]高永胜.河流健康生命评价与修复技术研究[D].北京:中国水科院,2006.
[26]Cao Shuyou,LEE K T,HO J,et al.Analysis of runoff in ungauged mountain watersheds in Sichuan,China using Kine-maticwave-based GIUH model[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2010(2):157-166.]
[27]彭清娥,郭志学.汶川寿溪湖防洪减灾水利及附属配套工程河工模型试验研究报告[R].四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,2009.
[28]Zhou Kuiyi.Historical model and method of natural disas-ter[J].Journal of Natural Disaster,2002,11(1):10-14.[周魁一.“历史模型”与灾害研究[J].自然灾害学报,2002,11(1):10-14.]
[29]刘兴年,曹叔尤,黄尔,等.紫坪铺水库对都江堰的影响及保护[R]//松田吉郎.古代水利设施的历史价值与保护利用.日本兵库教育大学,2009:212-218.
[30]Cao Shuyou,Xingnian Liu,Huang Er.Dujiangyan irrigation system—a world cultural heritage corresponding to concepts of modern hydraulic science[J].Journal of Hydro-environment Research,2010,4(1):3-13.
[31]谭徐明.都江堰史[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[32]Wang Xingkui,Qu Zhaosong,Zhang Shanghong,et al.Discussion on the flood control of Dujiangyan project[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2005,24(4):31-35.[王兴奎,曲兆松,张尚弘,等.都江堰防洪方略探讨[J].水力发电学报,2005,24(4):31-35.]
[33]黄润秋,许强.中国典型灾难性滑坡[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:57-93.
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