圈梁-构造柱约束砖砌体房屋的抗地震倒塌性能分析
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摘要
2008年5.12汶川大地震的经验显示,在遭受远超过抗震设防烈度的强烈地震下,砖砌体房屋结构既要具备一定的抗地震倒塌能力,又应在最后倒塌无法避免时能够在倒塌的时间顺序和空间上体现出合理性,即实现所谓的合理倒塌模式,才能最大限度地保障人民生命财产安全。通过引入等效受压斜撑宏观模型,分析并建立了圈梁-构造柱与砖墙体之间的传力路径以及相互作用,探讨约束砖墙体在平面内地震作用下的两种倒塌机制及其计算方法,提出反映圈梁-构造柱对砖墙约束能力的约束因子和反映砖墙抗地震倒塌能力的抗倒塌指标概念,最后建议了提高圈梁-构造柱约束砖砌体房屋抗地震倒塌能力和实现合理倒塌模式的若干基本措施。
Lessons learned from the Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12,2008 indicate that in addition to possessing sufficient collapse prevention capacity,the brick masonry structures should be able to collapse in such a reasonable pattern that the collapses of different structural components can follow expected sequence and the structural components enclosing particular spaces of the structure can be restrained from collapse for the maximum protection of human lives and properties when the collapse is unavoidable under the attack of a mega earthquake that largely exceeds the local seismic fortification intensity specified the code.The equivalent diagonal strut model is introduced to establish the load transfer path and the interaction between tie columns and brick walls.There seismic collapse patterns as well as the corresponding calculation methods are discussed.A confinement coefficient and a collapse prevention index are defined to reflect the confining capacity of the tie columns and tie beams and the collapse prevention capacity of brick walls.Finally,several fundamental measures for the improvement of seismic collapse prevention capacity of the brick masonry buildings confined by tie columns and tie beams are suggested.
Lessons learned from the Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12,2008 indicate that in addition to possessing sufficient collapse prevention capacity,the brick masonry structures should be able to collapse in such a reasonable pattern that the collapses of different structural components can follow expected sequence and the structural components enclosing particular spaces of the structure can be restrained from collapse for the maximum protection of human lives and properties when the collapse is unavoidable under the attack of a mega earthquake that largely exceeds the local seismic fortification intensity specified the code.The equivalent diagonal strut model is introduced to establish the load transfer path and the interaction between tie columns and brick walls.There seismic collapse patterns as well as the corresponding calculation methods are discussed.A confinement coefficient and a collapse prevention index are defined to reflect the confining capacity of the tie columns and tie beams and the collapse prevention capacity of brick walls.Finally,several fundamental measures for the improvement of seismic collapse prevention capacity of the brick masonry buildings confined by tie columns and tie beams are suggested.
引文
[1]GB50223—2008建筑工程抗震设防分类标准[S].
[2]GB50011—2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].
[3]刘锡荟,张鸿熙,刘经纬,等.用钢筋混凝土构造柱加强砖房抗震性能的研究[J].同济大学学报,1985(9):45-55.
[4]朱伯龙,蒋志贤,吴明舜.外加钢筋混凝土柱提高砖混房屋抗震能力的研究[J].同济大学学报,1983(1):31-43.
[5]李英民,郑妮娜,夏洪流,等.芯柱式构造柱约束墙体抗震变形能力试验研究[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2010(8):1-6.
[6]施楚贤.砖砌体和钢筋混凝土构造柱组合墙的承载力计算[J].建筑结构,2003(7):67-69.
[7]Federal Emergency Management Agency.Evaluation of EarthquakeDamaged Concrete And Masonry Wall Buildings:Basic ProceduresManual[S].FEMA-306,Applied Technology Council,Washington D.C.,1998.
[8]GB50003—2001砌体结构设计规范[S].
[9]施楚贤.砌体结构理论与设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[10]Mainstone R J.Supplementary Note on the Stiffness and Strengths of Infilled Frames[M].Current Paper CP 13/74,BuildingResearch Station,Garston,Watford,U.K.,1974.
[11]Smith B S.Behavior of Square Infilled Frames[J].Journal of Structural Division,ASCE,1966,92(1):381-404.
[2]GB50011—2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].
[3]刘锡荟,张鸿熙,刘经纬,等.用钢筋混凝土构造柱加强砖房抗震性能的研究[J].同济大学学报,1985(9):45-55.
[4]朱伯龙,蒋志贤,吴明舜.外加钢筋混凝土柱提高砖混房屋抗震能力的研究[J].同济大学学报,1983(1):31-43.
[5]李英民,郑妮娜,夏洪流,等.芯柱式构造柱约束墙体抗震变形能力试验研究[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2010(8):1-6.
[6]施楚贤.砖砌体和钢筋混凝土构造柱组合墙的承载力计算[J].建筑结构,2003(7):67-69.
[7]Federal Emergency Management Agency.Evaluation of EarthquakeDamaged Concrete And Masonry Wall Buildings:Basic ProceduresManual[S].FEMA-306,Applied Technology Council,Washington D.C.,1998.
[8]GB50003—2001砌体结构设计规范[S].
[9]施楚贤.砌体结构理论与设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[10]Mainstone R J.Supplementary Note on the Stiffness and Strengths of Infilled Frames[M].Current Paper CP 13/74,BuildingResearch Station,Garston,Watford,U.K.,1974.
[11]Smith B S.Behavior of Square Infilled Frames[J].Journal of Structural Division,ASCE,1966,92(1):381-404.
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