青海玉树地震村镇建筑震害分析及减灾措施
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摘要
2010年4月14日青海玉树发生7.1级地震,造成大量建筑物损坏和倒塌.对玉树地震灾区各类建筑结构的震害进行了初步分析,总结了此次地震的经验教训.针对地震灾区村镇建筑提出了建议:(1)从结构抗震的概念设计着手,合理的选择场地、结构类型和抗力构件布置;(2)"就地取材,结合传统,提高性能",研究适合当地的适宜性建筑结构抗震体系;(3)针对当地的地形地貌及地质条件、材料来源、建筑的传统性与民族性等特点,整体规划,编制适宜当地的建筑抗震设计标准图集;(4)培训施工人员,规范村镇建筑施工;(5)加强村镇学校和医院等重要性建筑的抗震性能.
On April 14,2010,a 7.1 magnitude earthquake occurred in Yushu,Qinghai Province,causing the collapse and damage of a large number of buildings.Based on the relative reports and information,the seismic damage cases for the different structural types in this earthquake are analyzed.While the lessons and experiences are summarized,several suggestions are presented: starting the project with the conception design,and choosing the most appropriate site and structure layout;obtaining material from local resources,to improve performance and researching a proper local building a seismic system;observing the local topography and geological conditions,source of materials,building traditions and nationality,etc.Making an overall plan,drawing up a standard local seismic atlas;training the construction workers,specifying the construction of buildings in villages and towns;reinforcing the seismic performance of buildings of great importance such as village schools and hospitals.
On April 14,2010,a 7.1 magnitude earthquake occurred in Yushu,Qinghai Province,causing the collapse and damage of a large number of buildings.Based on the relative reports and information,the seismic damage cases for the different structural types in this earthquake are analyzed.While the lessons and experiences are summarized,several suggestions are presented: starting the project with the conception design,and choosing the most appropriate site and structure layout;obtaining material from local resources,to improve performance and researching a proper local building a seismic system;observing the local topography and geological conditions,source of materials,building traditions and nationality,etc.Making an overall plan,drawing up a standard local seismic atlas;training the construction workers,specifying the construction of buildings in villages and towns;reinforcing the seismic performance of buildings of great importance such as village schools and hospitals.
引文
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[2]中国国家地理网.青海玉树县7.1级地震[EB/OL].[2010-04-15].http:∥bbs.dili360.com/thread-169977-1-1.html.Chinese National Geography Network.The 7.1 earthquake in Yushu County of Qinghai Province[EB/OL].[2010-04-15].http:∥bbs.dili360.com/thread-169977-1-1.ht ml.
[3]中国地震信息网.震区活动断裂分布图[EB/OL].[2010-04-14].http:∥www.csi.ac.cn/manage/ht ml/4028861611c5c2ba0111c5c558b00001/_content/10_04/1271221655504.ht ml.Chinese Earthquake Information Network.Seismic fracture distribution[EB/OL].[2010-04-14].http:∥www.csi.ac.cn/manage/ht ml/4028861611c5c2ba0111c5c558b00001/_content/10_04/1271221655504.ht ml.
[4]佚名.震中地块垂直错位破坏小[N].新快报,2010-04-21(A10).Anon.Small vertical displacement damage in epicenter plot[N].The New Dispatch,2010-04-21(A10).
[5]陆海峰,于佳.玉树县第三完小已有35人遇难[N].青年时报,2010-04-15(A4).LU Hai-feng,YUJia.35 people have been killedinthe third elementary school of Yushu[N].Youth Ti mes,2010-04-15(A4).
[6]曾向荣,张强.最牛房屋扛住7.1级地震[N].广州日报,2010-04-22(A8).ZENG Xiang-rong,ZHANG Qiang.The house carry 7.1earthquake[N].Guangzhou Daily,2010-04-22(A8).
[7]魏英祖,郭金贵.西北地区农村房屋抗震设防现状及对策[J].西北地震学报,2005,27(4):351-356.WEI Ying-zu,GUO Jin-gui.Present situation and countermeasures of earthquake resistance protection for villagehouses in northwestern China[J].NORTHWESTERN SEISMOLOGICAL JOURNAL,2005,27(4):351-356.
[8]石盛昌,曹阳.沈阳市农村民居建设现状及抗震设防对策[J].东北地震研究,2008,24(3):77-80.SHI Sheng-chang,CAO Yang.Seismic fortification countermeasure for Shen Yang rural buildings[J].Seismologi-cal Research of Northeast China,2008,24(3):77-80.
[9]徐有邻.汶川地震震害调查及对建筑结构安全的反思[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009:11-47.XU You-lin.Damage investigation and analysis of engineering structures of safety in the Wen chuan earthquake[M].Beijing:China Building Industry Press,2009:11-47.
[10]杨海丽.提高村镇建筑抗震设防能力的基本对策[J].邢台职业技术学院学报,2006,23(3):91-92.YANG Hai-li.The Basic Countermeasures of i mproving the ability of earthquake resistant building in the country[J].Journal of Xingtai Polytechnic College,2006,23(3):91-92.
[11]刘莹,杨柳.我国村镇房屋抗震设计分析与研究[J].中外建筑,2009(9):181-182.LI U Ying,YANG Liu.Analysis and research on seismic design of China’s town housing[J].Chinese and OverseasArchitecture,2009(9):181-182.
[12]李英民,韩军,刘立平,等.“5.12”汶川地震砌体结构房屋震害调查与分析[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,2009,41(5):606-611.LI Ying-min,HANJun,LI U Li-ping,et al.Investigation and analysis of masonry building damage caused by the5.12 Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan Province[J].J.Xi′an Univ.of Arch.&Tech.:Natural Science Edition,2009,41(5):606-611.
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