不同介质地下爆炸的地震耦合效应
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摘要
对黄土、砂砾石和花岗岩等几种不同介质中的地下爆炸实验进行了地表速度测量,利用实测数据获得爆炸源频谱以及以折合速度势低频稳态值表示的地震耦合强度。实验结果表明,对于相同当量、相当比例埋深下的地下爆炸,地震耦合强度和源区介质特性有着强烈的依赖关系,其中介质强度是影响地震耦合效率的最主要因素,而介质的干孔隙率和水饱和度也是影响地震耦合效率的重要因素。考察了M.D.Denny等提出的经验公式在估算100kg级当量地下爆炸地震耦合强度的适用性和局限性。
Underground explosion experiments with the explosion equivalent of 100 kg TNT were performed in different geological mediums,such as loess,sand-gravel composite and granite.And the corresponding surface ground motions induced by underground explosions were observed by a series of seismometers.By using these observed data,the source parameters were obtained,as well as the seismic coupling efficiency represented by the steady value of reduced velocity potential at low frequencies.Experimental results display that for the underground explosions with the same scaled depth of burial and same explosion equivalent,the seismic coupling efficiency was strongly dependant on the source medium property in such a way that the medium strength plays the most significant roles in determining the seismic coupling effect and then the porosity and the water saturation.And based on the experimental data,the feasibility of the empirical formula proposed by M.D.Denny,et al was analyzed in estimating the seismic coupling effect of underground explosions with the explosion equivalent of 100 kg TNT.
Underground explosion experiments with the explosion equivalent of 100 kg TNT were performed in different geological mediums,such as loess,sand-gravel composite and granite.And the corresponding surface ground motions induced by underground explosions were observed by a series of seismometers.By using these observed data,the source parameters were obtained,as well as the seismic coupling efficiency represented by the steady value of reduced velocity potential at low frequencies.Experimental results display that for the underground explosions with the same scaled depth of burial and same explosion equivalent,the seismic coupling efficiency was strongly dependant on the source medium property in such a way that the medium strength plays the most significant roles in determining the seismic coupling effect and then the porosity and the water saturation.And based on the experimental data,the feasibility of the empirical formula proposed by M.D.Denny,et al was analyzed in estimating the seismic coupling effect of underground explosions with the explosion equivalent of 100 kg TNT.
引文
[1]Werth C G,F.H.Roland.Comparison of amplitudes of seismic waves from nuclear explosions in four mediums[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1963,68(5):1463-1475.
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[4]Denny M D,Johnson L R.The explosion seismic source function:Models and scaling laws reviewed[R].UCRL-JC-107941.California:Lawrence Livermore National Lab,1989.
[5]Murphy J R.Types of seismic events and their source descriptions[C]∥Husebye E S,Dainty A M.Monitoring aComprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty:NATO ASI Series E.Dordrecht,Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Pub-lishers,1996:225-245.
[6]钟放庆,李山林,孙恒仲,等.应用地运动数据反演地下爆炸震源函数[J].爆炸与冲击,2005,25(2):176-179.ZHONG Fang-qing,LI Shan-lin,SUN Heng-zhong,et al.Seismic source function for an underground explosion[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2005,25(2):176-179.
[7]周钟,王肖钧,肖卫国.花岗岩介质中地下爆炸震源函数研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2007,27(1):18-25.ZHOU Zhong,WANG Xiao-jun,XIAO Wei-guo.Study on the main characteristics of underground explosion seis-mic source function in granite[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2007,27(1):18-25.
[8]劳俊,肖卫国,王肖钧.地下空腔解耦爆炸的数值模拟研究[J].爆炸与冲击.2009,29(5):535-541.LAO Jun,WANG Xiao-jun,XIAO Wei-guo.Numerical study on the underground cavity-decoupling explosion[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2009,29(5):535-541.
[9]Sharpe J A.The production of elastic waves by explosion pressures.Ⅰ:Theory and empirical field observations[J].Geophysics,1942,7(2):144-154.
[10]Mueller R A,Murphy J R.Seismic characteristics of underground nuclear detonations PartⅠ:Seismic spectrumscaling[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1971,61(6):1675-1692.
[11]Haskell N A.A static theory of the seismic coupling of a contained underground explosion[J].Journal of Geo-physical Research,1961,66(9):2937-2944.
[12]Helmberger.D.V.,and D.M.Hadley,Seismic source functions and attenuation from local and teleseismic observa-tions of the NTS events jorum and handley[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1981,71(1):51-67.
[2]Perret W R.Free-field particle motion from a nuclear explosion in salt[R].VUF3012.Albuquerque,New Mexico:Sandia Corporation,1967.
[3]Larson D B.Explosive-induced wave propagation in nugget sandstone[J].Journal of geophysical research,1984,89(B11):9415-9424.
[4]Denny M D,Johnson L R.The explosion seismic source function:Models and scaling laws reviewed[R].UCRL-JC-107941.California:Lawrence Livermore National Lab,1989.
[5]Murphy J R.Types of seismic events and their source descriptions[C]∥Husebye E S,Dainty A M.Monitoring aComprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty:NATO ASI Series E.Dordrecht,Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Pub-lishers,1996:225-245.
[6]钟放庆,李山林,孙恒仲,等.应用地运动数据反演地下爆炸震源函数[J].爆炸与冲击,2005,25(2):176-179.ZHONG Fang-qing,LI Shan-lin,SUN Heng-zhong,et al.Seismic source function for an underground explosion[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2005,25(2):176-179.
[7]周钟,王肖钧,肖卫国.花岗岩介质中地下爆炸震源函数研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2007,27(1):18-25.ZHOU Zhong,WANG Xiao-jun,XIAO Wei-guo.Study on the main characteristics of underground explosion seis-mic source function in granite[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2007,27(1):18-25.
[8]劳俊,肖卫国,王肖钧.地下空腔解耦爆炸的数值模拟研究[J].爆炸与冲击.2009,29(5):535-541.LAO Jun,WANG Xiao-jun,XIAO Wei-guo.Numerical study on the underground cavity-decoupling explosion[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2009,29(5):535-541.
[9]Sharpe J A.The production of elastic waves by explosion pressures.Ⅰ:Theory and empirical field observations[J].Geophysics,1942,7(2):144-154.
[10]Mueller R A,Murphy J R.Seismic characteristics of underground nuclear detonations PartⅠ:Seismic spectrumscaling[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1971,61(6):1675-1692.
[11]Haskell N A.A static theory of the seismic coupling of a contained underground explosion[J].Journal of Geo-physical Research,1961,66(9):2937-2944.
[12]Helmberger.D.V.,and D.M.Hadley,Seismic source functions and attenuation from local and teleseismic observa-tions of the NTS events jorum and handley[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1981,71(1):51-67.
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