2011年3月11日日本地震震前电离层异常变化分析
摘要
以2011年3月11日日本本州东海岸附近海域发生的Mw9.0级地震为背景,利用震中附近GNSS观测站数据计算得到的VTEC和电离层测高仪站的foF2数据,分析了地震前后的电离层异常.发现3月8日存在明显的正异常,且明显的异常持续了6h.进一步分析电离层异常的空间分布后,认为3月8日中午至日落前后发生的电离层正异常很可能是由于孕育地震而引起的.通过给出的3月8日VTEC二维异常分布图发现异常的区域在经度方向跨度有50°,在纬度方向接近20°,长度大致为3:1,电离层VTEC异常峰值出现在15:00~19:00LT之间,峰值点并不位于震中的正上方,而是位于震中偏向赤道方向,在赤道共轭区也存在异常,而在全球其他区域没有显著的异常.为深入分析该天电离层异常的变化情况,采用电离层层析技术重构了震区附近电离层电子密度时空分布,确认3月8日的电离层异常可看作是日本311地震的前兆.
引文
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2余涛,毛田,王云冈,等.汶川特大地震前电离层主要参量变化.科学通报,2009,54:493–499
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7Pulinets S A,Legen’ka A D,Gaivoronskaya T V,et al.Main phenomenological features of ionospheric precursors of strong earthquakes.J Atmos Sol Terr Phys,2003,65:1337–1347
8方涵先,翁利斌,王威,等.电离层在地震短临预报中的应用.科学技术与工程,2010,10:6698–6706
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11Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Chuo Y J,et al.A statistical investigation of pre-earthquake ionospheric anomaly.J Geophys Res,2006,111:A05304
12Dautermann T,Calais E,Haase J,et al.Investigation of ionospheric electron content variations before earthquakes in southern California,2003–2004.J Geophys Res,2006,112:B02106
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14Antsilevich M G.The influence of Tashkent earthquake on the Earth’s magnetic field and the ionosphere,Tashkent earthquake26April1966.Tashkent FAN,1971,187–188
15Pulinets S A,Boyarchuk K.Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes.Berlin:Springer,2004
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21Calais E,Minster J B.GPS detection of ionospheric perturbations following the January17,1994,Northridge Earthquake.Geophys Res Lett,1995,22:1045–1048
22Zaslavski Y,Parrot M,Blanc E.Analysis of TEC measurements above active seismic regions.Phys Earth Planet Inter,1998,105:219–228
23吴云,乔学军,周义炎.利用地基GPS探测震前电离层TEC异常.大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25:36–40
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25Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Chen C H,et al.Seismoionospheric GPS total electron content anomalies observed before the12May2008Mw7.9Wenchuan earthquake.J Geophys Res,2009,114:A04320
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27Lin J,Wu Y,Zhu F Y,et a1.Wenchuan earthquake ionosphere TEC anomaly detected by GPS.Chin J Geophys,2009,52:297–300
28Zeng Z C,Zhang B,Fang G Y,et a1.The analysis of ionospheric variations before Wenchuan earthquake with DEMETER data.Chin J Geophys,2009,52:11–19
29Ding Z H,Wu J,Su S J,et al.The variations of ionosphere on some days before the Wenchuan Earthquake.Chin J Geophys,2010,53:30–38
30祝芙英,吴云,林剑,等.汶川Ms8.0地震前电离层异常分析.大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28:16–21
31吴寒.基于GNSS的电离层层析算法及其应用研究.硕士学位论文.武汉:武汉大学,2011
32杨剑,吴云,周义炎.基于电离层层析成像技术探测汶川地震前电离层异常.大地测量与地球动力学,2011,31:9–14
33邹玉华.GPS地面台网和掩星观测结合的时变三维电离层层析.博士学位论文.武汉:武汉大学,2004
34Howe B M,Runciman K,Secan J A.Tomography of Ionosphere:Four-dimensional simulations.Radio Sci,1998,33:109–128
35Liu Z Z,Gao Y.Ionospheric tomography using GPS measurements.In:Proceedings of the International Symposium on Kinematic System in Geodesy,Geomatics and Navigation.Alberta:Banff,2001.111–120
36Rius A,Ruffini G,Cucurull L.Improving the vertical resolution of ionospheric tomography with GPS occultations.Geophys Res Lett,1997,14:2291–2294
37Wen D B,Yuan Y B,Ou J K,et al.Ionospheric spatial and temporal variations during18August2003storm over China.Earth Planet Space,2007,59:313–317
38Thampi S V,Lin C,Liu H,et al.First tomographic observations of the Midlatitude Summer Nighttime Anomaly over Japan.J Geophys Res,2009,114:A10318
39李征航,黄劲松.GPS测量与数据处理.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2005
40闻德保.基于GPS的电离层层析算法及其应用研究.博士学位论文.武汉:中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所,2007
41Liu S Z,Wang J X,Gao J Q.Inversion of ionospheric electron density based on a constrained simultaneous iteration reconstruction tech-nique.IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens,2010,48:2455–2459
42杜品仁,蒋和荣,郭兼善.电离层异常能否作为地震前兆的研究.地震,1998,18:119–126
43Liu J Y,Chuo Y J,Shan S J,et al.Pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies registered by continuous GPS TEC measurements.Annal Geo-phys,2004,22:1585–1593
44Oyama K I,Kakinami Y,Liu J Y,et al.Reduction of electron temperature in low latitude ionosphere at600km before and after large earthquakes.J Geophys Res,2008,113:A11317
45Kim V P,Hegai V V.A Possible Presage of Strong Earthquakes in the Night-time Mid-latitude Region Ionosphere,Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquake.Tokyo:Terra Scientific Publishing Company,1999.619–627
46Liu J Y,Le H,Chen Y I,et al.Observations and simulations of seismoionospheric GPS total electron content anomalies before the12January2010M7Haiti earthquake.J Geophys Res,2011,116:A04302
2余涛,毛田,王云冈,等.汶川特大地震前电离层主要参量变化.科学通报,2009,54:493–499
3蔡军涛,陈小斌,赵国泽,等.地震前兆:电离层F2层异常.地球物理学进展,2007,22:720–728
4李海华,刘德富,宋笑亭.伴随我国一些大震的电离层异常现象.西北地震学报,1984,6:1–11
5李永生,李开春.大震前后电离层的扰动.地震学报,1987,9:101–107
6Leonard R S,Barnes R A.Observation of ionospheric disturbances following the Alaska earthquake.J Geophys Res,1965,70:1250–1253
7Pulinets S A,Legen’ka A D,Gaivoronskaya T V,et al.Main phenomenological features of ionospheric precursors of strong earthquakes.J Atmos Sol Terr Phys,2003,65:1337–1347
8方涵先,翁利斌,王威,等.电离层在地震短临预报中的应用.科学技术与工程,2010,10:6698–6706
9Liu J Y,Tsai H F,Lin C H,et al.Coseismic ionospheric disturbances triggered by the Chi-Chi earthquake.J Geophys Res,2010,115:A08303
10Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Chuo Y J,et al.Variations of ionospheric total electron content during the Chi-Chi Earthquake.Geophys Res Lett,2001,28:1383–1386
11Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Chuo Y J,et al.A statistical investigation of pre-earthquake ionospheric anomaly.J Geophys Res,2006,111:A05304
12Dautermann T,Calais E,Haase J,et al.Investigation of ionospheric electron content variations before earthquakes in southern California,2003–2004.J Geophys Res,2006,112:B02106
13Weaver P F,Yuen P C,Prolss G W,et al.Acoustic coupling in the ionosphere from seismic waves of the earthquake at Kurile Islands on August11.Nature,1969,226:1239–1241
14Antsilevich M G.The influence of Tashkent earthquake on the Earth’s magnetic field and the ionosphere,Tashkent earthquake26April1966.Tashkent FAN,1971,187–188
15Pulinets S A,Boyarchuk K.Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes.Berlin:Springer,2004
16Pulinets S A.Seismic activity as a source of the ionospheric variability.Adv Space Res,1998,22:903–906
17Pulinets S A.Natural Radioactivity,Earthquakes,and the Ionosphere.Eos Trans AGU,2007,88:217–224
18Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Pulinets S A,et al.Seismo-ionospheric signatures prior to M?6.0Taiwan earthquakes.Geophys Res Lett,2000,27:3113–3116
19丁鉴海,索玉成,余素荣.地磁场与电离层异常现象及其与地震的关系.空间科学学报,2005,25:536–542
20Le H,Liu J Y,Liu L.A statistical analysis of ionospheric anomalies before736M6.0+earthquakes during2002–2010.J Geophys Res,2011,116:A02303
21Calais E,Minster J B.GPS detection of ionospheric perturbations following the January17,1994,Northridge Earthquake.Geophys Res Lett,1995,22:1045–1048
22Zaslavski Y,Parrot M,Blanc E.Analysis of TEC measurements above active seismic regions.Phys Earth Planet Inter,1998,105:219–228
23吴云,乔学军,周义炎.利用地基GPS探测震前电离层TEC异常.大地测量与地球动力学,2005,25:36–40
24Zhou Y Y,Wu Y,Qiao X J,et al.Anomalous variations of ionospheric VTEC before Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake.Chin J Geophys,2010,53:556–566
25Liu J Y,Chen Y I,Chen C H,et al.Seismoionospheric GPS total electron content anomalies observed before the12May2008Mw7.9Wenchuan earthquake.J Geophys Res,2009,114:A04320
26Zhao B,Wang M,Yu T,et al.Is an unusual large enhancement of ionospheric electron density linked with the2008great Wenchuan earthquake?J Geophys Res,2008,113:A11304
27Lin J,Wu Y,Zhu F Y,et a1.Wenchuan earthquake ionosphere TEC anomaly detected by GPS.Chin J Geophys,2009,52:297–300
28Zeng Z C,Zhang B,Fang G Y,et a1.The analysis of ionospheric variations before Wenchuan earthquake with DEMETER data.Chin J Geophys,2009,52:11–19
29Ding Z H,Wu J,Su S J,et al.The variations of ionosphere on some days before the Wenchuan Earthquake.Chin J Geophys,2010,53:30–38
30祝芙英,吴云,林剑,等.汶川Ms8.0地震前电离层异常分析.大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28:16–21
31吴寒.基于GNSS的电离层层析算法及其应用研究.硕士学位论文.武汉:武汉大学,2011
32杨剑,吴云,周义炎.基于电离层层析成像技术探测汶川地震前电离层异常.大地测量与地球动力学,2011,31:9–14
33邹玉华.GPS地面台网和掩星观测结合的时变三维电离层层析.博士学位论文.武汉:武汉大学,2004
34Howe B M,Runciman K,Secan J A.Tomography of Ionosphere:Four-dimensional simulations.Radio Sci,1998,33:109–128
35Liu Z Z,Gao Y.Ionospheric tomography using GPS measurements.In:Proceedings of the International Symposium on Kinematic System in Geodesy,Geomatics and Navigation.Alberta:Banff,2001.111–120
36Rius A,Ruffini G,Cucurull L.Improving the vertical resolution of ionospheric tomography with GPS occultations.Geophys Res Lett,1997,14:2291–2294
37Wen D B,Yuan Y B,Ou J K,et al.Ionospheric spatial and temporal variations during18August2003storm over China.Earth Planet Space,2007,59:313–317
38Thampi S V,Lin C,Liu H,et al.First tomographic observations of the Midlatitude Summer Nighttime Anomaly over Japan.J Geophys Res,2009,114:A10318
39李征航,黄劲松.GPS测量与数据处理.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2005
40闻德保.基于GPS的电离层层析算法及其应用研究.博士学位论文.武汉:中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所,2007
41Liu S Z,Wang J X,Gao J Q.Inversion of ionospheric electron density based on a constrained simultaneous iteration reconstruction tech-nique.IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens,2010,48:2455–2459
42杜品仁,蒋和荣,郭兼善.电离层异常能否作为地震前兆的研究.地震,1998,18:119–126
43Liu J Y,Chuo Y J,Shan S J,et al.Pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies registered by continuous GPS TEC measurements.Annal Geo-phys,2004,22:1585–1593
44Oyama K I,Kakinami Y,Liu J Y,et al.Reduction of electron temperature in low latitude ionosphere at600km before and after large earthquakes.J Geophys Res,2008,113:A11317
45Kim V P,Hegai V V.A Possible Presage of Strong Earthquakes in the Night-time Mid-latitude Region Ionosphere,Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquake.Tokyo:Terra Scientific Publishing Company,1999.619–627
46Liu J Y,Le H,Chen Y I,et al.Observations and simulations of seismoionospheric GPS total electron content anomalies before the12January2010M7Haiti earthquake.J Geophys Res,2011,116:A04302
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